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Atheneum:-"These ballads are spirited and stirring; such are The Fall of Harald Hardrada,' Old Benbow, Marston Moor,' and Corporal John,' the soldier's name for the famous Duke of Marlborough, which it a specially good ballad. Queen Eleanor's Vengeance' is a vividly told story. Coming to more modern times, The Deeds of Wellington.' Inkerman,' and Balaklava' are excellently well said and sung. As a book of ballads, interesting to all who have British blood in their veins, Dr. Bennett's contribution will be welcome. Dr. Bennett's Ballads will leave a strong impression on the memory of those who read them." The GOLDEN LIBRARY.-Square 16mo. cloth, 28. Morning Post.-"Spirited, melodious, and vigorously graphic." Pall Mall Gazette.-"Really admirable." Morning Advertiser.-"Sure of a wide popularity." Metropolitan-"Instinct with patriotic fire." Illustrated London News.-"Right well done." News of the World.-"There is real poetry in these songs." Mirror" With admirable felicity he embodies national sentiments and emotions which stir the hearts of the people." Echo. "These songs are literally written for sailors, and they are precisely the kind of songs that sailors most enjoy." Nonconformist.-"These songs bear a true literary mark, and give out the genuine ring." Graphic.-"We may fairly say that Dr. Bennett has taken up the mantle of Dibdin." Leeds Mercury.-"There is no one nowadays who can compete with Dr. Bennett as a popular song-writer. In his volume of sea songs we find the qualities which must secure its success." Examiner." Full of incident and strongly expressed sentiment, and having a simple, dashing, musical roll and movement that reminds us of some songs that are favourable with all sailors, and the touches of humour he introduces are precisely of the kind that they will relish." Scotsman.-"Dr. Bennett's heart is thoroughly in his work....All spirited and vigorous. There is a healthy, manly, fresh-air dash about them which ought to make them popular with the class for whose use and pleasure they are designed." Liverpool Mail"Dr. Bennett has devoted his lyrical powers to a noble object in this comprehensive yet inexpensive work. This gem deserves to be patronized not only by our entire Royal Navy, but by all our Sailors' Homes and all our Mercantile Marine Associations." Crown 8vo. cloth, 58. PROMETHEUS the FIRE-GIVER, an Attempted Restoration of the Lost First Part of the Trilogy of Eschylus. CHATTO & WINDUS, 110 and 111, St. Martin's Lane, W.C. PARISH Patrons.-The Archbishops of Canterbury and of York, and nearly all the Bishops. Council.-Lord Hawkesbury, G. E. Cokayne, Clarenceux, Rev. Canon Mayo, J. C. Challenor Smith, Esq., Francis Collins, M.D., G. W. Marshall, Rouge Croix, J. Paul Rylands, Esq. Hon. Treas.-W. F. Irvine, Esq., 4. Eaton Road, Birkenhead. Hon. Sec.-E. A. Fry, Esq., 172, Edmund Street, Birmingham. 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Sixpence each. 58. per dozen, ruled or plain. New Pocket Size, 3s. per dozen, ruled or plain. Authors should note that The Leadenhall Press, Ltd., cannot be responsible for the loss of MSE by fire or otherwise. Duplicate copies should be retained. STICKPHAST PASTE is HEAPS better than Gum for sticking in Scraps, joining Papers, &c. 6d. and 1s. with strong, useful Brush (not a Toy). Send two stamps to cover postage for a sample Bottle, including Brush. Factory, Sugar Loaf Court, Leadenhall Street, E.C. Of all Stationers. Stick phast Paste sticks. LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1900. CONTENTS. - No. 112. NOTES:-The Word "Up," 121-Horace Walpole and his Editors, 122-Intended Emendation by Browning-"Out of print ""Another......to," 124-Neither fish, flesh, nor good red herring"- Bigot: Bigote - "Kaross Years of Rome 751-3, 125. its close the money market is expected to tighten up." It seems to me that this is in accordance with the genius of the English language, if I may apply such a word to a language so erratic and so full of inconsistencies. I have been watching the use every where QUERIES:- In Gordano"-List of Northern Fighters at of "full up," and I find it is used not only in Culloden, 128-Griggs and Gregorians "Grimgibber": London, but the provinces. I assisted at a "Grimgribber' -Alderman Viner's House Plashed Hedges-"Prince" Boothby-Pictures composed of Hand-penny reading in the country in January, 1899, writing-Eighteenth-Century English History' - The and in the interval ladies looked after the Plocks-The Expostulation Busts made by Alcock, 127 refreshments. I asked one young lady, who -"Childerpox"-Adventures in the Moon'-Stedman Family-Winstanley's Wonders-Woore, in Salop, 128was quite new to this work, how she was Fanny Cornforth-Heir of Linne '-Gladstone's Height, getting on. She replied, "Very well, but the young men say such funny things. I asked one young man if he would take some refreshment, and he said, 'No, thank you, miss, I'm full up'!" 