"REMOTE."-Among the records of Quakerism in Wiltshire which I am contributing to the Wilts Notes and Queries appears the birth of Remote Edwards, 1678/9, at Brinkworth. Is Remote a male or female name? Are other instances of its use known? NORMAN PENNEY. assist me to a definite certainty in the matter? Dr. Brewer and Halkett and Laing give Wm. Combe. J. P. MORICE. STOP-PRESS EDITIONS.-What are the earliest "stop-press" editions of our newspapers? And are there any allusions to them in our literature? ALFRED F. ROBBINS. Tottenham. "THOMAS TOMKINSON, GENT."-There was MARYLEBONE CHURCHYARD PUBLIC VAULT. printed in London in the year 1729 a volume-Can anybody tell me whether the record entitled "A System of Religion, Treating of of the interments here has been preserved ; the following Heads......Faithfully collected and, if so, where? J. M. BULLOCH. from a curious Manuscript, found among the Papers of Tho. Tomkinson, Gent." Can any fellow-reader give me information about Thomas Tomkinson ? CHARLES HIGHAM. 169, Grove Lane, London, S. E. [All the information obtainable or desirable concerning this Muggletonian writer is to be found under his name in the Dict. Nat. Biog.' It is difficult to understand the ignorance concerning this monumental work, or the reluctance to consult it, which generally prevails.] LIEUT. JAMES.-Information wanted of the family of this officer, who served on board the Vanguard at the battle of the Nile. He was uncle to one Frances Boniface, born 1791, in or near Yapton, Sussex, and member of a very old family of that name in the county. F.S.A. ST. EANSWYTH. (See 9th S. iv. 461.)-Will MR. HEMS be so kind as to give a short account of the discovery by him, in 1885, of the relics of this saint? The bare statement of fact at the above reference whets one's appetite considerably for more particulars. JOHN T. PAGE. 118, Pall Mall, S. W. TOAD MUGS.-Will any reader kindly tell me the origin and places of manufacture of the curious beer mugs with small figures of a toad or toads affixed within, and appearing as if climbing up the sides of the mug? The toads are usually hollow, and are of the trick order, placed so as to spurt out the liquid in the bottom of the cup on the unwary drinker. Do these mugs mark any particular local events? or were they made for any special occasions, or were merely freaks of cup and W. H. pot makers? there was a sale of some of the pictures from HOGARTH'S 'SIGISMUNDA.'-I shall be glad West Haddon, Northamptonshire. WAGNER'S MEISTERSINGER.' Can any musician inform me what was the cast of Wagner's Meistersinger' as played at Bay-The Chronicles of Scotland,' by Robert reuth in the year 1888? Did Wiegand sing, and in what character? JAS. PLATT, Jun. 'DR. SYNTAX.'-Is there any doubt that Wm. Combe wrote Dr. Syntax'? In a magazine article (which I unfortunately cannot find again) I lately saw the author given as "Sheriff" or "Shireff." Can you Lindesay, of Pitscottie, has been recently edited and published from a newly discovered MS. belonging to Mr. John Scott, C.B., of Halkstall, Largs, by E. J. J. Mackay, Sheriff of Fife, 7, Albyn Place, Edinburgh. This MS. contains much new matter, and in particular the history of Scotland from 1565 to 1 January, 1576. It was bought by Mr. Scott at the Phillips sale, and formerly E. J. J. MACKAY. a "BULLY."-This week a hockey match was played in aid of the Reservist Fund at Aberdare, and on the ticket of admission I find the following: "Bully off by David Hughes, High Constable, at 3 P.M. punctually." Is this meaning of the word bully to give the first push to the ball a usual one? It is not given in 'H.E.D.' D. M. R. through th' wayter for, when tha' knows I'm witchelt?" Is the word still in use in any part of England, and is there any standard or dialect word of similar meaning to which it is related? CHARLES J. BULLOCK. Beylies. OLIVER CROMWELL AND MUSIC. (9th S. iii. 341, 417, 491; iv. 151, 189, 276, 310, 401, 499.) MR. DAVEY makes fresh assertions which prove his want of knowledge of the subject under discussion. In defence of his unwarranted aspersion of organ accompaniment before the Civil War, he speaks of the Mulliner MS. as one proof. He forgets to tell us where the MS. is; fortunately I can do so with a very certain knowledge, having