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SOME ACCOUNT OF THE LIFE, WRITINGS, AND CHARACTER OF DR. SWIFT. (Continued from p. 3.) After this loss of his great friend and tutor in politics, Swift went to London, and apply'd to King William, by way of petition, for a prebend of Westminster or Canterbury; one of which had been promis'd to him, on the sollicitation of his late friend. La Romney promis'd him to second his petition, but (as he suppos'd), never spoke a word about it. He also dedicated Sr Wm Temple's Works to the kings, but without any effect. This made him accept of an invitation from the Earl of Berkely, Lord Justice of Ireland, in conjunction with my Lord Galway, to attend him to that kingdom, as his Chaplain and private Secretary. He acted in both those capacities during the time of the journey, and expected to be establisht in them when they came to Dublin, but was workt out of the secretaryship by one 1 Mr. Swift, p. 106. 2 Dr. Swift's own account, p. 50. 3 Mr. Swift, p. 106. + Dr. Swift's own account, p. 51.' 5 Lives of the Poets, vol. v. p. 82. • Ib., and Mr. Swift, p. 110. 6 1 Bush. After they had been there some months, the Deanery of Derry became vacant2, and it was the Earl of Berkeley's turn to dispose of it.3 Swift expected it, but was put off with some livings, which bore but a small proportion to the value of the Deanery. These were the Rectory of Aghar, united to the Vicarages of Laracor and Rathbeggan, in the diocess of Meath 5, and were all together worth about 260l. a year. He himself supposed that this disappointment, too, was owing to the management of Secretary Bush; but others say that Dr King (then Bishop of Derry), remonstrated against him, as too young and too volatile, for the dignity and duties belonging to so great a Deanery. When Swift went down to his livings, he us'd to reside at Laracor, and lived there in a very exemplary manner. No body had more of True Christianity than he; and tual, except in two or three instances (which may even as to the forms, he was very exact and puncbe better given when we come to his character), when his humour seems to have run away with the general decency of his behavior. 7 About a year after his being presented to these livings, Swift took his Doctor's Degree, and pass'd the seven or eight following years, sometimes at Laracor, and sometimes at Dublin (where he was much at the Castle during L Berkeley's government), and now and then indulg'd himself with a trip into England. I imagine that latterly these grew more frequent. If his papers under the character of Bickerstaff were written here, he must have been with us both in 1708 and in 1709; and the next year he began the longest visit that he ever made to England after the death of St William Temple. In the autumn of 1710 Dr Swift was empowered by the clergy of Ireland to transact an affair for them, which was of considerable consequence to that nation. About seven years before, Queen Anne' had been so good as to give up the first fruits and tenths of the clergy of England, in order to make a fund for augmenting the smaller livings: this incited the clergy of Ireland to request that their first fruits and twentieth parts might, in the same manner, be given up by the crown, and apply'd toward purchasing glebes, and building residentiary houses for their poor-endow'd vicars. Swift, in the very beginning of this transaction, show'd his address, and great capacity for business. He 1 Dr. Swift's own account, p. 52. 2 Hawksworth, p. 14. 3 This was in the year 1700. Mr. Swift's note to Dr. Swift's own account, p. 52. 4 Dr. Swift, ibid. 5 Mr. Swift, p. 115. 6 Mr. Swift, p. 113., Lives of the Poets, v. 88. 7 Mr. Swift. 8 Mr. Hawksworth, p. 17. See the Act of Parliament for the making more effectual her Majesty's Gracious Intentions for the Augmentation of the Maintenance of the Poor Clergy, in the second year of her reign. ehose to apply to the La Treasurer Oxford', who had been concern'd in obtaining the former favor for the English clergy. He got himself recommended to him as one who had been ill us'd by the Whig ministry. He was for applying solely to that lord; and when he himself desired him to communicate it to others, endeavour'd to seem to him to do it only in form; but that his whole trust was only in him. By these means he got that affair compleated in a little more than a month, to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. No one of the writers that I follow has mentioned any particular case, that I remember, in which Swift was ill used by the Whig Ministry, but it is not difficult to collect from them, why he (who had a full notion of his own merit, and as high a detestation of ingratitude) might think himself ill us'd, by some of the chiefs of them. He had written a piece in 17014 in defence of the Las Somers and Halifax 5, and some other of King William's favourites, when they were pursu'd with so much warmth in the House of Commons. This he himself (as well as his cosin 6 Swift) might think deserv'd some preferment for him in England, or some promotion in Ireland. As he got neither from any of them, this might be provocation enough to him to make him quit their party. However that be, in 1708, he wrote several things, which his cosin says 7 were design'd covertly against the Whig Administration. So that if the Doctor did not go to London in 1710, "with a design of attaching himself to the Tory ministers," he, at least, came pretty well prepared for it. The Lord Treasurer either saw so much in Dr. Swift, in their first interviews, or had entertain'd so high an opinion of him before, that he (and he was joined for this, by some other chiefs of the ministry, and particularly by La Bolingbroke), seems to have courted him to act with them, in a most uncommon manner, and he was of singular service to them by his writings, in the four last years of Queen Anne's reign; and would perhaps have been of yet more by his advice toward the close of it, had their private interests and enmities allow'd them to listen to him. They received him, from the very first, with a great deal of obligingness and condescension, and enter'd into a strong friendship, and a great deal of openness wth him, which encreased afterwards to such a height with La Oxford in particular, that perhaps there never was any poet received by a first minister into so intimate and familiar an acquaintance as Swift was by that lord, unless, perhaps, we are to except Horace's intimacy with Mæcenas. Of the two most favourite writers of the people at that time [1710], Steele was very warmly engaged in the interest of the Whigs; and Addison, tho' either more cool or more cautious, was on the same side. A little before Swift's transactions with La Oxford, that weekly paper, called the Examiner, began to be publisht in defence of the Tory ministers and their schemes, and the chief writers of it were Prior and Oldisworth'; the former of whom was much fitter for telling a story in a lively manner in verse, than either for writing prose in general, or for controversial writings in particular; and the other never rose above the character of a mediocre writer, either in prose or verse. The ministry wanted some abler hand to defend so difficult a cause as theirs, and they found everything that they wanted in Dr Swift. This their distress, and his known abilities, may account perhaps for all the uncommon civilities and condescension which they show'd toward him. Swift, soon after his being wholy won to them by their behaviour, took their pen from those who were at first employ'd to write the Examiners, and kept it in his own hands 2 for above half a year, and maintained their cause in several very material pieces, and some very slight ones (as his manner was), for nobody argued more solidly, or jested more frivolously, than he, throughout all the remaining part of the queen's reign. What these were, will be more fully seen when we come to give the list of his writings. Just after be had compleated his part in the Examiner [1711], Swift began writing his Conduct of the Allies, and published it toward the close of the November following. This took so greatly, that there was a second edition of it within less than a week, which, tho' of 5000, sold off in 5 hours. This was in opposition to Steele's Crisis: had but too great an effect on the nation, and was of singular service in the support of that ministry and their measures. His Advice to the Members of the October Club (a set of above a hundred Tory Members of Parliament, who met frequently together, and were consulting how to carry on things with more violence than was 1 Dr. Friend, Atterbury, St. John, and W. Oldisworth were not employed till after Swift quitted it.-Dr. Lowth. See Advertisement before The Examiner. 2 The first Examiner of Swift's is No. 18. of Nov. 2, 1710; and he wrote all on to No. 44. June 7, 1711. Mr. Swift, p. 291. |