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HEIR OF LADY KATHERINE GREY (2nd S. x. 480.)—The answer to P. R. was intended merely to lead him to a solution of his inquiry, wherein it appeared to me that he was confusing the terms descendants and representatives. By his reply in the number, Dec. 15, he seems now to confuse the terms heir male and heir general. The pedigree

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to which he was referred would have shown him clearly that the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos was representative in blood. The fifth Duke of Somerset might be heir male upon the death of the fourth Duke of Somerset, and succeeded under the limitations of a patent granted to heirs male of the body, but he was not heir general of the blood, or representative of the second Duke. P. R. makes the female descendant of the fifth Duke representative, but does not say why he ignores the heir female of the second Duke.

Elizabeth, Countess of Elgin, heir of the second Duke, carried away the representation before the descendant of the fifth Duke, and through her it has passed to the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, the now heir general of Katherine Grey. His Grace, singularly enough, in addition to his maternal representation, is descended through his paternal ancestor, from Charles Lord Seymour of Trowbridge. J. R. ZOPISSA (2nd S. x. 492.) The derivation of this word from aos and Tora is the one usually given in the lexicons, but I think it erroneous. The word properly describes the composition with which ships bottoms have been coated, when scraped off. It is not the name of the composition before it has been used, nor until it has fulfilled its purpose. If therefore Zopissa signifies viva pix, it is not from its virtue in the preservation of ships, &c., but from its medicinal qualities, like Parr's life-pills. The other origin to which the word has been traced, is also untenable. I allude to zepheth, which occurs with some modifications in Hebrew, Arabic, and Chaldee. The ark of Moses was daubed with slime and zepheth. (Exod. ii. 3.; see also Is. xxxiv. 9.) The resemblance of this word to the Greek is singular, but not con

Life of Lady Jane Grey, by Sir Harris Nicolas. ed. 1849, p. 1.

clusive of identity. At the same time, I think it has stronger claims than the first derivation referred to. But to my own mind another source has suggested itself, which I believe to be the true one. Zopissa is pitch scraped off. This word scraped enters into all the accounts of it and apochyma (which is the same thing), as far as I have been able to consult them. I trace the word to few or {uw, to scrape; and suppose it really means scraped pitch, or, as the lexicographers say, pix derasa. The interchange of x and z is well known to occur, and may be seen in Zanthenes and Zigir for Xanthenes and Xigir, as also in Gun and Sieuvn. In the Septuagint X and Z are often confounded in proper names, and we always pronounce Xerxes, as if it was Zerxes. I am not sure that the corrupt spelling of Zopissa for Xopissa is not due to the class among whom B. H. C. it must have originated.

P.S.-I see that I am not first; Scapula (Oxon. 1820) gives my derivation of Zopissa.

SIR HENRY KILLIGREW (2nd S. viii. 206.)The following extracts from the Registers of St. Peter-le-poor, London, will perhaps be of use to MESSRS. COOPER in their inquiries:

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"PILGRIMAGE OF GOOD INTENT" (2nd S. x. 493.), or, as the title of the work is in full, The Progress of the Pilgrim Good-Intent in Jacobinical Times, was written by one Mary Anne Burgess. It appears to have been an extremely popular work in its day, as my copy is of the 10th edition, and of the date 1822. From a short memoir appended, by the author's brother, Sir James Bland Burgess, Bart., of Beauport, Sussex, it appears that the lady was a person of great natural talents, which she cultivated with no ordinary care. There were few authors, ancient or modern, whose writings were not familiar to her in their own language. She was a good classic, spoke French, Italian, and Spanish well, and wrote them with a fluency and correctness scarcely inferior to a native. She read also German and Swedish with facility. What is the most surprising is, that she acquired these tongues in early life, and without any teacher. She assisted M. De Luc in his last work on Geology, which is sufficient to prove she was no novice in that science. She finished, a short time before her death, a MS. account of the

Lond. Harding, 8vo. 1825. See also Debrett's Peerage, British Lepidoptera, in which each insect is traced

Narratives of Sorcery and Magic. Scott's Demonology and Witchcraft also contains some interesting information on this subject. There are also two old works respecting it: one by Webster, and the other by Hutchinson.