129. REPLIES:-Story of Helen, Queen of England, 129-Oak- Service' - Picture by Lawrence, 138. -Passage in NOTES ON BOOKS :-Dr. Furness's Variorum Much Ado about Nothing-Mrs. Murray-Aynsley's Symbolism of the Bast and West'-Prof. Arber's 'Spenser Anthology Smythe Palmer's Jacob at Bethel'-Leland's Useful Arts and Handicrafts '-' Folk-Lore '-' Intermédiaire.' Notices to Correspondents. Hotes. ON THE WORD "UP." UNDER the title of the Queen's English' X. Y. Z. complained (9th S. ii. 146), as I consider justly, of the use by the Times of "full up" and "that much," both most objectionable expressions, the former, I think, cockney, the latter a provincialism, thus showing that the writer complained of came from the provinces and was domiciled in London. How ever, this much can be said for "that much," that it was immediately defended (ibid., p. 269) by several correspondents, who, I think, did not succeed in showing it was good English. Now I propose to say something about the expression full up.' I do not continue X. Y. Z.'s title because I take one that is more definite. The earliest use of "full up" in print is, I presume, that quoted without reproof by Dr. Murray in the Oxford English Dictionary' under Full.' It is from the Daily News of 18 October, 1892, to the effect that a new cemetery was started as the old ones were "full up." The newspapers now commonly use these words. The Standard of 16 November, 1899, p. 5, col. 5, said that at Dover "most of the hotels were full up"; and the Daily Telegraph of 17 November, 1899, p. 3, col. 1, said, "As the month draws towards I presume "full up" was started by London omnibus and tram conductors, but fortunately the tram owners only put up the word "full" when the vehicle is choked up, as all are on a Bank holiday. It will be observed that when you have to call out "full" a number of times it is far easier to say "full up." Call out, I say. Why "out"? If we do not want "up," surely we do not want "out." But more of this presently. It seems our habit to duplicate some words, and as we do so the English grammar supports us. Thus "I myself" is justified for emphasis. I thought I recollected this in Lennie's 'Grammar' (edition of 1854), but it has no index, and after searching I have not been able to find it. I have been much interested, however, to observe the trouble that Lennie takes to disagree from and refute Lindley Murray's 'Grammar.' Lennie has several pages of "improper expressions"; needless to say that "full up" is not among them. There is little doubt that it is quite a new corruption. If we are going to insist on simple "full," should we not be consistent and leave off using all the other "ups" which custom has added to words? Hopeless, I fear, would such a thing be. We have added". up" for some time now. Thus, we have "go and have a brush up"-in fact, we see it written up in lavatories in London, "Wash and brush up, 2d.," though it is clear that what is wanted is a brush down. You are expected to 66 pay up" at once-that is, cash up, or, as some say, cash down. Observe the man is cleaning up the brass, which got filled up with dirt; it now looks crack up. The official notice cautions you not to "stand up" under the bridge. The bus is "followed up" (these words used in a note by F. N., 'N. & Q.,' 9th S. iii. 446) by another, or, as everybody prefers to say, another one. Hurry up or you will lose it. The cyclist says lighting-up time is seven o'clock. Lighting up also has the authority of the L.C.C. in their park notices about cycling. I am not learned in matters feminine, but I have been informed that Frenchwomen "gather up" their skirts very prettily to cross the road. "Gathered up