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The account books of a common farmer,' says Mr. Loudon, may be a cash book for all receipts and payments, specifying each; a ledger for accounts with dealers and tradesmen; and a stock book for taking an inventory and valuation of stock, crop, manures, tillages (and every thing that a tenant could dispose of or be paid for on quitting his farm), once a year. Farming may be carried on with the greatest accuracy and safety, as to money matters, by means of the above books, and a few pocket memorandum books for laborers' time, jobs, &c. With the exception of a time book (such as is hereafter described), we should never require more, even from a proprietor's bailiff; to many of whom the nine forms just given would only puzzle;—to some we have known them lead to the greatest errors and confusion. No form of books, or mode of procedure, will enable a farmer to know whether he is losing or gaining, but that of taking stock.'

The Time Book, Mr. Loudon recommends, may be made useful, as he suggests, in every department of agriculture and on every scale of management, though most necessary for bailiffs, where a number of day laborers are employed on improvements. It is a folio volume, ruled so

as to read across both pages, with columns titled, as in the specimen annexed. In this the bailiff or master inserts the name of every hand; and the time in days, or proportions of a day, which each person under his care has been at work, and the particular work he or she has been engaged in. At the end of each week the bailiff or master sums up the time from the preceding Saturday or Monday, to the Friday or Saturday inclusive; the sum due or to be advanced to each man is put in one column, and when the man receives it he writes the word received in the column before it, and signs his name as a receipt in the succeeding column. The Time Book, therefore, will show what every man has been engaged in during every hour in the year for which he has been paid, and it will also contain receipts for every sum, however trifling, which has been paid by the bailiff for rural labor.' 'In short, it would be difficult to contrive a book more satisfactory for both master and servant than the Time Book, as it prevents, as far as can well be done, the latter from deceiving either himself or his employer, and remains an authentic indisputable record of work done, and of vouchers for money paid during the whole period of the bailiff's services."

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1824, Sept. 8th to 15th. Time, Expense, and Occupation of hired Servants and Laborers employed at ·

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Advances

1 5 0 Reed. 150 H. Todd.

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Ploughman hired by the year.

53.03. 0 16 6

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500 Recd. 5 0 0 Fox & Co.

H. Smith. Laborer by the job.

00

Amount........ 1 17 6

Reed. 0 6 0 A. Hall.

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Ploughing in Elms At
Saturday.
Vale.

Sunday.

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church, Carting oats and Carting oats In the fallow field In the fallow In the fallow field There have been only No. 7. from 203. and reading]

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hoeing.

Carting wheat from At

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Superintending the On a visit.

women at turnip hoeing.

rick Levelling in No. In the garden cart. The same.

Attending the poul- At church in Attending Char- Sifting in the

try, pigs, &c.

At the new road at
Digging drains in
Bawdry.

fallow field,

No.

the even

ing.

calved cow.

7.

cow Charlotte,
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Charlotte.

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two days of sunshine!
this week, when the
thermometer was at]
50 deg. and 52 deg. the
rest of the week cloudy
and cold, the ther-
mometer not above 48
deg. The fallows work!
well, and the clay
burus with less fuel
than usual. Crop now!
half got in.

Hall the lime-burner,|

has got one of Booker's
new lime kilns nearly
Cow Charlotte died on
completed.
Thursday evening.

fallow field No.

road

at Bawdry.

Bawdry.

7.

fallow field. No. drains in falfield,

Digging drains in

in fallow field

low

7.

No.

7.

FARMER (Hugh), a learned dissenting minister, born at Shrewsbury in 1714. He was descended from a respectable family in North Wales; and, after receiving the first part of his education at a school in Llangerin, was for some time under the tutorage of Dr. Charles Owen. When about sixteen years of age, he was sent to prosecute his studies under the celebrated Dr. Doddridge, at Northampton. Mr. Farmer first became chaplain

in the family of William Coward, Esq. of Walthamstow in Essex, and minister to a dissenting congregation in that village. He next resided with William Snell, Esq., a respectable dissenter of the neighbourhood; and in his family Mr. Farmer lived for thirty years, still continuing his connexion with the congregation at Walthamstow. Upon the day of thanksgiving appointed for the suppression of the rebellion, in 1745, he delivered a very apposite sermon, which he was induced to publish the following year. His next publication was entitled An Enquiry into the Nature and Design of our Lord's Temptation in the Wilderness, 8vo. In this work Mr. Farmer labors to demonstrate that the whole of the temptations were transacted in vision, and that they were particularly intended to point out to Jesus the difficulties and duties of his subsequent ministry. Whatever singularity of opinion appeared in this work, the originality of thought and profound erudition with which it was supported, gained it a rapid and extensive circulation, and called forth the abilities of those who were of a different opinion. It is generally thought, however, that of all Mr. Farmer's literary productions, his Dissertation on Miracles, designed to show that they are arguments of a divine interposition, and absolute proofs of the mission and doctrine of a prophet, published in 1771, is the most masterly. Notwithstanding the many able treatises upon that subject, which have appeared, some have considered this work in many respects as without a rival. His next publication was An Essay on the Demoniacs of the New Testament, which he maintains to have been only natural diseases. This work seems to be a completion of what the author had designed in his Dissertation on Miracles. Mr. Farmer was for several years the sole pastor of the congregation at Walthamstow, but in 1761 an able colleague was appointed him, in consequence of which he became the afternoon preacher to the congregation of Salter's Hall, London, and, in a short time after, the Tuesday lecturer at the same place. As he advanced in years, he resigned his ministerial employments, much to the regret of the people under his charge. His last performance was entitled The General Prevalence of the Worship of Human Spirits in the Ancient Heathen Nations Asserted and Proved; which was attacked by Mr. Fell, in an acute and learned treatise in 1785. In the same year Mr. Farmer was afflicted with a disease in his eyes, which almost deprived him of sight. From this time, however, his infirmities increased, and he died at Walthamstow in 1787, in the seventythird year of his age. In his last will his executors were directed to burn all his manuscripts; but some of his letters and fragments of a Dissertation on the Story of Balaam, were published in 1804 with his life prefixed.

