1814 Peace signed, June 2. The Sovereigns of Russia and Prussia visited London, June 6. 1815 Peace with America. Buonaparte returns from Elba to Paris without opposition and resumes the Louis the XVIII. retires to Lille, and afterwards to Ghent. The Allies issue a Declaration against Buonaparte, and march into France. 1815 Buonaparte entirely routed by the Duke of Wellington, June 18th at Louis the XVIII. returns to Paris. The Duke of Wellington enters Paris. Buonaparte surrenders to the British and is sent to St. Helena. Bef. Ch. MEN OF LEARNING AND GENIUS. 907 HOMER, the first prophane writer and Greek poet, flourished. Pope. Hesiod, the Greek poet, supposed to live near the time of Homer. Cooke. 884 Lycurgus, the Spartan lawgiver. 600 Sappho, the Greek lyric poetess, fl. Fawkes. 558 Solon, lawgiver of Athens. 556 Æsop, the first Greek fabulist. Croxal. 548 Thales, the first Greek astronomer and geographer. 497 Pythagoras, founder of the Pythagorean philosophy in Greece. Rowe. 474 Anacreon, the Greek lyric poet. Fawkes, Addison. 456 Eschylus, the first Greek tragic poet. Potter. 435 Pindar, the Greek lyric poet. West. 413 Herodotus, of Greece, the first writer of prophane history. Littlebury. 407 Aristophanes, the Greek comic poet, fl. White. Euripides, the Greek tragic poet. Woodhull. 406 Sophocles, ditto. Franklin, Potter. Confucius the Chinese philosopher, fl. 400 Socrates, the founder of moral philosophy in Greece. 391 Thucydides, the Greek historian. Smith, Hobbes. 361 Hippocrates, the Greek physician. Clifton. Democritus, the Greek philosopher. 359 Xenophon,the Greek philosopher and historian. Smith, Spelman, Askley, Fielding. 348 Plato, the Greek philosopher, and disciple of Socrates. Sydenham. 336 Isocrates the Greek orator. Dimsdale. 332 Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, and disciple of Plato. Hobbes. 313 Demosthenes, the Athenian orator, poisoned himself. Leland, Francis. 288 Theophrastus, the Greek philosopher, and scholar of Aristotle. Budget. 285 Theocritus, the first Greek pastoral poet, fl. Fawkes. 277 Euclid, of Alexandria, in Egypt, the mathematician, fi. R. Simpson. 270 Epicurus, founder of the Epicurean philosophy in Greece. Digby. 261 Xeno, founder of the Stoic philosophy in ditto. 244 Callimachus, the Greek elegiac poet. 208 Archimedes, the Greek geometrician. 184 Plautus, the Roman comic poet. Thornton. 159 Terence, of Carthage, the Latin comic poet. Colman. 155 Diogenes, of Babylon, the Stoic philosopher. 124 Polybius, of Greece, the Greek and Roman historian. Hampton. 54 Lucretius 54 Lucretius, the Roman poet. Creech. 44 Julius Cæsar, the Roman historian and commentator killed. Duncan. Diodorus Siculus, of Greece, the universal historian, fl. Booth. Vitruvius, the Roman architect, fl. 43 Cicero, the Roman orator and philosopher, put to death. Guthrie, Melmoth. Cornelius Nepos, the Roman biographer, fl. Rowe. 34 Sallust, the Roman historian. Gordon, Rose. 30 Dionysius, of Halicarnassus, the Roman historian, fl. Spelman. 19 Virgil, the Roman epic poet. Dryden, Pitt, Warton. 11 Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius, Roman poets. Grainger, Dart. 8 Horace, the Roman lyric and satyric poet. Francis. A.C. 17 Livy, the Roman historian. Ray. 19 Ovid, the Roman elegiac poet. Garth. 20 Celsus, the Roman philosopher and physician, fl. Crieve. 25 Strabo, the Greek geographer. 33 Phædrus, the Roman fabulist. Smart. 45 Paterculus, the Roman historian, fl. Newcombe. 62 Persius, the Roman satyric poet. Brewster. 64 Quintius Curtius, a Roman historian of Alexander the Great, fl. Digby. Seneca of Spain, the philosopher and tragic poet, put to death. L'Estrange. 65 Lucan, the Roman epic poet, ditto. Rowe. Holland. Mrs. Carter. 79 Pliny the elder, the Roman natural historian. Lucius Florus, of Spain, the Roman historian, fl. 99 Tacitus, the Roman historian. Gordon. 