is Scriptural, and is commonly used (Encyclo. Brit.,' ninth edition, 1882, vol. xiv. p. 510). I have had to dig up these instances from books, and tried not to double up the pages. In these days of travelling we are informed in "The Coach Horn, and what to Blow and How. By an Old Guard" (1887, p. 19), that all the coaches are well loaded up." I have lately (since X. Y. Z.'s note: I had never given the matter a thought before) read or heard all the examples I give used by professional men. A few days ago a Q.C., M.P., was telling me he had seen a lock-up shop to let." expressed some doubt, when he said it was I "labelled up" on the agent's printed placard. No doubt the instances I give of the unnecessary use of "up" will be duly "indexed up" by some one. 66 * Every day one sees similar expressions used in the works of contemporary writers, such as 66 'forward ""added on, on," opened out," "followed on." Bourdillon in 'I Tote Histoire de France,' 1897, says: "I cannot let this little work go out into the world." This we might "reduce down" to "go" only. Dean Alford in 'The Queen's English,' 1889, p. 5, says: 'nor, indeed, as late down as Elizabeth." The 'Penny Cyclopædia, 1842, vol. xxii. p. 412, says "extended out"; and Murray's Handbook for France,' 1844, p. 196, says "excavated out" of the rock. I thought dive meant to go down, and yet Wallace Dunlop, C.B., says "dive downwards" (PlateSwimming,' p. 56). The Times of 9 November, 1886, p. 10, col. 6, says, "by reason of the killing off of the clovers." Printed off (Wheatley, 'What is an Index?' p. 170) may, perhaps, be considered a technical expres sion, and may be "marked off." the last week's training the work should During be slackened down (Wilson, Swimming Instructor, 1883, p. 120). "Separating off" "Separating off" the English Church (Green's 'Short History,' p. 841, index, col. 1). The careful navigation was proved by his * A work beautifully printed, and yet its appear ance is entirely spoiled by the too frequent use of italics and several varieties of ugly types, and absurd over-punctuation. "slowing down." The following may be telegraphed on" to Somerset House. I am davit has to be sworn, but when the lawyer glad to observe that on their forms an affiwrites about it, he says it has to be “ to." sworn will he say to the misuse of the word " But if X. Y. Z. objects to "full up," what tiating"? The Encyclopædia Britannica,' negoninth edition, vol. xii., 1881, p. 197, says: "For the successful negotiation of brooks a bold horse is required." This instance shows this slang has been in use some time. The Standard, 4 March, 1899, p. 5, col. 6, says: fence." Is there anything in our language "His horse bolted when about to negotiate a more repulsive than this sporting English? One last instance. The Daily Telegraph of 18 January, 1899,* printed an article entitled Passenger." I should not hesitate to say this "Omnibus Stopping Places. By a Lady lady was dressed as a man. She says: "Fleet Street was negotiated at a walking pace with a 'slowing down' at Bouverie Street for a man alighting." language will go its own wayward way. I should like to be a purist, but fear the RALPH THOMAS. * I have to falsify all these dates; there is no issue of this paper so dated. literary manner January 18, 1899, instead of in It is dated in a a business-like way 18 January, 1899. The advanrent. Why nearly all our newspapers are dated tage of thus separating the two eighteens is appawith the month put before the day I cannot imagine. In his Modern English Biography,' with its thousands of dates, Mr. F. Boase has had to falsify all the newspaper dates; and I have found like to cite with accuracy-to do the same. myself compelled, much against my will-because I moreover, the sequence is not logical, as is day, form January 18, 1899, is very liable to error, and, The month, year. + Wrongly printed "Petersham" in Wright's and Cunningham's editions. Again, in a letter to the Countess of Ailesbury (vol. iii. p. 443), describing the procession of peeresses at the coronation of George III., Walpole says: "Lady Harrington was noble at a distance, and so covered with diamonds, that you would have thought she had bid somebody or other, like Falstaff, rob me the Exchequer." Caroline Fitzroy, Countess of Harrington, mentioned in the preceding