betokening no longer the contrition of his followers, but the homage of mankind, with erect form and lofty mien, animating these children of a new world to higher hopes and holier purposes. Columbus lived in an age of great events. His character was complex, and his attainments are to be estimated by those of his contemporaries, and not by other standards.

Concerning ourselves, the statistics are familiar, and constitute a marvel. We are near the beginning of another century, and if no serious change occurs in our present growth, in the year 1935, in the lifetime of many men now in manhood, the English-speaking Republicans of America will number more than one hundred and eighty millions; and for these, John Bright, in a burst of impassioned eloquence, predicts one people, one language, one law, one faith, and, all over the wide continent, the home of Freedom, and a refuge for the oppressed of every race and clime. Like him, let us have faith in our future. To insure that future, the functions must be kept pure; public integrity must be preserved. While we reverence what Garibaldi and Victor Emanuel fought for, the union of peoples, - we must secure, above all else, what Steuben and Koskiusco aided our fathers to establish, liberty regulated by law.

If the time should ever come when men trifle with the public conscience, let me predict the patriotic action of the Republic in the language of Milton:

Methinks I see, in my mind, a noble and puissant nation, rousing herself like a strong man after sleep, and shaking his invincible locks; methinks I see her as an eagle mewing her mighty youth, and kindling her undazzled eyes at the full midday beams; purging and unscaling her long abused sight at the fountain itself of heavenly radiance, while the whole noise of timorous and flocking birds, with those also that love the twilight, flutter about, amazed at what she means."

3. DEDICATION OF COLUMBIAN EXPO

SITION.

Extracts from Oration of Hon. HENRY WATTERSON, an orator of the day.

No twenty centuries can be compared with these four centuries, either in importance or interest, as no previous ceremonial can be compared with this, in its wide significance and reach, because, since the Advent of the Son of God, no event has had so great an influence upon human affairs as the discovery of this Western Hemisphere. Each of the centuries that have intervened marks many revolutions. The story of the least of the nations would fill a volume. In what I have to say, I shall confine myself to my own.

We have, in our own time, seen the Republic survive an irrepressible conflict, sown in the blood and the marrow of the social order. We have seen the Federal Union, not too strongly put together in the first place, come out of a war of sections stronger than when it went into it; its faith renewed, its credit rehabilitated, and its flag saluted with love and homage by sixty millions of Godfearing men and women, thoroughly reunited and homogeneous. The young manhood of the country may take this lesson from those of us who lived through times that did indeed try men's souls; when, pressed down from day to day by awful responsibilities and sacrifices, each night brought a terror with every thought of the morrow; and when, look wherever we would, there was light and hope nowhere that "God reigns and rules," and that this fair land is, and has always been, in His own keeping.

But there is no geography in American manhood. It needs but six weeks to change a Vermonter into a Texan.

When upon the battle-field or the frontier, Puritan and Cavalier were convertible terms, having in the beginning a common origin, and so diffused and diluted on American soil as no longer to possess a local habitation or a nativity, except in the national unit.

The men who planted the signals of American civilization upon that sacred rock by Plymouth Bay were Englishmen; and so were the men who struck the coast a little lower down, calling their haven of rest after the great Republican Commoner, and founding by Hampton Roads a race of heroes and statesmen, the mention of whose names brings a thrill to every heart.

The South claims Lincoln, the immortal, as its own. The North has no right to reject Stonewall Jackson, the one typical Puritan soldier of the war, for its own. Nor will it.

But we have come here, not so much to recall by-gone sorrows and glories, as to bask in the sunshine of present prosperity and happiness; to exchange patriotic greetings, and indulge good auguries; and, above all, to meet upon the threshold the stranger within our gates, not as a foreigner, but as a guest and friend for whom nothing we have is too good. From wheresoever he cometh, we welcome him with all our hearts. The son of the Rhine and the Garonne, our godmother, to whom we owe so much, he shall be our Lafayette; the son of the Rhine and the Moselle, he shall be our Goethe and our Wagner; the son of the Campagna and the Vesuvian Bay, he shall be our Michael Angelo and our Garibaldi; the son of Aragon and the Indies, he shall be our Christopher Columbus, fitly honored at last, throughout the world.

Our good cousin of England needs no words of special civility and courtesy from us. For him the latch-string is ever on the outer side, though whether it be or not, we are sure that he will enter and make himself at home.

A common language enables us to do full justice to one another, at the festive board, or in the arena of debate, warning both of us, in equal tones, against any further parley on the field of arms. All nations and all creeds are welcome here, from the Bosphorus and the Black Sea, from Holland dike and Alpine crag, from Belgrade and Calcutta, and round to Chinese seas and the busy marts of Japan, the Isles of the Pacific and the far-away Capes of Africa; Armenian, Christian, and Jew. The American loves no country except his own, but, loving all manhood as his brother, bids you enter and fear not, bids you partake with us of these fruits of four hundred years of American government and development, and behold these trophies of one hundred years of American independence and freedom.

We are met this day to honor the memory of Christopher Columbus, to celebrate the four hundredth annual return of the year of his transcendent achievement; and, with fitting rites, to dedicate to America and the universe a correct exposition of the world's progress between the years 1492 and 1892.

4. THE SCHOOLS TAKE PART.

Extract from the same Oration as above.

At this moment, in every part of the American Union, the children are taking up the wondrous tale of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus; and from Boston to Galveston, from the little log school-house in the wilderness to the towering academy in the city or town, may be witnessed the unprecedented spectacle of a powerful nation captured by an army of Liliputians, of embryo men and women, of toppling boys and girls, and

tiny elves, scarce big enough to lisp the numbers of the National Anthem, scarce strong enough to lift the miniature flags that make of arid street and autumn wood an emblematical garden, to gladden the sight and to glorify the Red, White, and Blue.

See "Our young barbarians all at play;" for, better than this, we have nothing to exhibit!

These, indeed, are our crown-jewels, the truest, though the inevitable off-spring of our civil development; the representatives of a manhood vitalized and invigorated by toil and care, of a womanhood elated and inspired by Liberty and Education.

God bless the children and their mothers! God bless our country's flag, and God be with us now and ever! God in the roof-trees' shade, and God in the highway! God in the wind and the waves! God in all our hearts! HENRY WATTERSON.

5. DEDICATION EXERCISES.

Extracts from Oration of Hon. CHAUNCEY M. DEPEw, an orator of the day.

THIS day belongs, not to America, but to the world. The results of the day it celebrates are the heritage of the peoples of every race and clime. We celebrate the emancipation of man. The preparation was the work of almost countless centuries; the realization was the revelation of one. The Cross on Calvary was hope; the cross raised on San Salvador was opportunity. But for the first, Columbus never would have sailed; but for the second, there would have been no place for the planting, the nurture, and the expansion of civil and religious liberty. Ancient history is a dreary record of unstable civiliza