104 Martial, of Spain, the epigrammatic poet. Hay. Valerius Flaccus, the Roman epic poet. 116 Pliny the younger, historical letters, Melmoth, Orrery. 117 Suetonius, the Roman historian. Hughes. 119 Plutarch of Greece, the biographer. Dryden, Langhorne. 128 Juvenal, the Roman satyric poet. Dryden. 140 Ptolemy, the Egyptian geographer, mathematician, and astronomer, fl. 150 Justin, the Roman historian, fl. Turnbull. 161 Arrian, the Roman historian and philosopher, fl. Rooke. 167 Justin, of Samaria, the oldest Christian author after the apostles. 180 Lucian, the Roman philologer. Dimsdale, Dryden, Franklin. Marcus Aur. Antoninus, Roman emperor and philosopher. Collier, Elphinstone. 193 Galen, the Greek philosopher and physician. 200 Diogenes Laertius, the Greek biographer, fl. 229 Don Cassius, of Greece, the Roman historian, fl. 254 Origen, a Christian father, of Alexandria. Herodian, of Alexandria, the Roman historian. fl. Hart. 258 Cyprian, of Carthage, suffered martyrdom. Marshal. 273 Longinus, the Greek orator, put to death by Aurelian. Smith. 320 Lactantius, a father of the church, fl. 336 Arius, a priest of Alexandria, founder of the sect of Arians. 342 Eusebius, the ecclesiastical historian and chronologer. Hanmer. 379 Basil, Bishop of Cæsaria. 389 Gregory Nazianzen, bishop of Constantinople. 397 Ambrose, bishop of Milan. 415 Macrobius, the Roman grammarian. 428 Eutropius, the Roman historian. 524 Boethius, the Roman poet, and Platonic philosopher. Bellamy, Preston. 529 Procopius of Cæsarea, the Roman historian. Holcroft. Here Here ends the illustrious list of ancient, or, as they are styled, Classic authors, for whom mankind are indebted to Greece and Rome, those two great theatres of human glory but it will ever be regretted, that a small part only of their writings have come to our hands. This was owing to the barbarous policy of those fierce illiterate pagans, who, in the fifth century, subverted the Roman empire, and in which practices they were joined soon after by the Saracens, or followers of Mahomet. Constantinople alone had escaped the ravages of the barbarians; and to the few literati who sheltered themselves within its walls, is chiefly owing the preservation of those valuable remains of antiquity. To learning, civility, and refinement, succeeded worse than Gothic ignorance-the superstition and buffoonery of the church of Rome; Europe therefore produces few names worthy of record during the space of a thousand years; 'a period which historians, with great propriety, denominate the dark or Gothic ages. The invention of printing contributed to the revival of learning in the sixteenth century, from which memorable æra a race of men have sprung up in a new soil, France, Germany, and Britain; who, if they do not exceed, at least equal, the greatest geniuses of antiquity. Of these our own countrymen have the reputation of the first rank, with whose names we shall finish our list. A. C. 735 Bede, a priest of Northumberland; History of the Saxons, Scots, &c. 901 King Alfred; history, philosophy, and poetry. 1259 Matthew Paris, monk of St. Alban's; History of England. 1292 Roger Bacon, Somersetshire; natural philosophy. 1308 John Fordun, a priest of Mearns-shire; History of Scotland. 1400 Geoffrey Chaucer, London; the father of English poetry. 1402 John Gower, Wales; the poet. 1535 Sir Thomas More, London; history, politics, divinity. 1552 John Leland, London; lives and antiquities. 1568 Roger Ascham, Yorkshire; philology and polite literature. 1572 Rev. John Knox, the Scotch reformer; history of the church of Scotland. 1582 George Buchanan, Dumbartonshire; History of Scotland, Psalms of David, politics, &c. 1598 Edmund Spenser, London; Fairy Queen, and other poems. 1615-25 Beaumont and Fletcher; 53 dramatic pieces. 