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which they have no concern; but generally use it to express the continuance or quantity of estate. A fee therefore, in general, signifies an estate of inheritance; being the highest and most extensive interest that a man can have in a feud: and when the term is used simply, without any other adjunct, or has the adjunct of simple annexed to it, it is used in contradistinction to a fee-conditional at the common law, or a fee-tail by the statute; importing an absolute inheritance, clear of any condition, limitation, or restrictions to particular heirs, but descendible to the heirs general, whether male or female, lineal or collateral. And in no other sense than this is the king said to be seised in fee, he being the feudatory of no man. Taking therefore fee in this its secondary sense, as a state of inheritance, it is applicable to, and may be had in, any kind of hereditaments either corporeal or incorporeal. But there is this distinction between the two species of hereditaments: that of a corporeal inheritance a man shall be said to be seised in his demesne, as of fee; of an incorporeal one he shall only be said to be seised as of fee, and not in his demesne. For as incorporeal hereditaments are, in their nature, collateral to and issue out of lands and houses, their owner hath no property, dominium, or demesne, in the thing itself, but hath only something derived out of it, resembling the servitudes or services of the civil law. The dominium, or property, is frequently in one man, while the appendage or service is in another. Thus Gaius may be seised as of fee, of a way going over the land of which Titius is seised in his demesne as of fee. The fee simple or inheritance of lands and tenements is generally vested and resides in some person or other; though divers inferior estates may be carved out of it. As if one grants a lease for twenty-one years, or for one or two lives, the fee simple remains vested in him and his heirs; and after the determination of those years or lives, the land reverts to the granter or his heirs, who shall hold it again in fee simple. Yet sometimes the fee may be in abeyance, that is (as the word signifies), in expectation, remembrance, and contemplation in law; there being no person in esse, in whom it can vest and abide, though the law considers it as always potentially existing, and ready to vest whenever a proper owner appears. Thus, in a grant to John for life, and afterwards to the heirs of Richard, the inheritance is plainly neither granted to John nor Richard, nor can it vest in the heirs of Richard, till his death, nam nemo est hæres viventis: it remains therefore in waiting, or abeyance, during the life of Richard. This is likewise the case of a parson of a church, who hath only an estate therein for the term of his life; and the inheritance remains in abeyance. And not only the fee, but the freehold also, may be in abeyance; as, when a parson dies, the freehold of his glebe is in abeyance until a successor be named, and then it vests in the successor. The word heirs is necessary in the grant or donation in order to make a fee of inheritance. See HEIR.

FEES, LIMITED, or such estates of inheritance as are clogged and contined with conditions or qualifications, may be divided into two sorts, viz.

1. Qualified, or base fees; and 2. Fees conditional, or fees tail.

FEES, QUALIFIED, or base fees, are such as have a qualification subjoined, and which must be determined whenever the qualification annexed to it is at an end. As, in the case of a grant to A. and his heirs, tenants in the manor of Dale; in this instance, whenever the heirs of A. cease to be tenants of that manor, the grant is entirely defeated. So when Henry VI. granted to John Talbot, lord of the manor of Kingston Lisle in Berks, that he and his heirs, lords of the said manor, should be peers of the realm, by the title of barons of Lisle; here John Talbot had a base or qualified fee in that dignity; and the instant he or his heirs quitted the seigniory of this manor, the dignity was at an end. This estate is a fee, because it may possibly endure for ever in a man and his heirs; yet as that duration depends upon the concurrence of collateral circumstances, which qualify and debase the purity of the donation, it is therefore a qualified or base fee.

FEES TAIL are so called in consequence of the statute de donis, or fees conditional, as they are called in common law. See TAIL.

An

FEES OF LAWYERS AND PHYSICIANS. attorney may bring an action for his fees against the client that retained him in his cause. But by a decision, which was given some years since in the court of king's bench, a physician cannot bring an action against a patient, who is so ungrateful as not to pay him his fees. If a person refuse to pay an officer of court his due fees, the court will grant an attachment against him, to be committed till the fees are paid.

