Seven times already hath Israel mutinied against Moses, and seven times hath either been threatened or punished; yet now they fall to it afresh. Bp. Hall's Contemplations. They fell to raising money under pretence of the relief of Ireland. Clarendon. They would needs fall to the practice of those virtues which they before learned. Sidney. The men were fashioned in a larger mould, The women fit for labour, big and bold; Gigantick hinds, as soon as work was done, To their huge pots of boiling pulse would run; Fall to, with eager joy, on homely food. Dryden. My laay falls to play: so bad her chance, He must repair it. Pope. To fall under. To be subject to; to become the subject of. To be ranged with; to be reckoned with. We know the effects of heat will be such as will scarce fall under the conceit of men, if the force of it be altogether kept in. Bacon's Nat. Hist. Those things which are wholly in the choice of Taylor. another, fall under our deliberation. The idea of the painter and the sculptor is undoubtedly that perfect and excellent example of the mind, by imitation of which imagined form all things are represented which fall under human sight. Dryden's Dufresnoy. No rules that relate to pastoral can affect the Georgicks, which fall under that class of poetry which consists in giving plain instructions to the reader. Addison on the Georgicks. To fall upon. To attack; to invade; to assault; to rush against; to attempt. I do not intend to fall upon nice philosophical disquisitions about the nature of time. Holder. Auria falling upon the gallies, had with them a cruel and deadly fight. Knolles. At the same time that the storm bears upon the whole species, we are falling foul upon one another. Addison. To get rid of fools and scoundrels was one part of my design in falling upon these authors. Pope. FALL OF MAN. See THEOLOGY. FALLACY, n. s. FALLA'CIOUS, adj. FALLA'CIOUSLY, adv. FALLA'CIOUSNESS, n. 8. French, falláce; Ital. fallacia; Span. Sand Port. falacés; Lat. fallacia, fallar, deceitful. A deceit; sophism; logomachy; deceitful or unfounded argument. Fallacious is misleading or deceitful. Until I know this sure uncertainty, I'll entertain the favoured fallacy. Shakspeare. It were a mere fallacy and mistaking, to ascribe that to the force of imagination upon another body, which is the force of imagination upon the proper body. Bacon. The force of that fallacious fruit, Milton's Paradise Lost. Id. We shall so far encourage contradiction, as to promise not to oppose any pen that shall fallaciously refute us. Browne. The inconstant opinions, uncertain resolutions, mutable affections, and fallacious pretences of men, upon which the accomplishment of most projects rely, may easily deceive and disappoint us. Barrow. Most princes make themselves another thing from the people by a fallacy of argument, thinking themselves most kings when the subject is most basely subjected. Sidney. All men, who can see an inch before them, may casily detect gross fallacies. Dryden. The Jews believed and assented to things neither evident nor certain, nor yet so much as probable, but actually false and fallacious; such as the absurd doctrines and stories of their rabbies. South's Sermons. We have seen how fallaciously the author has stated the cause, by supposing that nothing but unlimited mercy, or unlimited punishment, are the methods that can be made use of. Addison. But as a scale by which the soul ascends From mighty means to more important ends; Securely, though by steps but rarely trod, Mounts from inferior beings up to God, And sees, by no fallacious light or dim, Earth made for man, and man himself for him. Cowper. FALLACY, in philosophy, false appearance. The Epicureans deny that there is any such thing as a fallacy of the senses. According to them, all our sensations and perceptions, both of sense and phantasy, are true; whence they make sense the primary criterion of truth. The Cartesians, on the other hand, maintain, that we should suspect as false, or at most as dubious, every thing that presents itself to us by means only of the external senses, because they frequently deceive us; and that our senses, as being fallacious, were never given us by nature for the discovery of truth, or the contemplation of the principles of things; but only for pointing out to us what things are convenient or hurtful to our bodies. The Peripatetics