purchased it at Rimbault's sale for 84/., and having subsequently handed it over to the can be seen British Museum, where it (No. 30,513). That book contains a variety of compositions, including the well-known madrigal "In going to my naked bed," by Edwardes, but has no organ accompaniment of any kind. Next, MR. DAVEY asserts that the organist of the Chapel Royal "possessed an old printed score of the well-known service by Orlando Gibbons, as played by Gibbons himself, full of meaningless embellishments." The identical copy possessed by the organist of the Chapel Royal is lying before me; it is merely an organ part, not a score, and was privately published by Mr. Stainer (now Sir John) in 1864; it was copied from a manuhis entertaining script in Magdalen College, Oxford. Neither 'Voyage au Pays des Mines d'Or,' by the MS. nor the printed copy has a single Raymond Auzias - Turenne, recently pub-word suggesting that it was so performed by lished, the adventurous author writes as follows (p. 114) : ["Bully" is the opening of play by the crossing of sticks by two players before hitting the ball. The use seems similar to "bully," the scrimmage in Eton football, duly given in 'H.E.D.'] DANDY'S GATE. What is known of Dandy's Gate, an old toll in Bermondsey? Possibly so named from the family or individual who farmed it. Any details will oblige. "THE BEURRE." In his A. H. "Rares sont les Anglais, quoiqu'ils fussent en grand nombre au pied du Chilkoot. Les trois quarts sont retournés au confort du sweet home et la Bible avec du thé beurré." What is the meaning of "the beurré"? Timperley. = T. P. ARMSTRONG. [Une beurrée" une tranche de pain sur laquelle on a étendu du beurre." Does this help ?] “WITCHELT=ILL-SHOD.-I am told by an elderly resident in South-East Lancashire that this word was in use there early in the century. It is related that an old man who travelled on a donkey from village to village (selling blacking, I think) was on one occasion taken through a pool of water, wetting the old man's feet, whereupon he exclaimed to his donkey: What does tha' tak' me 66 Gibbons; but fortunately the MS. explains what the music so arranged was intended for. The headings or indexing in the MS. read as follows: "Tallis in D, organ part varied"; "Te Deum, Mr. Tallis, with variations for the organ"; "Te Deum, Mr. Orlando Gibbons, in F fa ut, varied for the organ." Dr. Hopkins, in Grove's 'Dictionary,' says: or "There is little doubt therefore that the versions under notice were not intended as accompaniments at all, but were variations adaptations like the popular 'Transcriptions' of the present day, and made for separate use; that tion of the matter receives confirmation from the use being doubtless as Voluntaries. This explana fact that a second old and more legitimate organ part of those is also extant, for which no ostensible use would have existed, if not to accompany the voices." I shall not follow MR. DAVEY'S excursion into the field of Coloratur or of German singing-ornamentation that does not affect character as would be looked for from him. the question of organ accompaniment. MR. I have also, by the gift of a friend, a fine DAVEY is anxious to learn when psalm-india-proof impression of his book-plate, singing became general, and says there is engraved by H. S. Storer, giving an interior no warrant for it in the liturgy. The view of the City Library. In 1844 he pubBodleian Library possesses the following lished an edition of Sir T. Browne's 'Religio book, published in 1566: "The whole Booke Medici' and 'Christian Morals,' and a short of Psalmes collected into English Metre by biographical notice of him is consequently Sternhold......Newlye set foorth and allowed given by Dr. Greenhill in his most scholarly to be soong of the people together, in and complete edition, published in 1881, Churches, before and after Morning and where it is stated that Peach was born in Evening prayer: as also before and after 1785 and died in 1861. W. D. MACRAY. the Sermon, and moreover in private houses." Another edition, dated 1667, contains the words "Newly set forth and allowed to be song in all Churches." "To PRIEST" (9th S. iv. 514).