Planché- The Pursuivant of Arms '—a very reliable authority on all matters appertaining to heraldry, states that heraldry appeared as an hereditary science at the commencement of the thirteenth century. Montague Study of Heraldry was of opinion that arms had become hereditary in the time of Richard I.

Numerous grants of arms may be cited in which a limitation to the heirs is found. Thus in 30th Edward III, William, Baron of Graystock, granted arms to Adam de Blencowe and his heirs for ever (Hutchinson's Hist. Cumberland,' Vol. i. p. 314).

(c) Badges. Boutell Heraldry, Historical and Popular,'-quotes the early fourteenth century as the time when badges were used habitually for decoration of costume, horse trappings, furniture, etc. That badges were in use before the adoption and recognition of regular coats of arms is certain, but we have no conclusive evidence of any badge having been used before the time of Henry I. (d) Crests. Planché. This author states that the crest appears in heraldry very nearly as soon as armorial bearings become hereditary, i.e. in the thirteenth century. Crests were in general use in Chaucer's time. It was at one time generally held that crests were not absolutely hereditable, though there are many instances recorded where grants of crests are made hereditable. A grant of a crest to Thomas, Earl Marshal of Notting ham in 1390 by Richard II, is expressly made to the said Thomas and his heirs. Again in the 13th Edw. IV, arins and crest were granted by William Haulksloe, otherwise Clarentieux, to William Collingburne and his heirs for ever. Crests, like coats of arms, are now held to be hereditary, and from this it follows that the same person may inherit and may rightly bear two or more crests.

died s.p. 1778, was the uncle and early naval patron of the hero of Trafalgar. He was born at Barsham in Suffolk, as theeldest son of the Reverend Maurice Suck-ling, D.D., by Anne, daughter of Sir Charles Turner, Baronet, and his wife, Mary Walpole, the sister of Captain Galfridus Walpole, R.N., the first owner of "the fighting sword of Lord Nelson " (see ante p. 241). The other children of Dr. Suckling were Catherine (b. 1725, d. 1767), wife of the Rev. Edmund Nelson and mother of the Admiral, and William (b. 1730, d. 1798), Controller of Customs, who, as the executor and brother of Captain MauriceSuckling, presented the silver-hilted sword to Horatio Nelson (see ante p. 313 and Clarke and McArthur's Life of Nelson'). This William, as father of Colonel William Suckling (Third Dragoon Guards, b. 1762, d. 1833), was the grandfather of the latter's second son, Horace, the first of the four officers whose services are given in MR. W. E. GoVIER's list (ante p. 333). Horace Suckling was born 3 Sept., 1794, while his father was fighting in Flanders, and after being educated at Eton, was gazetted to the Guards by his godfather, the Duke of Kent. He exchanged into the First Royal Scots 22 Nov., 1810. He served in that Regiment throughout the Peninsular War, from June 18 to November, 1813, and was present, among other engagements, at the Battle of Salamanca, the Retreat from Burgos, and the Siege of St. Sebastian, where he was. wounded through the hip and right hand. He died of his wounds at Ceylon on August, 1841, having married, in 1823, Mary Laura, daughter of Patrick Myon. That lady, who resided as his widow many 1891, in her 89th year (see ante p. 334). years at Mortlake, died there on Jan. 9, Her son, Horatio John, gazetted to the 90th Perthshire Light Infantry, 1841, afterwards served in the First West Indian Ceylon Rifles, and rose to the rank of Captain. He retired from the Army to live at Mortlake, where he died, sine prole, Sept. 1905, atat. 80 (mentioned in Mortlake Memories,' see ante p. 334).

21

His brother, Frederick Herbert, born in the Island of Zante, 5 Sept. 1828, served in the 45th Regiment in the Kaffir War of 1846-7, and in the 18th Royal Irish during the Burmese War of 1852-3. He exchanged into the 10th Hussars in 1857, served in the Crimea, and in Canada, and died in 1878.

The history of the baptism of Colonel "Nelson Suckling," (No. 2 on MR. GOVIER'S list) is interesting as told by a marginal note in the Parish Register Book of Merton in Surrey, where it is stated that

Nelson, son of William Suckling and Wybrew his wife, was born on the 31st of December, 1803, at New Windsor, Berks, and christened on the 6th of September, 1805, which christning was postponed on account of Lord Viscount Nelson, one of the Godfathers, being out or England on His Majesty's Service. History tells us that, on the 20th Aug., Lord Nelson at last reached England, and proceeded "to join a family party assembled

to meet him at Merton.'

:

A mem

ber of the company was Nelson's young nephew, George Matcham, who has left, in a letter, the account of the christening party. It comprised, among others, several young people Charlotte Nelson, Anne and Eliza Bolton, and the little Horatia, who all sat at dinner at a side table, when Lord Nelson remarked to his fellow sponsor, the Duke of Clarence (afterwards King William IV) that he was never so happy as when in the company of young people.'