Can any of your readers inform me whether there was any trial for witchcraft in England after the commencement of the last century? And if so, where an account of it can be found? It was not until the year 1736 that the Act 9 Geo. II. c. 5. was passed, declaring that no prosecution should in future be carried on against any person for witchcraft, sorcery, &c. RICHARD BROOKE.

from its egg, the various plants on which they feed fully described, and with drawings that manifest a correctness of design and delicacy of colouring little, if at all inferior, to those of the celebrated Marian. She was an excellent botanist; not only a good musical performer, but also a composer; drew and painted well, and was very accomplished in all feminine pursuits. She appears to have been still more remarkable for her amiable temper and manners; and she bore a long and very painful illness of some years with great cheerfulness and resignation. She devoted a great part of her income to works of benevolence and charity, and died at her house, Ashfield, near Honiton, Devonshire, universally lamented, THE JACOBITES (2nd S. x. 448.) — There is no on August 10th, 1812, in the forty-ninth year of authority for translating opvelas by pork. Bentley her age. The work in question was at first pub-conjectured xoipelas and Griesbach was the first, I lished anonymously, and reached its tenth edition believe, who thought that Topkéias might have in the course of a few years. H. E. WILKINSON. been the original word. But, in answer to these, as well as to πόρνη or πορνῆς, appears the fact, that Notting Hill. no MS., ancient Version or Father, has any other word here than Toрvelas, fornication, in the 20th and 29th verses of Acts xv. See Kuinoel and the authorities quoted by him. T. J. BUCKTON.

My edition of this interesting little book is that of 1800, printed for Hatchard, without author's name, and apparently the first impression. As one of Captain Cuttle's crew, I long since made a note upon my copy to the effect, "that it was the production of Mrs. Mary Ann Burges, and that a new edition was published in, or before, 1824, revised by Sir James Bland Burges." J. O. MEWS (2nd S. x. 489.) — I think there can be no doubt of the general accuracy of F. C.'s remarks upon this word, and its derivation. The verb to mew, in the sense of casting or changing the hair, horns, skin (as serpents) or feathers, occurs in at least five other languages: Fr. muer ; Dutch, muiten; Ger. mausen; Span. mudar; Ital. mudare. In each of these we find nouns in the sense of moulting, and in Fr., Ital., and Dutch, similar words denoting the coop or place in which birds were kept when moulting. So in Eng., according to Bailey, a mew was a coop for hawks, cage where hawks are wintered or kept when they mew or change their feathers." It is easy to see how the French mué came to be applied to a place to fatten poultry in. With reference to our word mews as applied to stables, applied to stables, Bailey (who derives the word from mutare), says "the stables called the Mews, at Whitehall, took that name, having been anciently full of mews, where the king's hawks were kept." I see no reason to question the derivation of the word from the Lat. mutare, although it does not bear the signification of mew, to moult, &c. Milton's eagle mewing its mighty youth, of course refers to the fact that birds after moulting look fresher and more beautiful. B.H. C.

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WITCHCRAFT (2nd S. x. 472.) In reply to the inquiry of INVESTIGATOR, as to the best historical authorities upon witchcraft, I should refer him to a very good and curious modern work, Wright's

Lichfield.

CARADOC VREICHFRAS, ETC. (2nd S. x. 217. 251. 315.) The following passage from Wotton's English Baronets (vol. ii. 80.), seems to clear up the doubt expressed by me respecting the rank of Caradoc Vreichfras:

"This Caradoc is styled, in the History of Cambria, published by Dr. Powell, 1584, King of N. Wales, on account of his great possessions in that country. For being driven from his estate by Ethelbald, King of Mercia, after the battle of Hereford, Corian Tindaethwy, then King of Wales, received him, and gave him lands between Chester and Conway."

The same passage occurs in Collins (vol. iii. P. 129.). I may add that Pennant incidentally Hereford in his Welsh Tour (vol. i. p. 296.), in furnishes the pedigree of this celebrated Earl of his account of Llangollen; the church of which he states to be dedicated to St. Collen ap Caradog Freichfras, ap Lhyr Merim, ap Einion Yrth, ap Cunedda Wledig; of whom the two last were, according to Powell's History (p. xxviii.), father and son, Cynedda having flourished about A.D. 540. The records of the Heralds' College confirm the fact that Cynedda Wledig was the ancestor of Caradoc. And the Welsh writers make him also the ancestor of Cadwallader the last king of the Britons, A.D. 680, and of all the later kings and princes of Wales, who were descendants of Cad

wallader.

Cynedda, written also Cunetha and Knotha, was himself the grandson of Coel Godebog, King of North Wales in right of his wife, Geradwen, or Stradwen, daughter and heiress of Caduan ap Conan ap Endaf. The coat of arms attributed to Cynedda, in the College of Arms, is, sa. 3 roses arg. I avail myself of this opportunity to thank MR. GRESFORD for his reply to my former com

munication.

