searches, however, in various works on voyages and travels, I have not been able to ascertain the existence of domestic cats in the north-western or western parts of Africa, or in the islands off their coasts-though of the prodigious number of rats there is ample evidence. See Purchas' Pilgrims, vol. i. p. 573., &c.; vol. ii. p. 6.; vol. v. p. 216. I cannot agree with MR. KEIGHTLEY that the author of the article on Madeira, in Rees's Cyclopædia, gives no authorities for his statements; neither that the discoveries of Macham are a false romance, nor that, if true, they have nothing to do with the question. Allow me to quote from Rees, the romantic, but not therefore necessarily the less true, story of Machin's discovery (not Macham, as erroneously written in Hackluyt's Voyages):

"One Machin, an Englishman of obscure birth, had fallen in love with a young damsel called Anne d'Arset, of exquisite beauty and of a noble family; which disdaining so low an alliance, though Machin had gained her affections, obtained a warrant from the king to keep him in prison until the lady was persuaded to marry a nobleman, who took her immediately to his seat near Bristol. Machin, being some time afterwards released, found means to convey the lady on board a vessel provided to carry them to France. When they were far at sea, a storm arose, and they were tossed for thirteen days on the waves out of sight of land. At length they perceived something that appeared like an island overgrown with wood. The ship soon came to anchor; and Machin and the lady, with a few attendants, went on shore. In the course of the night a tempest drove the vessel from her anchor, and carried her to the coast of Barbary, where she was wrecked, and the seamen made captives by the Moors. The lady, affected by this disaster, died in a short time, and Machin through grief soon followed her. Their attendants, rendered desperate by the loss of their conductor, quitted the island; and betaking themselves to their open boat, put out to sea, without knowing what course to steer. After a series of adventures, they fell in with a Spaniard, who, delighted with their story, communicated it to Gonzalves Zargo, sent out by the King of Portugal on a voyage of discovery, and prevailed upon him to sail in search of the island, who in a little time

found it.

"This story, though unnoticed by De Barros *, the Livy of the Portuguese, is not only authenticated by a contemporary historian, but after a very minute inquiry of the late Rev. Mr. Roberts, we are assured stands on as fair a foundation as any other historical fact. The gentleman we allude to being a clergyman of the Roman Catholic persuasion, and a native of Oporto, had the most favourable opportunities of ascertaining the fact, which diligence, knowledge of the languages, and access to every library, could afford him, and he expressed his firm persuasion that the legend of Machin was, if not in all, at least in most respects true. At Macheco, a town in the eastern extremity of the island, a small chapel was shown, of which the following was the history given by the inhabitants. That the Englishman (Machin), on the demise of his wife, had erected a cross, with an inscription, requesting, that should hereafter any Christian by chance resort to the island, a chapel might be built in which masses should be performed for the soul of his Anne: that the

De Barros, doubtless, did not wish the credit of the discovery to belong to any but the Portuguese,

"The Infant Don Henry, Count de Visco, was a Prince endowed with all the great qualities that distinguish heroes from other men. He had shown his courage in his youth in the wars against the Moors. He resolved, therefore, to make himself master of the Canaries, which were then in the hands of Maciot de Betancourt; who held them under a grant from the King of Castille (this grant we learn elsewhere was made in 1348, before Whittington was born), and who for a valuable consideration made over his right to the Prince Henry, about the year 1406."

I must still, therefore, adhere to my view, that these islands and the opposite coast were known and traded to by our countrymen before Whittington's time. And as the tale does not pretend to point out the exact spot of the cat adventure, we have the whole of the coast of Barbary, Morocco, the Western Islands, Madeira and the Canaries, open for our speculation: the latter having been known to Pliny, who says they were called Canaries from canis, a dog-there being an immense number of dogs in the island (he is silent on the subject of cats). I am not aware that the tale describes the exact type of black man, over whom the renowned king reigned. I am not, therefore, limited to negroes, as MR. KEIGHTLEY Would limit me; nor am I bound to show, as he suggests, that English ships reached Senegal at that early date, as I have said nothing about that country. The tale says the king of the country, to which Fitzwarren's ship traded, was black and so he would have been, whether he were an inhabitant of Barbary, Morocco, Madeira, or the Canaries, the degree of blackness not being stated; they were all more or less black, if not of the negro type. The Machins are a very old Gloucestershire family, still resident in the county, some in affluence, others in an humble sphere still living in the neighbourhood of Bristol-the scene of Robert Machin's elopement; some of them on the very property which at that period belonged to the Fitzwarrens. It would be interesting to trace whether Hugh Fitzwarren sent his venture out on hearing of his neighbour's discovery. We read, in Rymer's Fadera, that John Maykyn, or Machin, was Captain of one of Edw. III's ships in 1352. Robert was, possibly, his son.