1616 William Shakespeare, Stratford; tragedies and comedies. 162 John Napier, of Marcheston, Scotland; discoverer of logarithms. 1623 William Camden, London; history and antiquities. 1626 Lord Chancellor Bacon, London; natural philosophy, literature in general. 1634 Lord Chief Justice Coke, Norfolk; laws of England. 1638 Ben Jonson, London; 53 dramatic pieces. 1641 Sir Henry Spelman, Norfolk; laws and antiquities. 1654 John Selden, Sussex; antiquities and laws. 1657 Dr. William Harvey, Kent; discovered the circulation of the blood. 1667 Abraham Cowley, London; miscellaneous poetry. 1674 John Milton, London; Paradise Lost, Regained, and various other pieces in verse and prose. Hyde, earl of Clarendon, Wiltshire; History of the Civil Wars in England. 1675 James Gregory, Aberdeen; mathematics, geometry, and optics. 1677 Reverend Dr. Isaac Barrow, London; natural philosophy, mathematics, and sermons. 1680 Samuel Butler, Worcestershire; Hudibras, a burlesque poem. 1685 Thomas Otway, London; 10 tragedies and comedies, with other poems. 1687 Edmund Waller, Bucks; poems, speeches, letters, &c. 1688 Dr. Ralph Cudworth, Somersetshire; Intellectual System. 1689 Dr. Thomas Sydenham, Dorsetshire; History of Physic. 1690 Nathaniel Lee, London; 11 tragedies. Robert Barclay, Urie; Apology for the Quakers. 1691 Hon. Robert Boyle; natural and experimental philosophy and theology 1691 Sir 1691 Sir George M'Kenzie, Dundee; Antiquities and Laws of Scotland, 1694 John Tillotson, archbishop of Canterbury, Halifax, 254 sermons. 1697 Sir William Temple, London; politics and polite literature. 1701 John Dryden, Northamptonshire; 27 tragedies and comedies, satiric poems, Virgil. 1704 John Locke, Somersetshire; philosophy, government, and theology. 1705 John Ray, Essex; botany, natural philosophy, and divinity. 1707 George Farquhar, Londonderry; eight comedies. 1713 Ant. Ash. Cowper, earl of Shaftsbury; Characteristics. 1714 Gilbert Burnet, Edinburgh, bishop of Salisbury; history, biography, divinity, &c. 1718 Nicholas Rowe, Devonshire; 7 tragedies, translation of Lucan's Pharsalia. 1719 Rev. John Flamsteed, Derbyshire; mathematics and astronomy. Joseph Addison, Wiltshire; Spectator, Guardian, poems, politics. 1721 Matthew Prior, London; poems and politics. 1724 William Wollaston, Staffordshire; religion of nature delineated. 1727 Sir Isaac Newton, Lincolnshire; mathematics, optics. geometry, astronomy, 1729 Rev. Dr. Samuel Clarke, Norwich; mathematics, divinity, &c. Sir Richard Steele, Dublin; four comedies, papers in Tatler, &c. 1729 William Congreve, Staffordshire; seven dramatic pieces. 1732 John Gay, Exeter; poems, fables, and eleven dramatic pieces. 1734 Dr. John Arbuthnot; Mearns-shire; medicine, coins, politics. 1742 Dr. Edmund Halley; natural philosophy, astronomy, navigation. Dr. Richard Bentley, Yorkshire; classical learning, criticism. 1744 Alexander Pope, London; poems, letters, translation of Homer. 1745 Rev. Dr. Jonathan Swift, Dublin; poems, politics, and letters. 1746 Colin M'Laurin, Argyleshire; Algebra, View of Newton's Philosophy. 1748 James Thomson, Roxburghshire; Seasons, and other poems, five tragedies. Rev. Dr. Isaac Watts, Southampton; logic, philosophy, psalms, hymns, sermons, &c. Dr. Francis Hutcheson, Ayrshire; System of Moral Philosophy. 1750 Rev. Dr. Conyers, Middleton, Yorkshire; life of Cicero, &c. Andrew Baxter, Old Aberdeen; metaphysics and natural philosophy. 1751 Henry St. John, Lord Bolingbroke, Surrey; philosophy, metaphysics, and politics. Dr. Alexander Monro, Edinburgh; anatomy of the human body. 1754 Dr. Richard Mead, London, on poisons, plague, small-pox, medicine, precepts. Henry Fielding, Somersetshire; Tom Jones, Joseph Andrews, &c. 1757 Colley Cibber, London; 25 tragedies and comedies. 