He will find, in Papworth's Dictionary, Price of Brecon bearing the same coat as Caradoc Vreichfras (p. 118.) In conclusion, I should point out that, at p. 252., the Rev. W. Betham is called by mistake Sir W. B.

ing it to have been the very year of the latter
event, and that he was only sixteen at the time
(the lowest age at which recruits are allowed to
enter the Russian army), we find by a very sim-
ple calculation that he was at least 119 years of
age at the time I saw him.
R. B.
Kirkwall, Orkney's.

NED ALSNED. SOUTHEY (2nd S. x. 405.) — I perfectly recollect that when a boy (about 1824) there was an actor of this name performing at the Shrewsbury 394.)-I beg to thank DR. MUNK for his commuJONATHAN GOULDSMITH, M.D. (2nd S. x. 305. Theatre, who was said to be a brother of the poet.nication. His information appears to be so comHe was a very "tame " actor, neither suiting "the action to the word, nor the word to the action," but rather "mouthing " it, and that with so very weak and insignificant a voice, that his entrance was always received with a titter on the part of

the audience.

Shrewsbury.

W. A. LEIGHTON.

AYLMER, BP. OF LONDON (2nd S. x. 287. 481., &c.) Though unable to say where the birthplace of this prelate was, let me say that his son is buried in Claydon church, near Ipswich, where there is an inscription to his memory. He is supposed to have built Mockbeggar Hall in that parish. The Mockbeggar Hall at Tuddenham, Norfolk, and that near Hoo, Kent, are apparently buildings of the same date, i. e. 1650. E. G. R. LONGEVITY. - Under the heading Longevity, a writer in your most interesting periodical (2nd S. x. 15.) questions the truth of reported instances of persons having reached the of 100 age years in modern times. We could, I believe, in this country alone furnish several such, resting on the best possible evidence, that of parish registers of their birth. But I think I can adduce one perfectly authentic, and resting on the authority of a countryman of mine, now I believe residing in Scotland.

When passing through Russia on my way overland (I mean the real overland route, by Russia and Persia, not that by Egypt, as is usually understood in these days) in the year 1828, I made the acquaintance of Dr. Keir, the physician of the Shérémetien Hospital at Moscow. This is a hospital founded and maintained for the use of his own dependants by Count Shérémetien, said to be the richest nobleman in Russia, having 120,000 souls or male serfs on his property. In going round the wards, a man was pointed out to me by Dr. K. of hale and sound appearance, looking like a man of 75 or 80, and in perfect possession of all his faculties, except that he was a little deaf. It was proved by this man's papers (every serf being furnished with such when he leaves his master's property to work elsewhere) that he had in his youth been enlisted as a soldier, and had passed in review before Peter the Great, who died in 1725. His own impression was that he was a grown man at the time, and that it happened some years before the czar's death. But assum

plete that I am tempted to appeal to him for Gouldsmith's place of burial? And is anything farther particulars. For instance, where is Dr. known of his parents, John Gouldsmith and Eli

zabeth his wife?

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS.

T. E. S.

Personal History of Lord Bacon, from unpublished Papers. By William Hepworth Dixon, of the Inner Temple. (Murray.)

When the remarkable series of articles, illustrative of the personal history and character of England's greatest Chancellor, first appeared in The Athenæum, they awakened in all who read them a feeling of satisfaction that the fair fame of Francis Bacon had at length found an able and eloquent champion, and an earnest hope that so successful a vindication of Bacon, as a statesman and a legist, might soon be given to the world in a collected form. That hope is at length realised in the volume by its author, The Personal History of Lord Bacon will before us. Greatly enlarged, and most carefully revised add much to the reputation of Mr. Hepworth Dixon as a biographical and historical writer. It will also go far to rub from the shield of Bacon's glory the rust and tarnish with which, for nearly a century and a half, the slanderous breath of Pope had dimmed its brightness: and to make others follow the example of Hallam, and forgetting the derogatory epithet which gave pungency to the poet's satire, remember Bacon only as "the wisest, greatest of mankind." We have spoken of the work as Hepworth Dixon deserves to be praised, however, not brilliant in its style, and successful in its object. Mr. only for the good use of his many new materials, but for the zeal and industry which he has displayed in their collection.

