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He charmes the beasts with those sweet straines of his

The lion, Tiger, bore, the beare, the Asse, The Sheep, the lamb, ye Hart together was. The birds flock theither, all with wonder ment

Behold with Silence, and a charm'd content.

120. Cyparissus turn'd into a Cypresse tree.

Sweet Cyparissus whom Apollo lou'd

A fair tame hart his light affections mov'd with him he sported, play'd and to the brooke

Oft lead in leash: In him he pleasure took: who laid among the sheltring trees on day, from him in jest receivs a wound, away His life departs: which thinge alas! seen, he

Mournes and is chang'd into a Cypresse tree.

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"ecstatick fit.' Rageing fitt: cf. The Passion,' 42; the use of the capital letter to lend emphasis may be noted. cf. Captive, Poor and Blind," 'S. A.' 366. 114. 3. Tyred is here a dissyllable (see Bridges, op. cit. 21-2). The rhythm recalls a famous line ('S. A.' 41):

Eye/less in Ga/za | at the Mill with sla/ves

Tylerd with tra/vell on the gra/sse she lives

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Ib. 5. a present course:_cf. my present journey, P. L.' ii. 985; our present lot," Ib. 223. Ib. 6. round about: rather a common phrase in Milton; cf. round about Jove's altar," Ib. p. 48; singing round about thy bed;"' Vac. Ex.' 63. 115. 5. cf. "other doubt possesses me," 'P. L.' ix. 251.--Ib. 6. cf. Osiris, Isis, Orus and their Train ;"' P. L.' i. 478; train is much used by Milton.

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FOLK-LORE: CAULS.

lore regarding cauls. The human caul had There is a tremendous amount of interesting a distinct superstitious value, especially Its efficacy as a amongst sea-faring men. talisman, or amulet is not yet entirely obsolete, even in these days, on the North East coast. Robinson, in his 'Glossary of Words used in the Whitby District,' speaking of "Caul (or kell, or smear), says:

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which The membrane over the face with some children are born. A caul is worn about the person as a protection from drowning; and for those who are going to sea, as much as £5 may be instanced as offered for one in the public papers.

Such advertisements appeared as recently as the 'nineties, in the Hull Times and other journals published in the northern districts near the sea, and a number of these my late father collected. In his book, 'Yorkshire Folklore,' he makes lengthy reference, at p. 104, to this subject, from which I take the following:

That

When a child is born with a mask or caul over its head, good luck will follow it all the days of its life, always provided that the caul is properly preserved. There is some rite in the preservation of such, the details of which I have never been able to obtain. such cauls, or masks, were held in high esteem at one time is proved by the prices paid for them, not because they had belonged to people of note or high degree, but because they possessed the power to ward off many evils Sailors which might assail the possessor.

even to-day (1911) set great store by them. They act as a charm, saving the possessor from drowning in case of a wreck. These veils the evil they could work, should such ever were much prized by witches, and great was come into their possession, hence the necessity of using all precaution against their loss.

Amongst some MS. notes made by my late father I find a caul rhyme (with the note : "In June, 1875, Hird, of Bedale, gave me these lines :")

A lass if born in June with a caul
Will wed, hev bairns & rear 'em all.
But a lass if born with a caul in July,
Will lose her caul & young will die.
Every month beside luck comes with a caul
If safe put by,

If lost she may cry;

For ill-luck on her will fall.

For man it's luck-be born when he may-
If it safe be kept ye mind,
But if lost it be he'll find
Ill-deed his lot for many a day.

When the writer went out to France during the war an old Yorkshire couple gave him one of their most treasured possessions-a caul in a silver box of antique workmanship which was so small as to go into the corner of a waistcoat pocket. They would take no refusal, though I pointed out the likelihood of its being lost, after they had said they wouldn't lose this treasure for anything. However, they were so sure that I could neither be drowned nor killed whilst carrying the caul," that they felt quite certain of receiving it back. As is fell out the Germans got the talisman (at Equancourt) when they broke through our line on the Cambrai front and probably threw the mysterious shrivelled contents of the box away. The old couple never knew of their loss, for they both died before the end of the war.

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Mr. P. Shaw Jeffrey, in his Whitby Lore and Legend,' says:-

recent

In the days of Nelson, when seagoing was far more dangerous than now, a child's caul in the Royal Navy fetched as much as £30. The long period of comparative safety at sea brought down the price as low as 1s. or 1s. 6d. When, however, the submarines got to work, and the dangers of seagoing increased, the price began to rise steadily, so that within a short time the value of a child's caul stood at three guineas, and even higher prices were realised. This is a very striking proof that, even in these days of higher education, superstition and danger go hand in hand. The child's caul is regarded as a safeguard against death by drowning. The origin of the belief is that, at the time of birth, the caul, which envelops the head of the child, is full of water, & if not immediately removed, would literally drown the newly-born infant! Because the child is thus saved from drowning, the caul is looked upon as a charm against drowning. J. FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH.

