Notes on Books.

Egypt and the Old Testament. By T. Eric Peet. (Hodder and Stoughton, 5s. net).

THE volume before us belongs to a new series of studies entitled the Ancient World,' just started by the University of Liverpool. Wellprinted, inexpensive and happily calculated as to length and to fulness of detail the series, if it sustains itself at the level of the volumes that have just appeared, should do excellent service and receive a corresponding welcome. Its purpose it to make the results of recent research accessible to the general reader, and to the student whose principal work lies in another field. Professor Peet, who is editor of the series, has thought it necessary to begin with a justification of Old Testament criticism. He seems to expect that many readers will feel indignation and the unsettlement of cherished beliefs-discomforts which must be borne in the interests of intellectual honesty. Perhaps he somewhat over-rates the need for this apology. Moreover, although he demolishes some of the supposed confirmation of the Biblical tradition too hastily drawn from the results of excavation and too eagerly welcomed, yet, by his careful delimitation of the true worth of tradition, and his discriminating discussion of documents, he opens up a view of Hebrew history as a whole, and conveys an impression of its reality, which should re-assure the timid as much as it affrights them.

The history of the relations between Egypt and Israel consists at present largely of probabilities extricated from a mass of inveterate errors. For example, not till the Sea of Reeds has replaced the Red Sea, and suitable doubt been thrown on the common (but relatively late) identification of Mount Sinai with the peninsula, now called by that name, can a rational account be given of the story of the Exodus. When misapprehensions such as these have been cleared away the next thing is to realise where exactly fall the gaps in our knowledge and how extensive they are. Conjecture is busy on all sides erecting airy structures to bridge them, and the reader must be put in possession of sufficient information to enable him to make some provisional estimate of the soundness of their erections. This part of Professor Peet's work is particularly well done. His distrust of one school is evident, but moderately expressed and capably supported. An excellent example of his method is the chapter on Orias. Visions from Afar. By S. K. Chandhuri. (Published by the Author, Dacca). THIS is a slim volume containing sixteen essays on great subjects seen imaginatively and in the abstract. The writer is acquainted with English poetry and to some extent with Greek philosophy, and it is precisely this conjunction of knowledge of the west with the Oriental habit of mind that gives these pages a claim to

the attention of English readers. They are gracefully written, and so near to poetry that at first sight the thought they contain hardly makes, as such, the impression it deserves. In fact, we believe that Mr. Chandhuri would find verse a happy vehicle for what he has to say. He has something of the " prophetic soul dreaming on things to come,' after a fashion that our western mind seldom and imperfectly catches, which yet as our admiration for the work of Sir Rabindranath Tagore testifies we acknowledge to be a true element in the diapason of human thought. Tract No. XI of the S.P.E. on Metaphor. (By E. B., H. W. Fowler, and A. Clutton-Brock) is a very entertaining production in spite of its subject-matter being somewhat thin and the treatment thereof correspondingly slight. Metaphor in journalism furnishes the principal topic. This is examined from the point of view of the highly-cultivated person whose sense of value has been rendered delicate, even fastidious, by constant occupation with the best in literature and criticism. No doubt such a person is eminently well qualified to correct the journalist's aberrations, but where it is a question of legitimate writing for effect addressed primarily to the non-literary-perhaps he is a little handicapped by his very excellences. This remark was occasioned by the long list of metaphors which Mr. CluttonBrock pronounces to be dead, some of which we suspect still have life and force for unsophisticated minds, while others give practised minds the same summary kind of help that a diagram or chart affords.

CORRIGENDA.

66

un

Ante p. 66, col. 2, line 7, for Innocuous read Innocuos. Ibid, line 24, for " Anglicarum read Anglicanarum.

At ante p. 74, col. 2, line 4, for "Lord Ridding" read Lord Feilding.

At ante p. 96, col. 1 (s. The North Sea: "British Ocean") for "b. 1798 " read b. 1789.

Notices to Correspondents.