All fees allowed by acts of parliament become established fees; and the several officers entitled to them may maintain action of debt for them. 2 Inst. 210. All such fees as have been allowed by the courts of justice to their officers, as a recompense for their labor and attendance, are established fees: and the parties cannot be deprived of them without an act of parliament. Co. Lit. 368. Where a fee is due by custom, such custom, like all others, must be reasonable; and therefore where a person libelled in the spiritual court for a burying fee due to him for every one who died in the parish, though buried in another; the court held this unreasonable, and a prohibition was granted. Hob. 175. The plaintiff brought an action on the case for fees due to him as usher of the black rod, and obtained a verdict. Stran. 747. Justices in sessions have no authority to fix the bailiff's fees for arrests in civil cases; nor would the court of king's bench allow more than the usual fee of one guinea, though a larger sum had in fact been paid for years under an order of such justices. 3 Term. Rep. K. B. 417.

As to poundage to sheriffs on executions, see stat. 43 Geo. III. c. 46 § 5. Where the sheriff levied, under fi. fa. and received the money, and afterwards the judgment and execution being set aside for irregularity, and the money ordered to be returned, paid it back, with the assent of the plaintiff; it was held that the stat. 43 Geo. III. c. 46 did not take away the sheriff's remedy by action of debt against the plaintiff for his poundage. If an

erroneous writ be delivered to the sheriff, and he execute it, he shall have his fees, though the writ be erroneous. 1 Stalk. 332. It seems to be laid down in the old books as a distinction, that upon an extent of land upon a statute, the sheriff is to have his fees, so much per pound according to the statute immediately; but that upon an elegit he is not to have them till the liberate. Poph. 156. Winch. 51. S. P.

Fees are now recoverable by an action for money had and received, which has been introduced in lieu of an assise. Money given to A. and claimed by B. as perquisites of office, connot be recovered by B. in such action, unless such perquisites be known and accustomed fees, such as the legal officer could have recovered from A. 6 Term. Rep. K. B. 681, 3.

Action on the case lies for an attorney for his fees, against him that retained him in his cause: and attorneys are not to be dismissed by their clients till their fees are paid. 1 Lil. 142. But attorneys are not to demand more than their just fees; nor to be allowed fees to counsel without tickets, or the signature of counsel, &c. Stat. 3 Jac. I c. 7. An attorney may have action of debt for his fees, and also of counsel, and costs of suit as a counsellor is not bound to give counsel till he has his fee, it is said he can have no action for it: though it has been held otherwise, F. N. B. 121. Brownl. 73. 31 H. VI. c. 9.

FEE FARM is a tenure without homage, fealty, or other service, except that mentioned in the feoffment; which is usually the full rent, or at least a fourth part of it. The nature of this tenure is, that if the rent be behind, and unpaid for two years, then the feoffer and his heirs may have an action for the recovery of the lands. FEEBLE, adj. & v. a. Fr. foible; Ital. FEE BLEMINDED, adj. fievole, from Lat. flexFEE BLENESS, n. s. ibilis, pliant. Weak; FEE BLESSE, infirm; debilitated: FEE BLY, adv. as a verb, to render weak; now more commonly used with the prefix en (enfeeble): Spenser uses feeblesse, probably after the Old Fr. febles, for feebleness; state of weakness, or infirmity.

Whanne thou makist a feest clepe pore men, feble, crokid, and blinde: and thou schalt be blessid. Wiclif. Luk xiv. Warn them that are unruly, comfort the feebleminded, support the weak, be patient toward all men. 1 Thess.

Thenceforth the waters waxed dull and slow,
And all that drunk thereof did faint and feeble grow.
Spenser,

Or as a castle reared high and round,
By subtile engines and malicious slight
Is undermined from the lowest ground,
And her foundation forced and feebled quite.
Id. Faerie Queene.

They passing forth kept on her readie way,
With easie steps so soft as foot could stryde,
Both for great feeblesse, which did oft assay
Faire Amoret that scarcely she could ryde,
And eke through heavie armes.