Grove House, Norton-on-Tees.

A FOURTEENTH CENTURY RAID.--The following list is not only interesting, it is also an important contribution to the literature ancient of comparative market values in (mediaeval) and modern times. It is taken from Vol. ii of the Calendar of Inquisitions' (Miscellaneous) issued by the Record Commissioners, and tells of a foray or raid made by certain Staffordshire men on the house of one of their own kin in the year 1324, two years after Thomas Earl of Lancaster's defeat at Boroughbridge, when, in so many instances, brethren of the same blood were arrayed one against the other, originating family feuds which in some cases persisted for years after.

The Inquisition, which was held at Essynton, Co. Stafford, on the Tuesday next after St. Luke, 18 Edw. II. (1324), returned that Nicholas de Swynnerton Parson of [Mucclestone], David his groom, Sir Richard [de Swynnerton] le Bedul, chaplain, and John de Charnes had broken vi et armis into the close of John de Swynnerton of Hilton, and carried off thence the following goods :4 brazen pots and one posnet basin with 2 ewers shield with 1 saddle and 2 bits, 1 habergeon, 1 ventail, and 1 collaret

1

1

... ...

...

valued at 52 shillings. mark.

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3

habergeons

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10 marks. 20 shillings.

3

bacinets

...

1

pair of jambers,

cuisseurs, and poleyns

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30 shillings.

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The last three entries illumine the whole catalogue.

The obsolete words of this list may be found in any good dictionary, with perhaps the exception of barhude, i.e., bearhide,

a box so covered.

CHARLES SWYNNERTON, F.S. A.

EDMUND HARRISON OF THE BRODERERS' COMPANY.-Among other plate owned by the Broderers' Company are the two celebrated cups presented respectively by John Parr and Edmund Harrison, replicas of which are in the South Kensington Museum. On the guest nights of this Company these cups are handed round with interesting ceremony, and the memory of their donors recalled and duly honoured. On the outside rim of the lid of the cup presented by Edmund Harrison is engraved:

The Gift of Edmund Harrison, Imbroiderer to our late Soveraigne Lord King James deceased, and unto Our Soveraigne Lord King Charles, that now is, 24th Jan. 1628: then being Warden of the Company of Broderers.

And on the foot of the cup runs the legend : E. HARRISON Ob: 9 Jan. 1666 AE 77, was a parishioner of Cripplegate. At the age of 40 he married Jane the eldest daughter of Thos. Godfrey Esqr of Hodiford in Kent, by whome he had 12 sons and 9 daughters, of whom 5 only survived him viz Godfrey, Edmund, Peter, Sarah and Jane.

This Edmund Harrison was buried in St. Giles's, Cripplegate, where a monument, with an inscription to his memory, remains. Jane, his wife, was the eldest daughter of 'Thomas Godfrey by his second wife, and was the eldest daughter of his 18 children by his two wives. Thomas Godfrey married firstly Margaret only daughter of William Lambarde, the well-known Kentish antiquary. She was born in 1586, and died on 30 June, 1611; there is a monument to her on the east wall of the south aisle of Winchelsea Church. Thomas Godfrey married secondly Sarah Iles. By her he had twin sons and another son, all of whom died when infants; and then a daughter, Jane. Subsequently they were the parents of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, whose mysterious murder created such a sensation. So that when their daughter married Edmund Harrison--who, as his monument describes him, "had lived above 40 yeeres a batchelour "-in 1629, the year after he had presented the cup to his Company, she could scarcely have been more than 15 years of age.

On the east wall of the Cloister of Westminster Abbey, near the entrance to the Chapter House, is a monument placed there to the memory of one of Jane's younger brothers who died whilst a pupil at Westminster School under the famous Richard ("Birchard by us," as is recorded in a diary by another of his pupils) Busby. The names of all the family are recorded, and

SO

amongst them that of Jane Harrison: that in its way it remains a monument of her.

Doubtless the Broderers will extend to this monument the same reverent care that they devote to that of her husband in St. Giles.

Amongst Weever's MS. extracts for his 'Funeral Monuments,' from the Register of Halling (Kent) which has now disappeared, is the following under "Burials":

1613 July 24 . . . The same day two abortive gentleman were buried. sonnes and twinnes of Mr. Thomas Godfrey

Jane Harrison had another brother called Michael, whose son Michael was so tragically "Godfreyed" at the Seige of Namur, on 17 July, 1695, aged 37. He was at the time Deputy Governor of the Bank of England, in the formation of which he had taken a prominent part. Macaulay in his 'History' wrongly attributes this to his father, who died in 1691, aged 67.