1761 Thomas Sherlock, bishop of London; 69 sermons, &c. Benjamin Hoadley, bishop of Winchester; sermons and controversy. Samuel Richardson, London; Grandison, Clarissa, Pamela. Rev. Dr. John Leland, Lancashire; Answer to Deistical Writers. 1765 Rev. Dr. Edward Young; Night Thoughts, and other poems, three tragedies. Robert Simpson, Glasgow; Conic Sections, Euclid, Apollonius. 1768 Reverend Lawrence Sterne; 45 Sermons, Sentimental Journey, Tristram Shandy. 1769 Robert Smith, Lincolnshire; harmonics and optics. 1770 Rev. Dr. Jortin; Life of Erasmus, Ecclesiastical History, and Sermons. Dr. Mark Akenside, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; poems. Dr. Tobias Smollet, Dumbartonshire; History of England, novels, transla tions. 1771 Thomas Gray, Professor of Modern History, Cambridge; pocms. 1773 Philip Dormer Stanhope, earl of Chesterfield; letters.. George, Lord Lyttelton, Worcestershire; History of England. 1774 Oliver 1774 Oliver Goldsmith; poems, essays, and other pieces. Zachary Pearce, bishop of Rochester; Annotations on the New Testament, &c. 1775 Dr. John Hawkesworth; essays. 1776 David Hume, Merse; History of England, and Essays. James Ferguson, Aberdeenshire; astronomy. 1777 Samuel Foote, Cornwall; plays. 1779 David Garrick, Hereford; plays, &c. William Warburton, bishop of Gloucester; Divine Legation of Moses, and various other works. 1780 Sir William Blackstone, Judge of the court of Common Pleas, London; Commentaries on the Laws of England. Dr. John Fothergill, Yorkshire; philosophy and medicine. James Harris; Hermes, Philological Inquiries, and Philosophical Arrange ments. 1782 Thomas Newton, bishop of Bristol, Litchfield; Discourses on the Prophecies, and other works. Sir John Pringle, bart. Roxburghshire; Diseases of the Army. Henry Home, Lord Kaimes, Scotland; Elements of Criticism, Sketches of the history of man. 1783 Dr. William Hunter, Lanerkshire; anatomy. Dr. Benjamin Kennicott; Hebrew Version of the Bible, theological tracts. 1784 Dr. Thomas Morell; Editor of Ainsworth's Dictionary, Hedericus's Lexicon, and some Greek tragedies. Dr. Samuel Johnson, Litchfield; English Dictionary, biography, essays, poetry. Died December 13, aged 71. 1785 William Whitehead, Poet Laureat; poems and plays. Died April 14. Reverend Richard Burn, LL.D. author of the Justice of Peace, Ecclesiasti cal Laws, &c. Died Nov. 20. Richard Glover, Esq. Leonidas, Medea, &c. Died November 25. 1786 Jonas Hanway, Esq. travels, miscellaneous. Died Sept. 5, aged 74. 1787 Dr. Robert Lowth, bishop of London; criticism, divinity, grammar. Died November 3. Soame Jenyns, Esq. Internal Evidence of the Christian Religion, and other pieces. Died December 18. 1788 James Stuart, Esq; celebrated by the name of "Athenian Stuart." Died Feb. 1. Thomas Gainsborough, Esq; the celebrated painter. Died August 2. Thomas Sheridan, Esq; English Dictionary, works on education, elocution, &c. Died August 14. William Julius Mickle, Esq; translator of the Lusiad. Died October 25. 1789 Dr. William Cullen; Practice of Physic, Materia Medica, &c. February 5. 1790 Benjamin Franklin, Esq. Boston, New England; electricity, natural philoso phy, miscellanies. Died April 17. Rev. Thomas Warton, B. D. Poet Laureat; History of English Poetry, poems. Died April 21. Dr. Adam Smith, Scotland; Moral Sentiments, Inquiry into the Wealth of Nations. John Howard, Esq. Middlesex; Account of Prisons and Lazarettos, &c. 1791 Reverend Dr. Richard Price, Glamorganshire; on Morals, Providence, Civil Liberty, Annuities, Reversionary Payments, Sermons, &c. Died Feb. 1, aged 68. Dr. Thomas Blacklock, Annandale; Poems, Consolations from natural and revealed Religion. Died July, aged 70. 1792 Sir Joshua Reynolds, Devonshire; President of the Royal Academy of Painting; Discourses on Painting delivered before the Academy. Died Febru ary 23, aged 68. John Smeaton, Yorkshire; Civil Engineer; Mechanics, Edystone Lighthouse, 1793 Reverend |