Handbook for Battery Energy Storage in Photovoltaic Power Systems

100 ampere-hours 100 percent active materials ambient ampere-hours amperes antimony applications Argonne National Laboratory Attn Auxiliary Systems available capacity Battery Capacity battery characteristics Battery Discharge Voltage battery system battery types cell or battery cell voltage charge rates charge voltage charge/discharge charging current chlorine cost decreases deep cycle depth of discharge discharge cutoff voltage discharge rate duty cycle Effect of Temperature electric vehicle electrochemical electrochemical cell electrodes electrolyte energy density energy efficiency fully charged gassing heat hour rate hydrogen Lead-Acid Battery lead-acid cell lead-antimony grids lead-calcium lithium-metal sulfide maximum Medium Rate motive power near-term Nickel-Cadmium Battery Nickel-Iron Battery Nickel-Zinc Battery Nominal operating temperature operating voltage overcharge percent depth photovoltaic power systems pocket plate cells presented rated capacity requirements result self-discharge self-discharge rate sodium-sulfur battery specific gravity system designer TBD TBD TBD tery tion utility load leveling Vented Nickel-Cadmium Battery VOLTAGE VOLTS VOLTS PER CELL water addition Watt-hour Zinc-Chlorine Battery