F. LAMBARDE.

CURIOUS SNUFFBOX (cf. ante p. 450).-I have a snuffbox in the form of a small book in leather binding, stamped and tooled, on the back 'Don Juan.' It is composed of a large number of pages, gilt-edged, properly bound up, but having a vesica-shaped cavity cut though the centre of all the pages from cover to cover, lined with leather. The front cover opens with, a spring catch, and is a great surprise to anyone looking at it as a book, and fingering the edges of leaves and covers.

WALTER E. GAWTHORP.

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POEM ATTRIBUTED TO DRYDEN.-Can any reader throw a light upon the following extract which occurs in a curious MS. of about 1679-80? It purports to be a catalogue of goods to be sold by auction at The Royall Coffee House neare Charing Crosse.’ 44. L. A strict treaty betweene France and England, being a factious Novell written by the D. of Buck: at the ffrench Camp at Hers wick July the 16th 1672, since turned into Heroick verse by John Dryden poet Laureat, and now knowne by the name of the Conquest of England.

I can find no mention of the poem among Dryden's works.

EVELYN NEWTON.

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GIFFARD OF TWYFORD, CO. BUCKS.-Can any reader throw light on this family? A chart is given in Baker's Northamptonshire,' in Giffard's Family of Giffard,' and in the Visitations of Oxford.' The table comes to an end in Ursula, dau. of Thomas Giffard (d. 4 Edward VI), who mar. Sir Thomas Wenman, Kt., of Carswell, Co. Oxon (d. 19 Eliz.). This Wenman Οι Wayneman family also occurs in .' Visit. Oxon,' and in 'Roger Giffard,' who had a son,

Giffard, of St. James's Abbey, Duston.

certain William Giffard, of Swavensey, Co.
I am anxious to carry this table further. A
Cantab., circ. 1620, or a descendant of his,
mentions the descendants of this Giffard of
Duston as being relatives, and as having
stayed at the Abbey with them, evidently
they were cousins. I have the complete
table from William G. down to the present
day, but am unable, so far, to link them
I shall be extremely grateful for help.
C. A. H. FRANKLIN.
St. Thomas's Hospital, S.E.1.
GENTLEMAN PENSIONER EXTRAORDINARY.-
In the books of the Guildhall Court (for
civil cases) held before the Mayor and
Recorder of the Borough of King's Lynn on
23 March, 6th Car. I, occurs this entry:

THE REV. WILLIAM MOORE (OB. 1705).—To up. what University did the Rev. William Moore belong? He died intestate 1705. He was ordained Priest in the diocese of Ferns 25 March, 1682. He is styled Clerk of Dublin in ecclesiastical papers of the diocese of Ferns; and also called M.A. Dublin (Trinity College), Oxford and Cambridge fail, after exhaustive enquiry, to reveal him. He was "Under master of Kildare," 1681. He married twice, first Elizabeth Masterson, née West; secondly, Alice Whitfield, née Martin. Both wives were of good family. The Rev. William Moore is mentioned in a footnote under Bulkeley' in Collins's Peerage' (Mervyn Archdale's edition, Vol. ii, p. 22).

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By Alice Whitfield, née Martin, he had

4 sons; the eldest was another William

are

Moore of Tinrahen, Co. Wexford, m.
Frances Hodson of Coolkenno. Both
buried in Ballycanew churchyard, Co. Wex-
ford. The son of William Moore of
Tinrahen, Lorenzo Moore, b. 1744, d. 1801,
was M.P. for Dungannon in Grattan's par-
liament, Colonel in Battle Ахе Guards;
married Henrietta Janssen, only child and
heiress of Sir Stephen Theodore Janssen, Bt.
The Rev. William Moore died 1705, was
Rector of Kiltennel, Curate of Ballycanew,
Prebendary of Clones.

Where and when was he ordained Deacon?
Where and when did he get his degree?
Who were his parents?

KATHARINE BATHURST.

John Taylor Esqr. sworne gent penconer extraordinarie to his Matie the xxvijth day of December 1630 by ye Comand of the Earle of Suffolke Captayne

RICH GREEN.

What were the rights and duties of Gentlemen Pensioners Extraordinary?