-I have constantly heard the word "priested" used by clergymen in Warwickshire. H. K. seen I quoted plenty of evidence of the destruction of cathedral organs, and wait for proof the word "priested" in the way which seems Many generations of clergy have used of their smallness and adaptability for a novelty to your correspondent. To "bishop, taverns. I again ask the name of the was used in an analogous sense so far back French traveller relied on by MR. DAVEY in as Latimer. See--what ought to have been support of his opinion. The specimens of -the 'H.E.D.' W. C. B. old organ cases still existing do not lend colour to the notion. The beautiful case in Is not MR. MARCHANT too sensitive? If old Radnor Parish Church I have seen, and "bishoped" (Herrick) and "bishoping" (Ant. can vouch that it is far too big for erection Trollope), why not "deaconed" and "priested"? in a tavern. Let me add to the list of organs All three verbs are certainly in use and are destroyed that of Wrexham Church, a build- found in big dictionaries. C. S. WARD. ing at present attracting considerable atten- Wootton St. Lawrence, Basingstoke. tion. A Gazeteer of England and Wales,' 'PICKWICKIAN STUDIES' (9th S. iv. 492, 525). temp. Charles II., says: "At Wrexham is yThe corrections on p. 493 still need correcrarest steeple in ye 3 nations, and hath had ye fayrest organes in Europe, till ye late wars in Charles ye Ist his raigne. Whose Parliament forces pulled him and them downe with other ceremonial ornaments." Will MR. DAVEY tell us where his lists of published music are to be seen? WILLIAM H. CUMMINGS. tion. Mr. Fitzgerald is perfectly right in talking of the blue turban of Mrs. Nupkins. Dickens only made it red later, as MR. MARSHALL will see if he looks at an edition of (Methuen & Co.), just published. Is it suffi1837, or the "Rochester Edition" of 1899 cient to explain that Sam Weller was called one of Frederick William's big grenadiers? Hardly, perhaps ; but this is all that the "explanation" offered comes to. HIPPOCLIDES. 'AN APOLOGY FOR CATHEDRAL SERVICE' (9th S. iv. 419, 523).--This charming book-charming to all who rightly appreciate BOXING DAY (9th S. iv. 477).—Among seven English cathedral worship-was written by examples in the O.E. Pottery Department of John Peach, librarian of the Bristol City the British Museum of the medieval globular Library. In one of the catalogues of J.earthenware thrift-box only one is unfracRussell Smith it may be found wrongly tured. It is with exceeding rarity that one ascribed to Richard Clark, lay vicar-choral is encountered on the London mediaval of Westminster Abbey. I had the pleasure in 1846 of meeting Mr. Peach at Bristol, and of being shown over the library by him. He was a man of much reading and great taste, with many old-world ideas, and much dislike of new-world inventions, however useful. In my copy of his delightful book I have inserted a four-page leaflet which he gave me, A New Year's Gift to the Choristers of Bristol Cathedral,' signed "A Friend to Young Choristers," which he issued on 1 January, 1840, and which is such in its devout "level" by the spade of the excavator, and when one is found it is almost certain to be found fractured, a condition in which it was necessary to place it to realize its contents. When such a receptacle was put to the use of collecting small presents for Christmas, this money-pot was a "Christmas-box," and the contents were spent, or begun to be spent, on Boxing Day. Aubrey, in his Natural History of Wiltshire' (circa 1670), speaks of a pot in which Roman denarii were found as resembling in appearance an apprentice's earthen Christmas-box, and of analogous objects being in use among the (pagan) Romans. See Fosbrooke's Encyclopædia of Antiquities,' p. 290, and the Journal of the British Archaeological Association, vol. xxx. pp. 443, 444. In the Northern dialect a benefit or friendly society is called a "box," because of the box in which the funds are collected, and the annual festival of such a society is called a "box dinner." J. H. MACMICHAEL. "THE APPEARANCE" = ELECTORAL NOMINATION (9th S. iv. 496).