keep a middle course. They say, that, if a sensible object be taken in its common or general view, the sense cannot be deceived about it; but that, if the object be taken under its specific view, the sense may be mistaken about it, from the want of the dispositions necessary to a just sensation, as a disorder in the organ, or any thing uncommon in the medium: thus, in some disorders of the eye, all objects appear yellow: a stick in water appears broken or crooked, &c. Do not falsify your resolution with hopes that are fallible: to-morrow you must die. Shakspeare. He that creates to himself thousands of little hopes, uncertain in the promise, fallible in the event, and depending upon a thousand circumstances, often fails in his expectations. Taylor. Our intellectual er rational powers need some assistance, because they are so frail and fallible in the present state. Watts. There is a great deal of fallibility in the testimony of men; yet some things we may be almost as certain of, as that the sun shines, or that five twenties make a hundred. Id. To take our religious sentiments only from his gospel, in opposition to all the authoritative dictates of men, who are weak and fallible as ourselves. Mason, FALLOPIAN TUBES. See ANATOMY. FALLOPIUS (Gabriel), a celebrated physician and anatomist, born at Modena in 1523, and descended of a noble family. He made several discoveries in anatomy, one of which was that of the vessels, called after him the Fallopian tubes. He travelled through the greatest part of Europe: was made professor of anatomy at Pisa in 1548, and at Padua in 1551, where he died in 1562, aged thirty-nine. His writings, which are numerous, were first printed separately, and afterwards collected under the title of Opera genuina omnia, tam practica quam theoretica, in tres tomos distributa.' They were printed at Venice in 1585, and in 1606; at Francfort in 1600, and in 1606, in folio. 6 FALLOW, adj. n. s. & Sax. paleye; Isl. FALLOWNESS, n. s. [v. a. } faulur; Bel. fual; Swed. fal; Lat. fulvus, a pale yellow. A fallow field is so called, according to Minsheu, because it looketh of fallow color.' This, however, seems doubtful, as there is a Saxon noun fealga, a kind of plough; and Teut. fulgen is to plough; Arab. falaha, is also ploughing; tillage; and the Falahs or Foulahs of Africa,' as Mr. Thomson observes, are boors.' Pale, yellow, or red; unsowed; ploughed but not sowed: hence unoccupied; neglected. As a substantive, fallow is ground in any of these last-mentioned states. To fallow is to plough in order to a second aration; to grow yellow; fade. Fallowness is barrenness; fruitlessness. How does your fallow greyhound, sir? Shakspeare. Howel's Vocal Forest. The plowing of fallows is a benefit to land. Mortimer. The best ploughs to plow up Summer fallow with. Id. Begin to plow up fallows: this first fallowing ought to be very shallow. Id. Husbandry. Then o'er the fallowed ground How leisurely they work, and many a pause The' harmonious concert breaks, till more assured, With joy redoubled the low vallies ring. Somerville. FALMOUTH, a town of Cornwall, on a fine bay of the English Channel. The town consists principally of one street, extending nearly a mile along the beach, and is tolerably well built. It is the richest sea-port and market town of the county, and larger than any three of its other boroughs. It has so commodious a harbour, that ships of the greatest burden come up to its quay. It is guarded by the castles of St. Mawes and Pendennis, on high rocks at the entrance; both of which are now strongly fortified, and garrisoned by invalids, with an establishment for a governor at £300 per annum, and a deputy governor at £91. The roadstead is deep, and the shelter afforded by the number of creeks in it is so good, that the whole British navy may ride safely here in any wind, it being, next to Plymouth and Milford Haven, the best road for shipping on our coasts. It is well built; and its trade is considerably increased since the establishment of packet boats for Spain, Portugal, and the West Indies. The custom-house for most of the Cornish towns, as well as the head collector, is settled here, where the duties, including those of the other ports, are very considerable. A considerable pilchard fishery is carried on here. It is a corporation, governed by a mayor and alderman; and has a market on Thursday, and