E. B. O. K. L.

was

THOMAS BOWSFIELD.-He was in 1581 Principal of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford. In Cooper's Athena Cant.' it is stated that he was educated at Merchant Taylors' School. He was at Pembroke College, Cantab., but in 1577 was incorporated at Oxford and commenced M.A. there. In 1581 he admitted Principal of St. Edmund's Hall and in the following year was made prebendary of Grimston and Yatminster, in the church of Sarum. He resigned the headship of St. Edmund Hall, 26 Feb., 1600. After this we can find no trace of him. I have searched in vain: it is possible that some of your readers can give information about Bowsfield. Is there a mural tablet to his.

memory, or was he buried in the Cathedral or its precincts? M.A.

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on the

is an account in the 'D. N. B.,' and one Mr. Berry of Canterbury, on their way from Lyons to Padua crossed the Albula Pass. They took seven hours going from Borgon (Bergün) to Lepante (Ponte), and way down they met with continual ice. On the left hand of the way was the rise of the hill, on the right a steep descent, and so armed with the points of rocks, that some laden mules falling down not long before we passed, were broken in several pieces ere they came to the bottom. Here Mr. Berry, of our company, not willing to light as the rest did, fell down, horse and all; where he had certainly perished, had he not miraculously stopped upon a great stone ere he fell two yards, which saved them both from much

harm.

In three hours more they came to a very mean lodging at Pontrazin (Pontresina), where they spent the night, and the next day crossed the Bellina (Bernina) Pass in six hours, dined at Posiagore (Poschiavo), and lodged at Madonna di Tyrano.

On their way from Trent to Chur in the month of March, 1664/5, John Ray and Francis Willughby (both of whom have their places in the D. N. B.') were accompanied by two young men who had been Ray's pupils at Trinity College, Cambridge, viz., (1) Philip Skippon (knighted 19 Apr. 1674), son of Philip Skippon (as to whom see the D. N. B.') and Maria Comes, his first wife; and (2) Nathanael or Nathaniel Bacon. These four Englishmen, having spent the night of the 21st at Gharf (Cierfs) passed the "mountain of Bufalora (the Open Pass) on the 22nd, in seven or eight hours, dined at Zernetz, and lodged at Ponte. There they spent the next day, and on the 23rd crossed the Albula in violent snow-storm, and lodged at Bergün

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It would be interesting to know whether Reresby and Berry were the first Englishmen to visit the Engadine, and any information concerning Berry and Nathanael Bacon would be welcome.

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. SPURIOUS PROOF OF J. R. SMITH'S

GEORGE, PRINCE OF WALES.'-In The Print Collectors' Quarterly for Oct., 1922, there is an article by Mr. Mark W. Hall, of the British Museum, on the mezzotint portrait of George, Prince of Wales, by J. R. Smith. after Thomas Gainsborough. The size of the original plate in 257 × 177 inches. This represents the Prince, full length, in military uniform, standing by his horse.

At the conclusion of the article there is this paragraph:—

Note.-An impression has been seen with a Duke of Cornwall, printed from a separate scratched inscription and title George

plate and pasted over a lettered state of

George, Prince of Wales. This spurious proof was probably done early in the 19th century to further the sale of the portrait in the West of England.

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Where are

Until I sent this impression for inspection by the authorities at the British Museum, they were unaware that the portrait existed with such a (spurious) title, and a wellknown London dealer whom I consulted had never seen this scratched separate plate title. It is, of course, inconceivable that there Western counties, at all events. should not be others, somewhere in Hall know should I be able to obtain any they? I have promised to let Mr. Mark further information about the print. HUGH G. CUMMING. BOCCACCIO'S DECAMERONE.'-Would any with a list reader obligingly supply me (giving place, date and whether expurgated or not) of Italian and English editions of this work, or refer me to sources where it could be obtained? I know that, prior to 1827, more than a hundred editions had issued from the Italian press, but I should welcome notices even of the chief amongst them. I am aware of the following Italian re-impressions: 1470 (the first); 1573 (Florence), known as the Edizione dei Deputati and emended; 1582 (Venice), emended by Leonardo Salviati; 1590 (Venice), emended by Cieco d'Adria; 1594 (Venice), reprinted and 1820, 1827 (Florence) by Salviati; unemended. Of the English editions I know absolutely nothing. J. B. McGOVERN.

HENRY WILIAM HULL graduated M. A. at Oxford University from Oriel College in 1828. Can any correspondent give me the date and place of his death? Neither Foster's Alum. Oxon.' nor Shadwell's 'Oriel College Register' supplies the required information. G. F. R. B.

"AN UNCONSCIONABLE TIME IN DYING.

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Who was the King who apologized for taking Who was the King who apologized for taking such an unconscionable time in dying? Not, I think, Charles II. Authority is desired. H. C-N.

THE LUSIGNAN FAMILY AND THE FAIRY MELUSINE. published at 5 S. vi. 324. Are there transla-A. list of French books on this subject was tions of any of these published?

HESPERIAN.

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