Further information about John James is to be found in the State Papers for 1661. Peter Crabb's information, dated Oct. 11, 1661, noted on p. 110 of the Calendar for 1661-2, refers to John James, though he seems to have made the mistake of describ

ing him as "William." And another document about "Mr. James" is noted on p. 162 of the Calendar. Unfortunately the Restoration Calendars are anything but

ascertain

EXECUTION OF A NONCONFORMIST MINISTER (12 S. xi. 233, 374, 433, 492, 535). The reprint of the Narrative' of John James in the Sabbath Memorial is quite accurate and, by setting out the title page, proves that there was no imprint "to this tract and that, therefore, it was seditious. This inference is confirmed by the fact that there is a copy of the tract among the State Papers (see Calendar for 1661-2, p. 617).

The editor of the Sabbath Memorial, of course, acted in perfect good faith, and was merely following Crosby, the uncritical eighteenth century historian of the Baptists,

much of whose work can be dismissed being mistaken.

as

or

But there is no evidence that John James was a pastor," or that the Fifth Monarchy men would have accepted such a term office, nor is his connexion with Peter Chamberlain satisfactorily proved. This, however, is not the point-the real point is that the tract was a fraudulent romance and that John James was no martyr for religion. The aims and objects of the Fifth Monarchy men were fully detailed in set terms in several manifestoes, the most important of which is Venner's Door of Hope,' of which there is a copy at the British Museum. These aims included the "rasing, destroy

J. G. M.

"MAN OF WAX" (12 S. xi. 489, 518). -I have not the Paston Letters' at hand, tained in Coulton's Social Life in Britain' but the following quotation from them, con(Cambridge University Press, 1918), p. 442, throws some light on Q. V.'s enquiry. It is from a letter dated 1443 from M. Paston to

her husband, who had been ill in London:

'My moder behestyd a nodyr ymage of wax of the weytte of yow to oyer Lady of Walsyngham."

The offering of images of wax for the recovery of the sick was not confined to human beings. Coulton (op. cit. p. 396) gives the following from the 'Household Accounts of Nicholas de Litlington' (Abbot of Westminster, 1326-86):

"1368. Item for a waxen image of a falcon brought to offer [at the altar] for a sick falcon, 6d." WM. SELF WEEKS.

Westwood, Clitheroe.

ea,

66 HUNGER IN PLACE-NAMES (12 S. xi. 511). I think that a food shortage meaning can be ruled out. Canon Bannister ('Placenames of Herefordshire') gives nine hunger names in our county, with -hill, -stone, -berry (bury), -grove, -strete, -hole and -eya terminations, the last two terminals signifying, I think, heol, a road, and water, or ig, island. Of one name Clehonger (cle being clay)-he quotes twelve forms from 1015 to 1346, and they range through the forms -hangre, -hungre, and and -hongre. This confirms my own impression (gathered in the course of my trackway work) that " hanger " and " hunger" placenames, both common, are identical in original meaning: Canon Bannister traces it through the old word hangra, which is usually translated as a wood on a steep hill-side," and Gilbert White, in his 'SeÏborne,' uses it in this sense. But I am forming the opinion (and look for further evidence), that its meaning in pre-historic times (before written records) was not a wooded bank, but the deeply cut straight road or track used as a sighting cutting up the bank. At our local Hungerstone

such a road is sighted through a pond at its foot on to Thruxton Mound. Hongar House (St. Weonards) is at the head of a similar cutting, and at New Radnor, where there is a sunk road now called Newgate Lane, up the bank straight for a cottage now called Sunny Bank, I found that old people called this cottage Hunger Spot.'

Fords are often under banks, and Hungerford is frequent as a place-name. Will correspondents kindly report whether at places so named a steep sunk road sights down a bank to the ford?

Will anyone who knows the Hanger at Selborne or that in the Rectory grounds at Burgh Castle (Norfolk) also report on the sunk roads down the banks there?

was

or

MRS. BEETON (12 S. xì. 489).—It while ST. SWITHIN was young that Mr. Beeton the publisher retired from businesson his own account, the event taking place in 1869. The retirement was not without importance to the literary world, for a few years later there was litigation resulting in one of the earliest legal decisions that the assignment of a title of а newspaper periodical bearing the name of the assignor is the entire property of the assignee, and the Courts will protect his rights. In 1869 Beeton sold his Beeton's Christmas Annual and other works to Ward, Lock and Tyler, and in a contract engaged to serve the firm, for which he received a salary. He continued to edit the Annual, but in 1784 the new proprietors, not being satisfied with the way the work was done, engaged another writer. Thereupon Beeton advertised that he had nothing to do with the Annual and that he was preparing another one through Messrs. Weldon and Company. Upon the application of Ward, Lock and Tyler, the Court granted an injunction restraining Beeton from publishing any such advertisement (Case reported in Law Reports 19. Equity 207) 1874. These facts negative the suggestion of ST. SWITHIN that the author author of cookery books, encyclopædias of sport, law, literature, etc., " is still alive to enjoy the success of her work.'