fairs July 27th and October 30th. Falmouth is ten miles south of Truro, and 269 west by south of London. FALMOUTH, a sea-port town of Antigua, on the south shore, between English Harbour and Rendezvous Bay, seven miles south-east of St. John's. FALMOUTH, a town of Jamaica, called also the Point, on the south side of Martha Brae Harbour. Long. 61° 28′ W., lat. 17° 9′ N. FALMOUTH, a town of the United States, in the district of Maine, Cumberland county, seated on Casco Bay, 120 miles N. N. E. of Boston. FALMOUTH, a township of Massachusetts, in Barnstaple county, fifty miles south-east by south of Boston, on the north-east of Vineyard Sound. It was burnt by the British in 1775. FALMOUTH, a township of Nova Scotia, in Hants county, opposite Windsor, twenty-eight miles north-west of Halifax. FALMOUTH, a town of Pennsylvania, in Lancaster county, twenty miles west of Lancaster. FALMOUTH, a town of Virginia, in Stafford county, on the north bank of the Rappahannock; twenty-three miles south-west of Dumfries. FALSE, adj., adv. & v. a.) FALSEFA CED, adj. FALSE HEART, Sax. Falre; Fr. faux, fausse; Ital. Span. and Port. falso; Goth. fals FALSEHEART'EDNESS, n. s. (from fela, to cover FALSE HEARTED, FALSE HOOD, n. s. FALSE'LY, adv. FALSE'NESS, n. s. FALSE'R, FALSIFIABLE, adj. FALSIFICATION, n. s. FAL'SIFIER, not or conceal, says Mr. Thomson); Lat. falsus; deceived. Untrue; supposititious; deceitful; dishonest; treacherous; FAL'SIFY, v. a. & v. n. according to rule: FAL'SITY, n. s. as an adverb, not truly, honestly, or exactly (a barbarism). To false is an obsolete verb, expressing, to make false (a pledge or promise implied); to deceive; evade: falsefaced, falseheart, and falsehearted, all mean deceitful, the first being applied to ap pearances, the last two to motives: as our great bard says, 'False face must hide what the false heart doth know.' Falsehood, falseness, and falsity, are want of, or contrariety to truth; duplicity sometimes falsehood and falsity express simply want of verbal truth; sometimes intentional deception; a lie; counterfeit ; imposture. See the extract from Dr. Paley. (We only hope it will be felt that his list of non-criminal falsehoods is sufficiently copious). Falsifiable is liable to be counterfeited: "falsification, the act of counterfeiting or making any thing appear what it is not, as well as that of making the falsehood of any deceitful thing appear; confutation: to falsify is used also in these different senses, viz. it signifies to confute; to counterfeit, forge, or corrupt; as well as to violate a pledge given: as a neuter verb it meaus to tell falsehoods. Dryden's labored defence (see below) of his use of the verb active, seems almost needless: a shield is falsified when it is pierced, in the same sense as an argument when it is confuted, i. e. the falshood of its assumed character is made to appear. Dr. Johnson says, 'Dryden, with all this effort, was not able to naturalise the new signification, which I have never seen copied, except once by some obscure nameless' writer, and which, indeed deserves not to be received.' We have copied a far more barbarous use of falsify as a substantive, first quoted by Mr. Todd, from Beaumont and Fletcher. In your answers there remains falshood. Job. Can you on him such falsities obtrude? And such end, pardie, does all them remain, Fair seemly pleasance each to other makes, Id. Id. Faerie Queene. A falsity may spoil his cringe, Beaumont and Fletcher. Coronation. Take a vessel, and make a false bottom of coarse canvass fill it with earth above the canvass. Bacon. A man to whom he had committed the trust of his person, in making him his chamberlain, this man, no ways disgraced, no ways discontent, no ways put in fear, turns false unto him. Id. Henry VI. The traitorous or treacherous, who have misled others, are severely punished; and the neutrals and falsehearted friends and followers, who have started aside like a broken bow, he noted. Id. To counterfeit the dead image of a king in his coin is an high offence; but to counterfeit the living image of a king in his person, exceedeth all falsifications; except it should be that of a Mahomet, that counterfeits Divine honour. Id. Club and coffee-house gentlemen, petty merchants of small conceits, who have an empty habit of prating without meaning, always aim at wit, and generally make false fire. Saville. For how