Id.

A better head Rome's glorious body fits, Than his that shakes for age and feebleness. Shakspeare.

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The hand of God sheltered this feeble plant from the storm, and by his care it was reared, and culti vated, and brought to maturity. Robertson's Sermon,

Daughter of woe! ere morn, in vain caressed, Clung the cold babe, upon thy milkless breast, With feeble cries thy last sad aid required, Stretched its stiff limbs, and on thy lap expired! Darwin.

Another, hideous sight! unseamed appears, His gory chest unveils life's panting source; Though death-struck, still his feeble frame he rears; Staggering, but stemming all, his lord unharmed he Byron.

bears.

FEED, v. a., v. n. & n. s. Į Sax. Fedan, fœdan; FEEDER, n. s. Goth. fodan; Dan. fede; Icl. fodr. To supply with nutriment; to nourish; entertain: hence to supply generally; to graze; consume by cattle; fatten: as a neuter verb, to take food; live by eating; to prey; to pasture: as a substantive, feed is used synonymously with food, also for a meal, and a given quantity of food: a feeder is either one who gives food, or one who eats; hence one who excites or encourages: also one who is devoted to the training or feeding of cattle for market or otherwise.

If a man shall cause a field to be eaten, and shall put in his beast, and shall feed in another man's field, he shall make restitution. Exod. xxii. 5. Barbarossa learned the strength of the emperor, craftily feeding him with the hope of liberty.

Knolles.

To feed were best at home;
From thence the sawce to meet is ceremony;
Meeting were bare without it.

Shakspeare. Macbeth.
You cry against the noble senate. who,
Under the gods, keep you in awe, which else
Would feed on one another.
Id. Coriolanus.
When thou do'st hear I am as I have been,
Approach me, and thou shalt be as thou was't
The tutor and the feeder of my riots. Shakspeare.
But that our feasts

In every mess have folly, and the feeders
Jest with it as a custom, I should blush
To see you so attired.

Id.

Besides his cote, his flocks and bounds of feed Are now on sale. Id, As You Like It.

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God advanced David to the throne that he might feed his people, not that he might feed himself; that he might do good, not that he might make his family great. Henry. Psa. lxxviii. 71. A constant smoke rises from the warm springs, that feed the many baths with which the island is stocked.

Addison.

How oft from pomp and state did I remove, To feed despair, and cherish hopeless love?

Prior.

When I can be profusely fed

With crumbs of his ambrosial bread.

Cunningham. The Dove. Ode 9.
Though laden, not encumbered with her spoil;
Laborious, yet unconscious of her toil;
When copiously supplied, then most enlarged;
Still to be fed, and not to be surcharged. Cowper.

Till canker taints the vegetable blood,
Mines round the bark, and feeds upon the wood.
Darwin.

FEEJEE, FIDGEE, or Prince William's Islands, are a group of islands on the South Pacific Ocean, the exact number and extent of which are not yet ascertained. They are said to be situated from about 15° 33′ to 19° 15' of S. lat.; and to about 175° of E. long. The missionary ship Duff counted from fifteen to twenty. They are equally fertile as the generality of the islands in the South Pacific, and produce the same kinds of roots and fruits. Sandal wood is plentiful, and attempts have been made to introduce this valuable tree from hence into Tongataboo, but without success. The inhabitants are a ferocious race, and greatly dreaded by their neighbours; being said to be cannibals in the strictest sense of the word. Englishmen have seen numerous baskets of human flesh, and many bodies of fallen enemies and slaughtered captives devoured. The stature and appearance of the Feejeeans is superior to those of the Friendly Islands, their complexion is darker, and their hair approaches more to a woolly texture. Their arms are neatly fashioned, their canoes of better workmanship, and they are more industrious in their habits also than most of their neighbours. They supply the Friendly Islands with the feathers of a red parroquet, with vessels of earthenware, stone for their hatchets, and all their cutting implements. It is uncertain what kind of government prevails. Some of them have been supposed subject to Tongataboo, but this is very doubtful. These islands were originally discovered by Tasman in the year 1643, who named the more northern Prince William's Island, and Heemskirk's shoals. They were seen by captain Bligh in 1789 and anchored, in a merchant-ship, at a bay on the 1792; and in the year 1794 captain Barber western side of the largest island, where he was attacked by the natives.