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The name of "Phaire is variously spelled and, in its differing forins, is widely diffused. In the form of Fair" it is a Scottish name, found in Ulster, also in Cork, in Mayo, and in other counties of Ireland. It occurs, too, in the forms of:-Fare, Fayer, Fer, Fere, Ferre, Phaer, Phaier, Phayre, Phere, Pheyre, and, last and strangest, Phidier or Phieier. Emanuel Phidier (or Phieier), afterwards described as Emanuel Phayer, is overseer of the will, and son-in-law, of George Prideaux of Sutcombe, Devon (P.C.C. 1021 Grey, 1 May,

1649, probate 2 April, 1651). In the form of Fere "" the name presumably has derivation from " fere❞—a companion, e.g., 66 my trusty fere." In England too the name is widely spread, and, so far as is known, over a much longer period than in Ireland. We find Guido Ferre of the Manor of Ilketeleshale 14 Edw. I; Guydo Ferre Junr. 20 and 30 Edw. I; Guido Ferre and Alianore, his wife 1 Edw. II; Dame Alianore Ferre, widow, in a subsequent lawsuit about the Manor of Benhall, near Saxmundham, Suffolk (A Calendar of the Feet of Fines for Suffolk,' Walter Rye); and the same Dame Alianora Ferr holding the right of pre-emption in the house of Hugh de Marny, Rector of Norton, near the town of St. Edmund on the Ides of August 1334 (' Calendar Wills of the Court of Husting,' i. 401). In 'N. & Q.' 5 S. viii. 47, it is asserted that Colonel Robert Phaire, the subject of this essay, bore the same arms as Sir Guy Fere of Benhall. In the Suffolk Green Books, being the Return for Subsidy granted in 1523 and of the Hearth Tax in 1674, respectively, we find William Fayer, Henry Fer (Ferre), John Fer, Robert Fer, and William Fer in the former year, and in the latter year the name of Fayer occurs twice, and Phare (William of Bury St. Edmund's) once.

The Parish Registers of Stoke-by-Clare, Suffolk, 1538-1613, give us : Mary and William Phare (1566-7), Alice Fare (1568), Susan and William Fayers (1570), Joan and William Fayre (1575), William Fayer (1580), the widow Phayers (1587), and Robert Fayer (1635).

We find Walter Fayre of St. Mary Aldermary, 8. May, 1618 (Harleian Registers,' vol. v. 158), Elizabeth Phere, widow, of St. James's, Clerkenwell, 7 Oct., 1643 (ib. vol. xvii), Sara ffayre, 1603, Aug. 24 (Register of Shere, Surrey '), Robert Fayer ('Visitations of Norfolk,' Harl. Soc., vol. xxxii, 229), John Faire of London, apothecary (id. xxxvii, 289), Susanna and Humphrey Faire, St. Denis, Backchurch, London, 16 July, 1635, (Harleian Registers,' iii. 104), Thomas Faire, 13 April, 1666, of St. James's, Clerkenwell (id. xii, 123), Jazchre (? Zachary) Fare of Pittsey, Essex (id. xiii, 262), Johanna Fayer, 2 Dec., 1564, of St. Sepulchre's, London (id. xxiii, 29), Richard Fare of Evesham (id. xxi, 22), John Fare, John Fayre, John Fayre (Index Library— Northampton and Rutland Wills, 1545-48, pp. 161, 207, 238), Philip Faire (1562),

John Maria Faire (1551), John Fayrey (1541), Elizabeth Fayre (1555), Henry Fare (1618), and many others (P.C.C. Wills), Margaret Fare (1547, Gloucestershire Wills), Thomas Faire (1716, Bristol Wills).

It has been suggested that the name Phaire is of foreign origin, in support of which may be quoted: List of Strangers, 1567-8. At John Johnson hys house, Dowch, not Denizens, Arnold Fayre' (Genealogical Mag. i. 239).