can that be false which every tongue Of every mortal man affirms for true? Which truth hath in all been so strong, ages As, loadstone like, all hearts it ever drew. Davies. Men are spunges, which, to pour out, receive; Who know false play, rather than lose, deceive. Donne. Piety is opposed to hypocrisy and insincerity, and all falseness or foulness of intention, especially to personated devotion. Hammond's Fundamentals, To seek to the second means, with neglect of the first, is the fruit of a false faith. Bp. Hall's Contemplations. Artificer of fraud; he was the first That practised falsehood under saintly show. Milton That Danubius ariseth from the Pyrenean hills, and that the earth is higher towards the North, are opinions truly charged on Aristotle by the restorer of Epicurus, and all easily confutable falsities. Glanville's Scepsis. Suppose the reverse of virtue were solemnly enacted, and the practice of fraud and rapine, and perjury and falseness to a man's word, and all vice were established by a law, would that which we now call vice gain the reputation of virtue, and that which we now call virtue grow odious to human nature? Tillotson. There was no hypocrisy or falseheartedness in all this. Stilling fleet. So hast thou cheated Theseus with a wile, Dryden. A farce is that in poetry which grotesque is in a picture the persons and actions of a farce are all unnatural, and the manners false; that is, inconsistent with the characters of mankind. Tell him, I did in vain his brother move, And yet he falsely said he was in love; Falsely; for had he truly loved, at least Id. His crest is rashed away, his ample shield Is falsified, and round with jav❜lins filled. Id. I used the word falsify, in this place, to mean that the shield of Turnus was not proof against the spears and javelins of the Trojans, which had pierced it through and through in many places. The words which accompany this new one, makes my meaning plain : Ma si l' Usbergo d' Ambi era perfetto, Ariosto, cant. xxvi. Falsar cannot otherwise be turned than by falsified : for, his shield was falsed, is not English. I might indeed have contented myself with saying, his shield was pierced, and bored, and stuck with javelins. Id. The heart of man looks fair, but when we come to lay any weight upon it, the ground is false under us. L'Estrange. Boasters are naturally falsifiers, and the people of all others, that put their shams the worst together. The poet invents this fiction to prevent posterity from searching after this isle, and to preserve his story from detection of falsification. Broome. There are falsehoods which are not lies; that is, which are not criminal: as, where no one is deceived; which is the case in parables, fables, novels, jests, tales to create mirth, ludicrous embellishments of a story, where the declared design of the speaker is not to inform but to divert, &c. In such instances no confidence is destroyed, because none was reposed. Paley. Moral Philosophy. Our Saviour's prophecy stands good in the destruction of the temple, and the dissolution of the Jewish economy, when Jews and Pagans united all their endeavours, under Julian the apostate, to baffle and falsify the prediction. Addison. Such as are treated ill, and upbraided falsely, find out an intimate friend that will hear their complaints, and endeavour to sooth their secret resentments. [d. Spectator. He knows that to be inconvenient, which we falsely think convenient for us. Smalridge's Sermons. The prince is in no danger of being betrayed by the falseness, or cheated by the avarice of such a servant. Rogers. False happiness is like false money, it passes for a time as well as the true, and serves some ordinary occasions; but, when it is brought to the touch, we find the lightness and alloy, and feel the loss. Pope. This superadds treachery to all the other pestilent ingredients of the crime; 'tis the falsifying the most important trust. Decay of Piety. When Satire flies abroad on falsehood's wing, Short is her life, and impotent her sting; But, when to truth allied, the wound she gives Sinks deep, and to remotest ages lives. Churchill. It is more from carelessness about truth, than from intentional lying, that there is so much falsehood in He would have given one day to my request. Id. the world. Johnson. FALSE BAY, a bay lying east of the Cape of Good Hope; frequented by vessels