FEEL', v. n., v. a. & n. s.
FEEL'ER, n. s.

Saxon Felan; Belg. voelen; Goth. falwa. To have perception by the touch; to have acute mental

FEELING, part. adj. & n.s. FEELINGLY, adv. FELIDEN, part. adj. explore by feeling: hence to sensibility; to appear to the touch: as an active verb, to perceive by the touch; to try; sound;

Boerhaave fed a sparrow with bread four days, in perceive mentally; know: as a substantive, the

which time it eat more than its own weight.

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sense of feeling: a feeler is one who feels or perceives; an instrument of feeling conspicuous in insects: feeling means expressive of acute sensibility; felt sensibly: as a substantive the sense of touch, power of acting upon sensibility; sensibility; perception. Wickliffe uses the word feliden for perceived; apprehended.

And thei knewen not this word and it was hid bifore hem that thei feliden it not, and thei dredden to axe him of this word. Wiclif. Luk ix.

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This hand, whose touch, Whose every touch would force the feeler's soul To the oath of loyalty. Id. Cymbeline.

Here feel we but the penalty of Adam, The season's difference; as the icy phang, And churlish chiding of the Winter's wind, Which when it bites, and blows upon my body, E'en till I shrink with cold, I smile and say, This is no flattery: these are counsellors, That feelingly persuade me what I am. Shakspeare. The air is so thin, that a bird has therein no feeling of his wings, or any resistance of air to mount herself

by.

Raleigh.

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The sense of feeling can give us a notion of extension, shape, and all other ideas that enter at the eye, except colours. Addison's Spectator.

Soon in smart pain he feels the dire mistake, Lashes the wave, and beats the foamy lake.

Gay. The difference of these tumours will be distinguished by the feel. Sharp's Surgery. Of these tumours one feels flaccid and rumpled; the other more even, flatulent and springy. Sharp. Insects clean their eyes with their forelegs as well as antennæ; and, as they are perpetually feeling and searching before them with their feelers or antennæ, I am apt to think that besides wiping and cleaning the eyes, the uses here named may be admitted.

Derham's Physico-Theology.

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As we learn what belongs to the body by the evidence of sense, so we learn what belongs to the soul by an inward consciousness, which may be called a sort of internal feeling. Watts.

He that will not fear, shall feel the wrath of heaven. Young.

What is so hateful to a poor man as the purse-proud arrogance of a rich one? Let fortune shift the scene, and make the poor man rich, he runs at once into the vice that he declaimed against so feelingly: these are strange contradictions in the human character.

Cumberland.

The

FEELING is one of the five external senses, by which we obtain the ideas of solidity, hardness, softness, roughness, heat, cold, wetness, dryness, and other tangible qualities. Although this sense is perhaps the least refined, it is of all others the most sure, as well as the most universal. Man sees and hears with small portions of his body, but he feels with all. The author of nature has bestowed that general sensation wherever there are nerves, and they are every where found where there is life. If it were otherwise, the parts wanting this sense might be destroyed without our knowledge. On this account it seems wisely provided, that this sensation should not require a particular organisation. structure of the nervous papillæ is not absolutely necessary to it: the lips of a fresh wound, the periosteum, and the tendons, when uncovered, are extremely sensible without them, though they serve to the perfection of feeling, and to diversify sensation. Feeling is, perhaps, the basis of all other sensations. The object of feeling is every body that has consistency or solidity enough to move the surface of our skin. To make feeling perfect, it was necessary that the nerves should form small eminences, because they are more easily moved by the impression of bodies than a uniform surface; and it is owing to this structure that we are enabled to distinguish not only the size and figure of bodies, their hardness and softness, but also their heat and cold. To the blind, feeling is so useful a sensation, that it supplies the office of eyes, and in a great measure indemnifies them for the want of sight. See BLIND.