extracts, was a conspicuous personage in the society of her day. Her adventures (not always of an edifying sort) were often the theme of Walpole's letters. In 1759 the object of her preference for the time being was evidently Lord Barrington, to judge from an anecdote related by Horace Walpole in a letter to Montagu of 23 December, 1759. He writes: "The cry in Ireland has been against Lord Hilsborough, supposing him to meditate an union of the two countries. George Selwyn seeing him t'other night between my Lady Harrington and Lord Barrington, said, Who can say that, my Lord Hilsborough is not an enemy to an union?"" The connexion between Lady Harrington and the Exchequer is not obvious at first sight, but is easily explained when it is remembered that Lord Barrington (whose penchant for Lady Harrington is hinted at above) had just been appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer. There is further allusion of the same kind in Walpole's letter to Conway of 10 April, 1761 (vol. iii. p. 393). Conway was on his way to join the army in Germany, and had left England accompanied by his wife, the Countess of Ailesbury. Walpole writes: "Don't let Lady Ailesbury proceed to Brunswick: you might have had a wife who would not have thought it so terrible to fall into the hands (arms) of hussars; but as I don't take that to be your Countess's turn, leave her with the Dutch, who are not so boisterous as Cossacks or Chancellors of the Exchequer." The wife that Conway "might have had" was no other than Lady Harrington, who, as Lady Caroline Fitzroy, had been the object of his youthful affections; so that here again the allusion is to her and Lord Barrington as the Chancellor of the Exchequer. This office Lord Barrington held from March, 1761, till May, 1762, within which period all the above allusions fall. No explanation of these allusions is attempted by any of the editors of the Letters.' "Mr. Conway (and I need say no more) has negotiated so well, that the Duke of Grafton is disposed to bring Mr. Beauclerk in for Thetford." The Mr. Beauclerk here in question was the Hon. Aubrey Beauclerk, son of Lord Vere of Hanworth, and afterwards fifth Duke of St. Albans. He entered Parliament in 1761 as member for Thetford, his colleague being General Conway, mentioned above. Walpole continues : "It will be expected, I believe, that Lord Vere should resign Windsor in a handsome manner to the Duke of Cumberland." Windsor here is the borough of New Windsor, apparently a pocket borough of the Beauclerk family. The members elected at this election were General the Hon. John Fitzwilliam and the Hon. Augustus Keppel. Walpole as "one of the Duke's military The first is elsewhere described by Horace spies"; the second was the brother of the Duke's' prime favourite, the Earl of Albemarle. It is therefore reasonable to suppose that the Duke nominated both members. The Windsor election took place on 25 March, that at Thetford on 28 March. The letter under consideration must therefore have been written, at any rate, before 25 March. It may be placed between Nos. 711 and 712 in vol. iii. Letter 794 (vol. iii. p. 511), addressed to George Montagu, is dated Wednesday night, 1 June, 1762. The original letter is dated only Wednesday night"; "1 June" was added by the editor of the quarto edition (1819) of the 'Letters to Montagu'; "1762" was added by Cunningham. As 1 June fell on Tuesday in 1762, the date 1 June is an impossibility. From the following considerations it appears that the letter was written on Wednesday, 30 June. 1. The letter begins "Since you left Strawberry," implying that Montagu had recently been there. In his letter to Montagu, dated Strawberry Hill, 8 June, 1762, Walpole writes: "He [Mr. Chute] gives me a good account of your health and spirits, but does not say when you come hither. I hope the General, as well as your brother John, know how welcome they would be if the end of this month, for the very beginning they would accompany you, I trust it will be before of July I am to make a little visit to Lord Ilchesters," &c. Letter 719 (vol. iii. p. 395), to the Countess of Suffolk, is dated "Friday night, April, 1761." The dates of the month and year do not appear in the original MS. They were added by Croker when the letter was first | It appears from these passages that Montagu |