In reply to your correspondent A. A., I need only say, that if he had read The Model Merchant, he would have seen in p. 43., and note thereto, an account of the engraved portrait of Sir Richard

The

Whittington, to which he alludes. I fear I have tired your patience; and though I don't hope to change MR. KEIGHTLEY'S opinions, I am anxious that the public should judge between us. cat story is, after all, but an episode in Whittington's life; and one is sorry that even the semblance of a fable should for so many years have caused the biography of so noble a man to appear like a myth. I have done my humble endeavours to rescue him from that position, and I rejoice to find that my labours have been generally well received by a discerning public. SAMUEL LYSONS. Hempsted Court.

RICHARD, SEVENTH EARL OF ANGLESEY.

(2nd S. xi. 74. 235.)

The account given by S. S. differs in many particulars from what is to be found in Debrett and elsewhere; but from the whole tenour of the communication it is clear that the Lord Anglesey therein spoken of was Richard, the sixth Earl, who died in 1761; and I find nothing in any part of the statement to countenance the supposition that this sixth Earl had a son Richard by any wife of his, whether lawful or otherwise.

It would be very satisfactory to have some further information respecting the three daughters of Anne Simpson, some of whose descendants are stated by S. S. to be still in existence. On the 11th June, 1765, Lady Juliana Annesley was married to Frederick Flood, but, from her name, it is probable that she was daughter of Juliana Donovan, the mother of Arthur Annesley.

This Arthur, son of the sixth Earl by Juliana Donovan, was admitted by the Irish House of Lords to sit as eighth Viscount Valentia. He also claimed to be seventh Earl of Anglesey in England, and on the 10th of May, 1767, he married Lucy, daughter of George, first Lord Lyttelton. His claim to the earldom was disallowed by the House of Lords; but the statement of S. S., that on hearing the result of the inquiry Lord Lyttelton fell down dead, appears to require confirmation.

1st. In the first place, this statement necessarily supposes that Lord Lyttelton's death followed close upon the heels of the decision. When the case was decided I do not exactly know, but I presume it must have been while Parliament was sitting. Now Lord Lyttelton died on the 22nd of August, 1773, and at that time Parliament had been prorogued upwards of six weeks.

2nd. Besides which there has fortunately been preserved an account of Lord Lyttelton's last illness, written by the physician who attended him (Dr. Johnson of Kidderminster), in a letter addressed to Mrs. Montagu, from which I extract the following passage:—

"On the evening when the symptoms of death came

on, he said, 'I shall die, but it will not be your fault." When Lord and Lady Valentia came to see his lordship, he gave them his solemn benediction and said, 'Be good, be virtuous, my Lord; you must come to this.' Thus he continued giving his dying benedictions to all around him. On Monday morning a lucid interval gave some small hopes, but these vanished in the evening, and be continued dying, but with very little uneasiness, till Tuesday morning, August 22nd, when between seven and eight o'clock he expired, almost without a groan.' -Collins's Peerage, by Brydges, vol. viii. p. 355.

How different (not in circumstance only, but still more in character and complexion) is the account thus given at the time by an eye-witness, from the statement which, after the lapse of more than fourscore years, is now put forward by S.S.

The correspondence of Lord Lyttelton during the last few years of his life, if preserved, would question. probably throw further light on the Annesley MELETES.

PRONUNCIATION OF COLERIDGE.

(2nd S. xi. 178. 233.)

Although it is most probable that the Coleridge family derived their name from Coleridge in Devon, yet it is by no means certain that the place itself was not first named from them; for inasmuch as the German reich, ric, frequently changes into ridge, the surname may be derived from the German name Waldric, "powerful ruler." If, however, "Coleridge" is a local surname, it is most probably from Waldridge," the woody ridge." The O.-G. wald, sylva, wall, potens, validus, dominans, imperans, præfectus, administrator (walten, posse, regere, dominari, administrare), in composition and otherwise, assumes the several forms of cald, cold, colt, cole, could, gal, gaud, gould, and wood; thus Waldric is the same with the O.-G. Goldericus or Goldric, whence Goldridge, Couldery, Couldrey, Couldry. Fr. Gaudry. From the like root are the names Colt, Gold, Goold, Gould, Goult, Goldie, Goultie, Waldie, O.-G. Waldo, and the It. diminutive Goldoni. There is also Waldwin, "powerful warrior," whence Walwyn, Walwin, and Goldwin; Waldfrid or Galfridus (the inverse of Frithwald), "powerful protector," or "rich in peace."