FEET BEARER, an officer in the courts of the ancient Anglo-Saxon and Welsh kings. He was a young gentleman whose duty it was to sit on the king's feet in his bosom all the time he sat the floor, with his back towards the fire, and hold at table, to keep them warm and comfortable.Leges Walliæ, p. 58.

FEHRABAD, or FAHRABAD, a town in the province of Mazanderan, Persia, situated at the mouth of a river, near the south coast of the Caspian. It carries on some trade in rice, salt, fish, and pottery. Some time ago the population was computed at 16,000 persons, the descendants

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No such things are done as thou sayest, but thou feignedst them out of thine own heart. Neh. vi. 3.

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adjective, feli

FELICITY, n. s.

citate signifies made happy. Felicitation is, con

Each trembling leaf and whistling wind they hear, gratulation. Felicity, happiness; prosperity;

As ghastly bug their hair on end does rear;
Yet both do strive their fearfulness to feign.

Faerie Queene.
Both his hands most filthy feculent,
Above the water were on high extent,
And feigned to wash themselves incessantly. Id.
Therefore the poet

Did feign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and floods;
Since nought so stockish, hard, and full of rage,
But music for the time doth change his nature.

Shakspeare. Such is found to have been falsely and feignedly in some of the heathens. Bacon.

May her feignings

Not take your word in! Ben Jonson. And these three voices differ; all things done, the doing, and the doer; the thing feigned, the feigning, and the feigner; so the poem, the poesy, and the

poet.

Id.

Such is the greedinesse of men's natures (in these Athenian dayes) of news, that they will rather feigne than want it. T. Ford, 1647.

No pretences, no privileges, can bear off a sin with God: men think either to patronise or mitigate evils, by their feigned reasons. Bp. Hall's Contemplations.

Abominable, inutterable, and worse Than fables yet have feigned, or fear conceived, Gorgons, and hydras, and chimeras dire! Milton. The mind by degrees loses its natural relish of real, solid truth, and is reconciled insensibly to any thing that can be but dressed up into any feint appearance of it. Locke. Courtly's letter is but a feint to get off. Spectator. But, in the breast encamped, prepares For well-bred feints and future wars. Me gentle Delia beckons from the plain, Then hid in shades, eludes her eager swain; But feigns a laugh to see me search around, And by that laugh the willing fair is found. Pope. But charity not feigned intends alone Another's good-theirs centres in their own. Cowper.

Prior.

FELIBIEN (Andrew), born at Chartres in 1619, went secretary under the marquis de Fontenay Mareuil, ambassador to the court of Rome, in 1647. On his return, M. Colbert procured him the places of historiographer to Louis XIV., superintendant of his buildings, and of arts and manufactures in France. He became afterwards deputy comptroller general of the bridges and dykes, and died in 1695. He wrote several pieces relating to the fine arts; the prin

bliss. Felicitous and felicitously follow this

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Browne.

Some of the fathers went so far, as to esteem the love of music a sign of predestination; as a thing divine, and reserved for the felicities of heaven itself. Sir W. Temple.

How great, how glorious a felicity, how adequate to the desires of a reasonable nature, is revealed to our hopes in the gospel. Rogers. The felicities of our wonderful reign may be complete. Atterbury. What a glorious entertainment and pleasure would fill and felicitate his spirit, if he could grasp all in a single survey. Watts.

Other ambition than of crowns in air,
And superluminary felicities,
Thy bosom warm.

Young.

Pound St. Paul's church into atoms, and consider any single atom; it is, to be sure, good for nothing: but put all these atoms together, and you have St. Paul's church. So it is with human felicity, which is made up of many ingredients, each of which may be shown to be very insignificant. Johnson.

FELICUDI, one of the Lipari Islands, the ancient Phænicusa. It consists chiefly of a vol

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