during the prevalence of the north-west winds, which begin to blow in May, and render it dangerous to remain in Table Bay. It is terminated on the east by False Cape, and on the west by the Cape of Good Hope. It is eighteen miles wide at its entrance; and the two capes bear due east and west from each other.. FALSE IMPRISONMENT is a trespass committed against a person by arresting and imprisoning him without just cause, contrary to law; or where a man is unlawfully detained without legal process: it is also used for a writ which is brought for this trespass. If a person be any way unlawfully detained it is false imprisonment: and considerable damages are recoverable in those actions. See IMPRISONMENT. ALSE NEWS, SPREADING OF, in order to make discord between the king and nobility, or concerning any great man of the realm, is punishable by common law with fine and imprisonment; which is confirmed by statutes Westm. 1, 3 Edw. I. cap. 34; 2 Rich. II. stat. 1, cap. 5: and 12 Rich. II. cap. 11. FALSI CRIMEN, in the civil law, is fraudulent subornation or concealment, with design to darken or hide the truth and make things appear otherwise than they are. The crimen falsi is committed, 1. By words, as when a witness swears falsely. 2. By writing, as when a man antedates a contract, or the like. 3. By deed, as when he sells by false weights and mea sures. FALSIFYING A RECORD signifies showing it to be erroneous. Thus lawyers teach, that a person purchasing land of another, who is afterwards outlawed of felony, &c., may falsify the record, not only as to the time wherein the felony is supJosed to have been committed, but also as to the point of the offence. But, where a man is found guilty by verdict, a purchaser cannot falsify as to the offence, though he may for the time where the party is found guilty generally in the indictment, because the time is not material upon evidence. FALSTER, an island of the Baltic belonging to Denmark, is separated from the east end of Laaland by Guldborg Sound, and from Mon by Grensund. It is eight leagues long, and from one to four broad, containing 150 square miles and 15,000 inhabitants. The south point, called Gieddesby Head, is high and remarkable. It is well watered and fertile, exporting 40,000 tons of corn, and, from the great quantity of fruit it produces, is called the Orchard of Denmark. It has a mineral spring, celebrated for its cures. The towns are Stubbekobing on the north, and Nykobing on the west: the latter is considered the chief place, and has a royal castle; it has besides thirteen villages. The Trindel Reef, with but eight feet water, runs out to the south-east of the island. FALTER, v. a. & v. n. ¿ Isl. vaulttur, a stammerer; Span. faltar, fortè à Lat. fallendo, Minsheu. To fail frequently in utterance; to stammer; hesitate; hence to fail generally: the use of falter, as an active verb, we should imagine to be a corruption from filter, in the instance Dr. Johnson supplies. And faltering tongue at last these words seemed forth Trembling every joynt did inly quake, to shake. Spenser's Faerie Queene. This earth shall have a feeling; and these stones Prove armed soldiers, ere her native king Shall falter under foul rebellious arms. Shakspeare The pale assistants on each other stared, With gaping mouths for issuing words prepared; The still-born sounds upon the palate hung, And died imperfect on the faltering tongue. Dryden, How far idiots are concerned in the want ог weakness of any or all faculties, an exact observation of their several ways of faltering would discover. Locke. How melts my beating heart! as I behold Each lovely nymph, our island's boast and pride, Push on the generous steed, that strokes along, O'er rough, o'er smooth, nor heeds the steepy hill, Nor falters in the extended vale below. Somervile. These arts in vain our rugged natives try, Strain out with faltering diffidence a lye, And gain a kick for aukward flattery. The bright tear starting in the impassioned eyes Of silent gratitude; the smiling gaze Of gratulation faltering while he tries Johnson. With voice of transport to proclaim thy praise. For well did she know that my heart meant no wrong; Then, soft as Elim's well, Bp. Heber. FALUGA, a town in the pachalic of Bagdad, on the west bank of the Euphrates, whence an arm of that river issues to join the Tigris. It is twenty-five miles south of Bagdad. |