In 1376 the Wiltshire Inquisitions reveal a Thomas Faire at Daunton. Thomas Phaer (1510, 1560), the translator of Virgil, is said to have been the son of Thomas Phaer of Norwich, but it is worthy of note that in his The Regiment of Life,' printed at London in 1553, the name is spelled "Phaire "*. In 1577 we find (Hatfield MSS.) a William Phare the correspondent of Lord Burghley. Luke Phaere is the vicar at Abbot's Bickington, Devont, in 1616, where he was succeeded in 1631 by Thomas Phare.

the

Reference to the volumes of Devonshire Wills (Index Library) will disclose following:

1670 Phaire Emanuel, Sutcombe, Admon., Samuel, Werrington, Admon., George Clerk, St. Kaine, Will. Thomas, Sutcombe, C.

1671 1672 1674 1677 Phayre Thomas, Sutcombe, Will. Foster's 'Alumni Oxonienses' gives :1. Phayre George (Phaire) of Yorks, paup. schol., Magdalen Coll., matric. 1610, June 22nd, aged 17.

2. Phayre, John (Phaer), son of George of St. Keyne, Cornwall, sacerdos, Gloucester Hall, matric. 1633, Nov. 16, aged 19.

3. Phayre, Luke (Phaire), of Yorks, sacerdos, Lincoln College, matric. 1607, Oct. 23, aged

17.

4. Phayre Miles (Phayre), of co. Lancaster, pleb., Brasenose Coll., matric. entry under date 1578, July 20, aged 20. B.A. 30 Jan., 1582-3., M.A., 1585, July 10. Rector of Sutcombe, Devon, 1596.

5. Phayre, Thomas (Phaer), 20, B.Med. 25

March, 1559.

6. Phayre, William (Phaier), son of Miles of Sutcombe, Devon, sacerdos, Wadham Coll., matric. 1626, Nov. 3, age 19.

7. Phaire Robert, son of Robert of Cork, Ireland, arm, Wadham Coll., matric. 1718, Oct. 22, aged 17.

In the records of the siege of Kinsale, 1601 (P.R.O. Dublin) we find 18 pence a day paid to one William ffare for 103 days. He seems to have been a contractor for the construction of earth-works.

A David Faier is found as an Ensign in the Army in Ireland circa 1630, but nothing further is known of his history. From N. & Q.' 6 S. iv. 371, we glean the following:

Emanuel Phaire, A.B., was ordained deacon 23 Dec., 1604, and Priest 24 Dec., 1604, both by William, Bishop of Oxford. He was Vicar of Kilshannig in 1612, held the Curacy of Moone (sic) Abbey in 1634, was plundered by the rebels in 1641, and lost his Church livings, worth £50 per annum. MSS. T.C.D.f.2.18. This statement is only approximately corEmanuel Phaire appears in

rect.

of 1615 and 1633

of

Regal Visitations Dublin), as Vicar of Kilshannig and (P.R.O. Castlemagner and Curate of other parishes: Clonmeen, Subulter, Kilmacleny. In 1641 he was Curate also of Mourne Abbey Parish.

able inference that the Rev. Emanuel Phaire From the foregoing it appears a reasonhailed from either Devon or Cornwall, though his father or grandfather may have been of Yorkshire or Lancashire, with possible connections in Suffolk.

It is very probable, too, that this English clergyman was induced to come to Ireland by Sir John Jephson, who had acquired much landed property in Co. Cork, and who had the presentation to several church Ev ings in that county. At a later period we find the Rev. Rous Clapton, B.D., Oxford, presented to the living of Doneraile by Mrs. Alicia Jephson, wife of MajorGeneral William Jephson, Sir John's son and heir (Chancery Bill, Clapton v. Temple, 30 May, 1661).

of

a

But a very significant fact concerning the advent in Ireland of the Rev. Emanuel Phaire seems to be disclosed in the Jephson Pedigree compiled by T. W. Belcher, M.D., Dublin, 1866. From it we learn that sister, Catherine, of Sir John Jephson (who died 16 May, 1638) married John Jewell, and we find Colonel Robert Phaire bequeathing a shilling a day for life to his cousin, Ensign William Jewell. Emanuel Phaire was then most probably a connexion of the Jephsons, and hence his tenure of several church livings in the neighbourhood Mallow, the headquarters of that family. Hence also, perhaps, Robert Phaire's rapid rise in the Commonwealth Army.