Dadalus; or, the Causes and Principles of Greek Sculp-
ture. By Edward Falkener, Member of the Academy of
Berlin. (Longman & Co.)
Bologna, and of the Archæological Institutes of Rome and

splendid volume, it is hard to decide which is the more
In the limited space which we can devote to this
difficult part of our task, to do justice to the exquisite
taste with which it has been produced, the beauty of its
illustrations, and the elegance of its binding or to the
profound learning with which Mr. Falkener discourses on
sculpture.
the causes and principles of the excellence of Greek
The frontispiece, which represents a "Re-
storation of the Parthenon at Athens, showing the
Chryselephantine statue of Minerva by Phidias," is the
key-note to the volume, in which Mr. Falkener expounds
ment, and in a manner to show his perfect mastery of
his views on ancient art with great learning and judg
the subject; following these with his speculations as to

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he contends that "if we may not equal the ancients we may at least, by studying them as we ought, preserve ourselves from falling into error," and "that the errors and mistakes of modern art are ever to be attributed to a neglect of those precepts mutely but eloquently revealed to us by the marbles and bronzes of our museums." The book is one which must command the attention of all admirers of Ancient Art. The chapter "On Chryselephantine Sculpture and Iconic Polychromy" will be read with very considerable interest. The photographs and other illustrations are of the highest class, and add greatly to the value and beauty of the book.

Antique Gems; their Origin, Uses, and Value as Interpreters of Ancient History, and as Illustrative of Ancient Art. With Hints to Gem Collectors. By the Rev. C. W. King, M.A. (Murray.)

It is certainly somewhat extraordinary that there does not exist in English any scientific treatise, or popular manual, to which the student can be referred, who desires to enter upon the study of those remains of ancient art, with which few are to be compared for grace and beauty, or for their importance to the historian, archæologist, and artist - -the engraved Gems of Antiquity. This want, however, exists no longer. In the handsome volume before us, the author has recorded his "own observations, the accumulated memoranda of many years, and the results of the careful examination of many thousands of gems of all ages and of every style," - these being illustrated by passages from ancient authors, and by copious extracts from other sources, tending to elucidate the snbject. The book itself may be well styled a Handbook of Ancient Gems: for by means of its copious Index, the incipient gem-collector will in future easily obtain a solution of the numerous problems which the author had to work out for himself at a vast expenditure of time, temper, and money. Nor is the work by any means confined to ancient art: Medieval jewellery, medieval superstitions as to the power of gems and of their sigils, and the very extensive and interesting class of gnostic gems, hitherto scarcely treated of by English writers, form most important features of the present work, which being profusely and admirably illustrated, establishes fresh claims on the part of Mr. Murray to the gratitude of all who are interested in the history and literature of Art. While Mr. King will assuredly win the thanks of a large circle to whom his valuable and instructive book will open a new source of enjoyment.

Legends and Lyrics. A Book of Verses. By Adelaide Anne Procter. Second Volume. (Bell & Daldy.)

Characterised by the same depth of poetic feeling as its predecessor, we can accord to this second volume of Miss Procter's Poems no higher praise-for it is high praise than that it is every way worthy of her.

Little Ella and the Fire King, and other Fairy Tales, by M. W., illustrated by Henry Warren. (Edmonston & Douglas.)

A series of pretty stories gracefully told, and with a simple moral suitable to the understanding of very young readers. Mr. Warren's illustrations will add to the pleasure of those lucky children who may receive this volume as a New Year's Gift.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. ACKERMAN'S COTTAGES ON THE ESTATE OF THE DUKE OF BEDFORD. Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to MESSRS. BELL & DALDY, Publishers of " NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are given for that purpose:

THE HOLY BIBLE, in which the leading and more Interesting Chapters are Distinguished for Youthful Meditation, &c.: to which is prefixed The Porteusian Index. London: Printed for the Porteusian Bible

Society. 1822. 12mo. 4 copies.

Wanted by W. F. De La Rue, 110. Bunhill Row, London, E. C.

FIRST FOLIO SHAKSPEARE. 1623. The title-page and verses opposite by B. I. not absolutely necessary.

Wanted by Mr. Reader, 39. Paternoster Row London, E.C.

RITTER'S HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY.

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Notices to Correspondents.

GENTLE READERS, ONE AND ALL, A HAPPY AND PROSPEROUS NEW YEAR TO YOU! This is the twelfth opportunity We have had of offering this friendly greeting; and when you look at the literary banquet which WE this day spread before you, we think that you will admit that, thanks to the kindness of our many learned Friends and Correspondents, eleven years have not exhausted our resources, that Age has not withere:l, nor Custom staled the infinite variety of Notes and Queries.