--Surely "appearance in the sentence is equivalent to show of hands." J. D. POLKINGHORN (9th S. iv. 108, 214, 311, 461). -In reply to MR. HARRISON, Kinghorn is a most uncommon name in Cornwall. Dr. Bannister's Glossary' of some 20,000 Cornish names-a fairly complete list it must be admitted-does not give it. I have noted since my last communication that, besides the Polkinghorns in Gwinear, there is one in Perranarworthal, and also downs of that name near Gulval. Treganhorne in St. Erth, and Linkinhorne (Lan Tigherne according to the Rev. S. Baring-Gould), a parish in East Cornwall, are similar in their endings. J. HAMBLEY ROWE. SWANSEA ITS DERIVATION (9th S. i. 43, 98, 148, 194, 370, 433, 496; iii. 470; iv. 37, 110, 230, 407).-I venture the opinion that COL. MORGAN, in his last note, has lamentably failed to disprove the arguments or facts in the previous reference. One may be pardoned for being a little surprised at this, because, had he confidence in his theory, or a wish for it to carry any weight, he ought to have proved, step by step, the fallacy, if it existed, of the statements upon which my charge against his hypothesis was based. It is, however, clear it would be a waste of valuable space to continue the subject until at least the COLONEL has properly arranged his forces, if in existence, fairly to meet, if not de molish, in detail and wholly, what has been placed in opposition to him. Until he does so I am entitled to deduce from his last reply that he has a very weak case, the more so when he takes upon himself to assert that I made statements which have no foundation in fact, and generally unintentionally no doubt-distorts what I did write. A few illustrations will suffice. I did not say anything so stupid as that the "castle of Llangennith" was "omitted from the list because it belonged to the De la Mares," but clearly proved that the fact of this castle being named as belonging to this family was a sufficient demonstration of its having existed. Again, the COLONEL asserts that I "now admit that Senghenyd in the sixteenth century was mulcted of its penultimate." I never denied or admitted anything of the kind, but, on the contrary, specially named this as his "conclusion." did not write anything disclosing a "difficulty" with regard to Prince Llewelyn, &c. The difficulty, if it exists, must rest with the COLONEL, if he says Breos gave the castle to Llewelyn. Then he has much to clear up in Caradoc's history of the transaction, not to mention anything else. One example: "Prince Llewelyn was too good-natured to reject his (Bruce's) submission, and so did not only receive him to his favour, but bestowed upon him also the castle of Senghenny th." How this passage becomes "intelligible" to the COLONEL by making De Breos bestow the castle on the prince passes my comprehension, and will doubtless be read with considerable surprise. I cannot help observing it would have been to the purpose had the COLONEL confined his attention more to what was written than to what I did not say or "think." The latter would be difficult for even a professional thought-reader to divine. I need only add I do not intend reverting to the subject till the COLONEL has categorically disposed of what has been written at 9th S. iv. 230 by me. ALFRED CHAS. JONAS. MR. M. L. BRESLAR is mistaken, and MR. SHEPHERDESS WALK (9th S. iv. 306, 424).-J. W. M. GIBBS perfectly accurate in his recollections. When I was a schoolboy resident in High Street, Islington, in the late forties, Shepherdess Walk and Shepherdess Fields never called them "Shepherd's" (I have were very much in evidence. We certainly known "Shepheard's" since then at Cairo). The correct name seems to stick to the locality. The current number of the 'Post Office Guide,' for instance, defines the place as "Shepherdess Walk, Hoxton, N." Fair Park, Exeter. HARRY HEMS. HAWKWOOD (9th S. iv. 454).-In thanking MR. I. C. GOULD for his kind communication, I may be permitted to mention that I was fully acquainted with the statement that the tradition of Sir John Hawkwood, whom contemporary writers call Aucud or Agutus, having been a tailor probably originated in Italy from a corruption of his name, which Matteo Villani spells Gianni della Guglia ("John of the Needle"). However, I beg to direct attention to what Henry Hallam has was built, and which is full of interesting written about Sir John in that storehouse of historical fact and original opinion, View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages,' twelfth edition, 1868 (Murray), pp. 470-2:"This very eminent man had served in the war of Edward III., and obtained his knighthood from that sovereign, though originally, if we may trust common fame, bred to the trade of a tailor. His name is worthy to be remembered as that of the "BRIDGE" (9th S. iv. 497).