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Easter Sunday, in 1512. Louis XII., on hearing of his death, exclaimed, I would surrender almost every inch of ground I possess in Italy to restore to life my nephew and his brave comrades. God preserve us from many such victories!'

Foix (Louis de), a French architect, was employed by Philip II., of Spain, in the erection of the palace of the Escurial. He is said to have been in the confidence of don Carlos, by betraying which, he contributed to the destruction of that prince; soon after which he left Spain and returned to France. In 1579 he was employed in the port of Bayonne, and constructed the canal of the Adour. De Foix was also, in 1610, the architect of the tower of Cordouan, at the mouth of the Ga

ronne.

FOKIEN, a province of China, bounded on the north by that of Tche-Kiang; east by the sea; south by Quang-Tong, and west by KianSi. It is commodiously situated for navigation and commerce. The natives catch large quantities of fish, which they send to other parts of the empire. Its shores are indented with many bays; and there are many forts built on the coast. The air is hot, but pure and wholesome. The mountains are disposed into a kind of amphitheatres, by the labor of the inhabitants, with terraces one above another. The fields are watered with rivers and springs, which issue out of the mountains, and which the husband men conduct so as to overflow the fields of rice when they please, by pipes of bamboo. It produces all the commodities common in China, particularly musk, precious stones, quicksilver, silk, iron, &c. The natives make hempen cloth, calico, and all sorts of utensils. They import cloves, cinnamon, pepper, sandal-wood, amber, coral, &c. The capital is Fou-tcheouFou, or Fucherofu. As for Fokien, which most geographers make the capital, Grosier informs us there is no such place. The silks and cloth of Fokien are of extraordinary fineness and beauty. The port of Enfouy was formerly open to European vessels, but all the trade has been since transferred to Canton. Considerable commerce is carried on between this province and Japan, Formosa, the Philippine Islands, Java, and Siam. Every city is said to have a peculiar dialect. Fou-tcheon, the capital, is celebrated for its literati; besides which, there are other large towns, Tsuen-Tschosu, Yeu-Ping, and Tchang-Tcheou. The population has been computed at 15,000,000.

FOLARD (Charles), an eminent French general, born at Avignon in 1669, of a noble family. He discovered an early passion for arms; which was so inflamed by reading Casar's Commentaries, that he enlisted at sixteen years of age. His father procured his discharge and immured him in a monastery; but he escaped about two years after, and entered again as a cadet. His inclination for military affairs recommended him to notice. M. de Vendome, who commanded in Italy in 1720, made him his aid-decamp; and soon after sent him with part of his forces into Lombardy. Here his services were such, that he had a pension of 400 livres settled upon him, and was honored with the

cross of St. Louis. He distinguished himself greatly at the battle of Cassano; where he received a wound in his left hand, which deprived him of the use of it ever after. At this battle he conceived the first idea of columns, which he afterwards prefixed to his Commentaries on Polybius. In 1706 Folard had orders to throw himself into Modena, to defend it against prince Eugene: where he was very near being assassinated. He received a dangerous wound in the thigh at the battle of Malplaquet, and was some time after made prisoner by prince Eugene. Being exchanged in 1711, he was made governor of Bourbourg. In 1714 he went to Malta, to assist in defending that island against the Turks. Upon his return to France he embarked for Sweden, to see Charles XII. He acquired the esteem and confidence of that monarch, who sent him to France to negociate the restoration of James II: but, that project being given up, he returned to Sweden, followed Charles XII. in his expedition to Norway, and served under him at the siege of Frederickshall. Folard then returned to France; and made his last campaign in 1710, as colonel under the duke of Berwick. From that time he applied intensely to the study of the military art; and built his theories upon the foundation of his experience. He contracted an intimacy with count Saxe; and was chosen F. R. S. of London in 1749; and, in 1751, made a journey to Avignon, where he died in 1752, aged eightythree. His chief works are, 1. Commentaries upon Polybius, 6 vols. 4to. 2. New Discoveries in War. 3. A Treatise concerning the defence of Places, in French.

FOLCZ (John), originally a barber of Nuremberg, and born at Ulm about the middle of the fifteenth century, became one of the most celebrated of the German poets belonging to the class called Mastersingers, or Suabian bards. They consisted of clubs or societies established for the cultivation of the old German poetry, and were principally composed of the lower classes. Strasburgh and Nuremberg were the cities in which were found the most famous societies of Mastersingers; but they also existed at Memingen, Ulm, and Augsbourg. Taverns were their usual places of meeting. The epoch of these bards lasted from 1350 to 1519, when Luther produced a reform in the German language; but the societies continued, that of Strasburgh particularly, till the latter part of the eighteenth century. Folcz, distinguished himself by the invention of a multitude of new metres. He printed at Nuremberg a great number of his poems. The earliest, finished in 1470, was imprinted, or engraved on wood, in 1474, and reprinted in a collection which appeared in 1534 at Nuremberg, in 3 vols. 4to. This includes Ein teutsch worhaftig poetisch ystori; an abridged History of the German Empire, in rhyme; and Vita Patrum, vel Liber Colacionum. Of these productions Fischer has given a description. in his Typographical Rarities, Mentz, 1800, 8vo.

FOLD, n. s. & v. a. Sax. palad, Fald; from Goth. faldar, to enclose. There is also a barb. Latin word, faldagium (a fold). The ground on

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