Mary Queen of Scots and Douglas of Lochleven; Deed of Richard Cœur de Lion, with Love-Ribbon attached; Richard Hooker and the First Edition of his Ecclesiastical Polity; Van Lennep's Ballad, Heer vom Culemberg: Register of Christ Church, Cork; Was Macbeth a Usurper? Gutenberg's First Press; the Rev. M. A. Tierney's reply to Mr. Gardener; and many other Papers of equal interest, will appear in the next or following number.

DIARY OF WILLIAM OLDYS. We have been induced by the promise of some valuable but hitherto unused materials for the biography of this worthy, to postpone for a week or two the publication of the Diary.

PROPER NAMES AND REFERENCES. Our Correspondents will, we are sure, excuse us if, at the commencent of a new volume, we once more remind them of the necessity of writing distinctly ALL PROPER NAMES at least; and of the trouble which they will save us if, when answering Queries, they would kindly add a reference to the volume and page in which the Queries replied to, are to be found.

E. W. SHACKELL will find the epitaph on Ælia Lelia Crispis discussed in our 1st S. iii. 242. 339. 506.

A SUBSCRIBER. Samuel Lucas.

B. W. W. In the reign of James I.

J. A. STAVERTON. See our 1st S. x. 366. for some account of Sternhold and Hopkins's Psalms.

ERRATOM. 2nd S. x. p. 463. col. i. 1. 5. from bottom, for "the Aberford ash "read" the ash.

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Now ready, 30th Edition, with the Arms beautifully engraved, price 31s. 6d. handsomely bound, with gilt edges,

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FOR 1861; under the Especial Patronage of HER MAJESTY and H.R.H. The PRINCE CONSORT, and Corrected throughout by the Nobility.

HURST & BLACKETT, 13. Great Marlborough Street, W. NOVELTIES. Many such are now being exhibited at Messrs. Nicoll's. new ware-rooms, for ladies' mantles and riding-habits; for instance, Highland waterproof cloaks, falling in graceful folds the whole length of the figure. Like the Spanish roquelaire, these have an expanding hood with a patent mecanique, for the purpose of raising the lower part, and leaving the wearer's arms free. The cloak is invaluable as a wrapper in travelling in carriage or walking exercise; and as it fits all figures it is the best present taken from London to the country. Sealfur and cloth jackets are also exhibited, the latter called au coin de feu -skilled forewomen attending to ladies' riding habits and trowsers. This branch, with the juvenile department, is now added to the original place of business, namely, 114. 116. 118. 120. Regent-street, where the best skill and materials of France, Germany, and England, with moderate price, may always be met with.

KNICKER DOCKERS. In the Cornhill Magazine, of October, 1860, the above costume is described in the following terms:-Knickerbockers, surely the prettiest boy's dress that has appeared these hundred years." In order to place this great improvement in boy's dress within the reach of all well-to-do families, Messrs. Nicoll now make the costume complete for Two Guineas. There is a large selection of Paletots, overcoats, and other garments prepared for young gentlemen coming home for the holidays. H.J. and D. Nicoll, 114. 116. 118. 120. Regent-street, London.

UNITED KINGDOM

LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, No. 8. WATERLOO PLACE, PALL MALL, S.W. The Hon. FRANCIS SCOTT, Chairman. CHARLES BERWICK CURTIS, Esq., Deputy Chairman. FOURTH DIVISION OF PROFITS.

SPECIAL NOTICE. Parties desirous of participating in the fourth division of profits to be declared on all policies effected prior to the 31st December, 1861, should, in order to enjoy the same, make immediate application. There have already been three divisions of profits, and the bonuses divided have averaged nearly 2 per cent. per annum on the sums assured, or from 30 to 100 per cent. on the premiums paid, without imparting to the recipients the risk of copartnership, as is the case in mutual societies.

To show more clearly what these bonuses amount to, the three following cases are put forth as examples :Sum Insured.

£5,000 1,000

100

Bonuses added.

£1,987 108.

397 108.
39 158.

Amount payable up to Dec. 1854. €6.987 108.

1,397 10s. 139 158. Notwithstanding these large additions, the premiums are on the lowest scale compatible with security for the payment of the policy when death arises; in addition to which advantages, one half of the premiums may, if desired, for the term of five years, remain unpaid at 5 per cent. Interest, without security or deposit of the policy.

The Assets of the Company at the 31st December, 1859, amounted to 8690,140 19s., all of which has been invested in Government and other approved securities.

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