FARMER (Richard), an English divine and antiquary, born at Leicester in 1735. His father was a hosier in that town, and, after receiving the rudiments of his education there, he became a student at Cambridge, and pensioner of Emanuel College. Here his diligence and success in obtaining a knowledge of books, as well as the quickness of his memory, were early observed; and he was made B. A. in 1757, and M. A. in 1760, in which year also he was appointed classical tutor. After officiating some time as a curate, he, in 1767, took the degree of B. D. and became one of the preachers at Whitehall. While Mr. Farmer paid considerable attention to Grecian and Roman authors, he also applied himself particularly to old English literature; and An Essay on the Learning of Shakspeare, published in 1766, contributed principally to his literary fame. Of this performance, which was much admired for the sprightliness of its composition, three editions were sold in a very short time. Mr. Farmer was now noticed and patronised in his profession: by the influence of bishop Hurd, he was promoted to the chancellorship and a prebend in the cathedral of Litchfield; and in 1775 was chosen master of Emanuel College, and took his degree of D.D. Not long after, he was appointed principal librarian to the university, and served in turn the office of vicechancellor. Lord North, at that time primeminister, made him prebendary of Canterbury, and Mr. Pitt repeatedly offered him a bishopric; but the constraints and solemnity of the episcopal character did not suit his natural disposition, and he not only declined accepting a bishopric, but resigned his office as prebendary for a residentaryship of St. Paul's. By this it was necessary he should reside three months annually in London, and these he spent in the company of literary characters with pleasure and advantage. He was particularly instrumental in amending the police of Cambridge, with regard to the paving and lighting the streets. He had collected ample materials for a history of the town and antiquities of Leicester, which he intended to publish by subscription, but relinquished the design; and Mr. Nichols being engaged in writing a history of that county, the doctor gave what he had collected, with the plates, to him. Dr. Farmer died at Emanuel College, in 1797, in the sixtysecond year of his age. His collection of scarce and curious books, which was very extensive, was disposed of a short time after his death.

FARMINGTON, a large, pleasant, and wealthy town in Hartford county, Connecticut. The river meanders delightfully through charming intervales, which beautify and enrich this town. The houses, in the compact part of the town, stand chiefly on the street that runs north and south along the gentle declivity of a hill which ascends east of the vallies. About the centre of the street there is a large and handsome congregational church. This town was settled as early as 1645, and its boundaries were then very extensive. Several towns have been since taken from it. It lies ten miles south-west of Hartford.

FARN ISLANDS, two groups of little islands and rocks, seventeen in number, opposite to Bam

borough castle in Northumberland. At low water the points of several others are visible besides the seventeen just mentioned. The nearest island to the shore is called the House Island, and lies exactly one mile and sixty-eight chains from the coast. The most distant is about seven or eight miles. Their produce is kelp, feathers, and a few seals, which the tenants watch and shoot for the sake of the oil and skins. Some of them yield a little grass that serves to feed a cow or two; which the people transport over in their little boats.

FARNABIE, or FARNABY (Thomas), an eminent grammarian, son of a London carpenter, was born in 1575. While at Oxford, being enticed to abandon his religion, he went to Spain, and was there educated in a college belonging to the Jesuits. Being weary of their severe discipline, he went with Sir John Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake in their last voyage in 1595. He was afterwards a soldier in the Low Countries: but being reduced to great want, returned to England, where after wandering about for some time, under the name of Thomas Bainrafe (the anagram of his name), he settled at Mattock in Somersetshire, and taught grammar with reputation. He removed to London, and opened a school. While here he was made M. A. at Cambridge, and incorporated into the university of Oxford. Thence he removed, in 1636, to SevenOaks in Kent; and raised a respectable school. Upon the breaking out of the civil war, in 1641, he was cast into prison. It was debated, in the house of commons, whether he should be sent to America; but, this motion being rejected, he was removed to Ely-house in Holborn, where he died, June 12th, 1647. Many writers have spoken with great approbation of his labors. M. Bayle says, his notes upon most of the ancient Latin poets have been of very great use to young beginners; being short, learned, and designed chiefly to clear up the text.'

FARNESE, the name of a distinguished family in Italy, of which the most remarkable were, 1. Peter Louis Farnese, the son of Alexander, afterwards pope Paul III. He was created duke of Parma and Placentia in 1545, but, becoming universally hated for his tyranny and debauchery, fell by the hands of an assassin in 1547. 2. His eldest son, Alexander, born 1520, was raised by Clement VII. to the see of Parma, and created a cardinal by his grandfather, Paul III. He was also dean of the Sacred College, and distinguished both by his learning and virtues. He was repeatedly employed as nuncio to the courts of Vienna and Paris, and died at Rome in 1589. 3. Alexander, third duke of Parma, was a nephew of his, and distinguished as a military commander under Philip II. of Spain. He succeeded Don John of Austria in the government of the Low Countries in 1578; and was designed to have commanded the Spanish army which embarked with the Armada for the conquest of England. He died in 1592 at Arras, aged fortysix.

FARNHAM, or FERNHAM, a market town of Surry, thirty-eight miles from London, and twelve west from Guildford. It is a populous place, situated on the Wey, and supposed to

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