Augustin de Lara gives the following anecdote on the name Calderon. He says:

"The Calderons received this name in the thirteenth century from the circumstance that one of the family, who was prematurely born and was supposed to be dead, was only ascertained to be alive from being unceremoniously thrown into a cauldron (calderón) of warm water. As he proved to be a great man, and was much favoured by St. Ferdinand and Alfonso the Wise, his nickname became a name of honour, and five cauldrons were, from that time, borne in the family arms."

I take it, however, that the name Calderon is the same with the O.-G. Waldrun, variously written Goldrum and Coldrum, signifying “power

ful friend." This derivation from the German is confirmed by the fact that the mother of the illustrious dramatist was of a noble family from the Low Countries. Again, the local name Goldhanger (Essex) has no reference to the metal, but is rather a corruption of Wald-hanger, i. e. woodhanger, and Cold-harbour is doubtless from wald, harbour. Farther, the words wood, wald, weald, wold, coal, and the N. coet, coed, are probably merely different orthographies of the same word. We have at least 2000 surnames from this root, wald, walt. R. S. CHARNOCK.

"The rites deriv'd from ancient days, With thoughtless reverence we praise; The rites that taught us to combine The joys of music and of wine," &c.; and also Dr. Joseph Warton's imitation of the same passage, "Queen of every moving measure. "It is strange that Johnson's translation should not have been previously admitted into his Works. It was originally given by Dr. Burney in the 2nd vol. of his Hist. of Music, who states that he was "obliged to a learned friend for this elegant transSavage's Librarian (1808), where both the oriIt appeared also in a periodical work, ginal Greek and the translation are engraved as specimens of Porson's exquisite penmanship. The most trifling criticism of that scholar is worth attention, I therefore give two lines as he has transcribed them:

4.

The manuscript from which Birch printed is now Additional MS., British Museum, 4460., art. L. B. SONNET, "WHAT IS OUR LIFE?" (2nd S. xi. 226.) This is contained, with the music, in Orlando Gibbons's First Set of Madrigals and Mottets of 5 Parts: apt for Viols and Voyces. 4to. London, 1612; reprinted (in score) by the Musical Antiquarian Society, folio. London, 1841. As there are several variations between the poem as there given and the copy sent by your correspondent, I have thought it worth while to transcribe it:

DR. JOHNSON'S WORKS (2nd S. xi. 269.) Had MR. GREAVES's explicit statement called for any confirmation, it is in my power to afford it, but he has named correctly the gentleman who superintended the edition of Johnson's Works, published in 1825, in eleven 8vo. volumes. I possess a memorandum given me by the late Mr. Pickering, one of the publishers of this edition, in these words "Edited by Francis Walesby, M.A. of Lincoln College, Oxford, Anglo-Saxon Professor." This note is preserved on the titlepage of the first volume. It was on my sugges

Norcall'd them to the gloomy cells
Or

Where want repines, and vengeance swells."
Nor is given by Burney.

In reply to your correspondent's Query, “Whether Talboys ever published Boswell's Life of Johnson ?" I may mention that an edition of this work, published by Pickering, Talboys, and Wheeler, in four vols. 8vo., appeared in 1826. J. H. MARKLAND.

Bath.

CARDONNEL FAMILY (2nd S. x. 239. 456.)-The following extract, from Dr. Carlyle's amusing account of himself and his times, will be interesting to some of your correspondents, who have made inquiries respecting this family:

"The other person was Mansfelt Cardonnel, Esq., Commissioner of the Customs. His father, Adam de Cardonnel (for they were French Protestants by descent), had been secretary to the Duke of Schomberg, who was killed at the battle of the Boyne at the age of eighty. He had been affronted the day before by King William not having entrusted him as usual with his plan of the battle, as Adam de Cardonnel told his son. Another brother, James, was secretary to the Duke of Marlborough, and had made a large fortune. His daughter and heiress was Lady Talbot, mother of Lord Dynevor. My friend's mother was a natural daughter of the Duke of Monmouth; and as he was by some other line related to Waller, the poet, he used to boast of being descended from the usurper as well as the royal heir. He was not understanding, and was a man of great honour and ina man of much depth or genius, but he had a right sound tegrity, and the most agreeable companion that ever was. He excelled in story telling, like his great-grandfather Charles the 2nd; but he seldom or ever repeated them, and indeed had such a collection as served to season

every conversation, on a very limited income he lived

very hospitably. He had many children, but only one

There is an error in the last line: for "Sooth" should read "Smooth the brow of dumb despair.”

we