—The real name first distinguished commander who had appeared in Europe since the destruction of the Roman is "britch," and the game is supposed to have empire. He appears to me to be the first real a Russian origin, which may help philologists general of modern times; the earliest master, how-to trace the source of the term, if it is unever imperfect, in the science of Turenne and known. Skat and bridge have little in comWellington. Every contemporary Italian historian mon. Skat is a three-handed game, a kind of speaks with admiration of his skilful tactics in battle, his stratagems, his well-conducted retreats." cross between gleek and hombre, with borrowings from other quarters; bridge is an improved dummy-whist for four players, with sundry details likewise borrowed elsewhere. The only semblance between them is that the trump is named by the players, and suits have an order of preference, with the trace of a link, perhaps, in the honours and matadores. The objects of the games are quite different (as well as the methods). In whist and bridge, it is tricks numerically; in skat, the values contained in the tricks-which places skat on a higher level of skill than Can any either of the other two games. readers of N. & Q' throw light on the evolution of the game itself (bridge)? J.Ś. M. T. Hawkwood, Hallam states, was not only the greatest, but the last of the foreign condot tieri, or captains of mercenary bands. Byron alludes to Henry Hallam in his 'English Bards' as Classic Hallam, much renowned for Greek. Clapham, S.W. COMPENSATION TO BRYAN, LORD FAIRFAX (9th S. iv. 399, 427).-Some particulars concerning the American estates, which lay between the Potomac and the Rappahannock in Virginia, may be seen in "The Fairfax Correspondence, London, 1848, pp. cxxvi cxxxvii. H. DAVEY. THE MINT (9th S. iv. 348, 403, 506).-I do not pretend to be infallible, but I fail to see in what respect my information was inaccurate, unless it be that I referred to Mint Street as still existing, whereas, according to your correspondent BRUTUS, it is now called Marshalsea Road. In one of the latest London maps in my possession, that which accompanied the newest reissue of 'Old and New London' in 1897-8, Mint Street is still shown, while Marshalsea Road runs into it at an angle, and only usurps the old title at the easternmost end. The change of name must therefore be of very recent date,* and I can only regret the disappearance of the last memorial of a district which filled so large a place in the satiric literature of the last century. It is almost impossible for any one to keep abreast of the London County Council in its extraordinary mania for changing the names of old and historic streets. I believe the latest victim of this craze, unless sound and saner counsels prevail, will be James Street, Buckingham Gate, which was called after the last of the Stuarts, in whose time it The Russian term schlem (sch=sh or s), when used in the card-play at whist, is evidently borrowed from the German Schlemm, denoting the total loss, or defeat, inflicted upon the opposite party of the game. Schlemm, again, has been adapted to German after the English whist-term slam, which bears the same meaning (s. Grimm's' Deutsches Wörterbuch,' ed. Heyne, ix. 632). Oxford. H. KREBS. THE STAFFORD FAMILY (9th S. iv. 477).-See "LOWESTOFT CHINA" (9th S. iv. 498).-MR. RATCLIFFE will find an able discussion upon the subject of his query in 'Marks and Monograms on European and Oriental Pottery and Porcelain,' by Wm. Chaffers (new edition, revised and edited by Frederick Litchfield, 1897). The author has, seemingly, disposed of the theory that the "Lowestoft ware was simply Oriental porcelain, painted only at Lowestoft ": "Mr. Llewellynn Jewitt, in an interesting paper on Lowestoft china, in the Art Journal of July, 1863, has fallen into the same error. He says: The best of the productions of the Lowestoft works are painted on Oriental body, but there are many good |