of

The Manuscript Depositions relating to the Rebellion of 1641, preserved in Trinity College, Dublin, have long been the subject of acrimonious debate. Their trustworthiness has been fiercely impugned. Mr. Lecky treated them as of no account. Miss Hickson patiently transcribed many of them which are printed in her Ireland in the Seventeenth Century.' Lord Ernest Hamilton would fain attach a high value to them. Writers of the Anti-British school of thought plainly regard them as mendacious exaggerations. I have no wish to enter into the merits of the controversy. I am content to hold the view that any document of the year 1642 can scarcely fail to have an historical value if it be subjected to adequate historical criticism. In the mass of documents referred to are two of great importance to our present inquiry, the second of which, so far as is known, has never previously been printed or quoted. I beg leave to reproduce them in full. (a). MS. F. 2. 18 (fio. 60).

Emanuell ffaire late of Kilvalide in the parish of Kilshannig and barony of Duhalla and within the County of Cork, Clk., duely sworn and examined deposeth and saith. That on or about Candlemas last he was robbed

and forcibly despoiled of his goods and chattles to the several values following viz. ::

Of his cows and yearlings to the value of £12 sterling. Of his hay to the value of 20s. Of his household stuff to the value of £10. He further said that by means of this rebellion he was dispossessed of his farm of Kilvalid aforesaid wherein he had a lease of 12 years to come being improved communibus annis above the landlord's rent five pounds per annum which he valueth to be worth to bee sold £40 sterling.

Of another farm, part of the land of Quartertown wherein he had a lease of 3 years to come worth to this deponent above the landlord's rent £6 per annum which he valueth to be worth before this rebellion £18 sterling. He likewise saith that he was dispossessed of his farm of a parcel of land of Kilvalid aforesaid worth to this de ponent above the landlord's rent 20s. per annum having a lease therein of 12 years to come which he valueth to be worth £6 sterling. The total of his losses amounts to

£87 besides the loss of his Church livings of Kilshanny, Clonine, Rathskine, and Kilmckliny in the said county worth communibus annis £50 per annum which he conceives to be lost for the year unless peace be settled in Ireland; and further he deposeth not. Emanuell Phayer.

Jurat coram nobis

23 May, 1642. Tho. Betchworth. Phil. Bisse.

Ric. Williamson.

(b). MS. F. 2. 18. (fio. 275). Robert faier of Killvallidie in the parish of Kilshanny in the barony of Dowhalla within the County of Corck (a brittish protestant) duely sworne and examined upon oath before us by virtue of his Maty. Commission to us and others directed deposeth and saith.

That on or about Candlemas last he lost and hath binn robbed and forcably dispoiled of his goods chattles and debts to the several values following:-Of his cows to the value of fifteen pounds ten shillings sterling, of his hay to the value of thirty shillings, of his debts which he accounted good debts before fower and twentie pounds ster. debts due from the beginning of this rebellion the some of Edmond Roch of ballilegane in the barony of ffermoy within the said countie gent. and in regard the sd. Roch is out in actuall rebellion the deponent conceaves he is not likely to gett satisfaction from him, he further saith that he was expelled and driven away from his said farme where he left in corne in ground to the value of five pounds ten shillings which he conceaves to be lost unless there be peace settled in this kingdom. He likewise saith that he was dispossessed of a parcel of land wherein he had a lease of three years to com part of the land of quartertowne in the said countie worth him 50s. per annum above the landlord's rent which he valueth to be worth £9, the totall of his losses amounts to £51 10. he was robbed by means of Thomas McCrogher lahan of Droming in the sd. Countie aforesaid of Killvalide, yeoman, tenant to Cahir O'Caland further he deposeth not.

On the 15th October, 1657, Colonel Robert Phaire wrote a letter from Rostelane in the County of Cork" to Henry Cromwell. The original is in the British Museum (Lansdowne MSS. 281, f. 220), and it is plain that the writer of this letter was identical with the "Robt. Phaier " who signed the Deposition on the 24th May, 1642. It is therefore beyond a doubt that Colonel Robert Phaire was a Duhallow man and almost certainly the son of the Rev. Emanuel Phaire, Vicar of Kilshannig.