siasm displayed by, 106; conduct of, at the
trial of the king, 110; speaks in favour of the
petition of lord Capel, 116; puts down a mutiny
in Whalley's regiment, 118; in conjunction with
Fairfax suppresses the Levellers in the army,
118; is presented with a service of plate by the
Corporation of London, for putting down the
Levellers, 119; leaves London for Ireland as
lord-lieutenant there, 121; embarks at Milford
Haven, ibid.; arrives at Dublin, ibid.; addresses
the Irish, ibid.; issues a proclamation, 122; takes
Drogheda, Trim, Dundalk, and Wexford, 123;
his account of the slaughters, ibid.; meets with a
stout resistance at Waterford, 124; Cork surren-
ders to him, 125; bis policy in Ireland, 126;
returns to London, 127; leaves Ireton as deputy
in Ireland, ibid.; arrival, and enthusiastic recep-
tion of, in London, 132; is created General of all
the forces, ibid.; marches to Scotland, ibid.;
meets with a vigorous resistance from Lesley,
133; his danger at Dunbar, ibid.; position of his
army at Dunbar, 134; gains the battle of Dunbar,
on Sept. 3, 1650, 135; his letter to parliament,
ibid.; takes Perth, 136; letter of, to parliament,
announcing the probable invasion of England by
the Scotch army, 137; totally defeats it at
Worcester, on Sept. 3, 1651, 138; and compels
Charles II. to fly to France, 143; description of
his army, 144; returns to London, 146; his re-
forming policy, 147; urges the advancement of
two great measures,-an Act of Amnesty, and a
Law for the Election of future Parliaments, ibid.;
attends a Conference at Lenthall's house on the
settlement of the nation, 148; dialogue between
Whitelocke and, 156; opposes the proposal for
perpetuating the parliament, 157; conference at
his residence at Whitehall, ibid.; dissolves the
Long Parliament, 158; and the Council of State,
ibid.; summons a Parliament, 161; receives a
dispatch from Blake and Monk, announcing their
victory over the Dutch fleet, 162; his Little
Parliament meets on July 4, 1653, 163; cha-
racter of the Little Parliament, ibid. ; speech of,
to the Little Parliament, 164; its constitution is
provisional, 165; it abolishes the Court of Chan-
cery, 166; the Little Parliament resigns its autho-
rity into the hands of, 167; he is declared Pro-
tector, Dec. 16, 1653, 168; remarks on, ibid.; is
made Chancellor of Oxford, 171; patronises learn-
ing, 173; love for music, ibid.; character of his
government as Protector, 177; incentives to as-
sassinate, 179; sagacity and prudence of, ibid.;
royalist plot to assassinate, discovered and put
down, 180; two of the conspirators, John Gerard
and Peter Vowell, executed, ibid.; tact displayed
by, ibid.; foreign policy of, displayed in promot-
ing the union of the Protestant States of Europe;
and in treaties and alliances with Sweden, France,
and Portugal, 181; causes Don Pantaleon de Sa
to be executed for murder, ibid.; explains his
policy to the first parliament of the Protectorate,
182; speech of, on opening the session, 183; par-
liament questions his authority, 184; upon
which he closes the door of the parliament house,
185; and admits those members only who sign
a pledge to obey him, 186; is thrown from his
coach, 188; temper of his parliament, ibid.; dis-
solves it, 189; puts down a royalist rising, 191;
refusal to pay taxes to, ibid.; appoints major-
generals for collecting the taxes, 192; conduct of
the major-generals, ibid.; toleration of, in religious
matters, 193; greatness of, in his foreign policy,
194; practical spirit of, infused into his army,
195; increases the strength of the navy, ibid.;
disappointment of, at Venables not capturing
Hispaniola, 196; his abhorrence of vice in the
army, 197; interference of, in favour of the Vau-
dois, or Waldenses, 198; attempts of, to procure
a settlement in England for the Jews, ibid.; en-
deavours to obtain a pledge from the republican
leaders not to oppose his government, 199; im-
prisons Vane, and other political opponents, ibid. ;.
conference of, with Ludlow, 200; speech of, at
the meeting of his second parliament, 201; indi-
cations of a legislative mind displayed in the
speech, 202; Napoleon compared with, ibid.;

465

public indignation at, for excluding members
from the parliament, 203; Acts passed for secu-
rity of his person, ibid.; his part in the case of
James Nayler, the Quaker, ibid.; Sindercomb's
plot against, 204; the trial, and death of, 205; his
parliament congratulate him on his escape from
it, 205; Parliament vote his being made king, 206;
conferences on the subject, 207; declines to accept
the title, 208; pamphlet entitled "Killing no Mur-
der" published, threatening death to, ibid.; is
inaugurated as protector, and invested with the
kingly power, June 26, 1657, 209; re-admits the
members he excluded from parliament, ibid.; his
daughter Mary is married to lord Falconbridge,
and Frances to the earl of Warwick, ibid.; parlia-
ment meets, 210; a second house, ibid.; dissen-
sions between him and the parliament, 211; it
is dissolved by, ibid.; puts down a royalist rising;
several ringleaders are condemned and executed,
212; successes abroad, ibid.; Dunkirk taken,
213; his family afflictions, 214; death, 215; and
burial, 219; disinterred from Westminster Abbey,
and buried at Tyburn, 248

Cromwell, Richard, proclaimed Protector, Sept.
4, 1658, iv. 216; character of, 217; financial diffi-
culties of, ibid.; meeting of parliament, 218;
bill passed for the recognition of his title, 219;
hostility of the army towards, ibid.; his weak
government, 220; compelled to dissolve the par-
liament, ibid.; his government ends, 221;
restoration of Long Parliament, under the name
of "The Rump," ibid.; leaves Whitehall, ibid.;
he and his family pass into obscurity, ibid.
Cromwell, Thomas, said to have been present at
the sack of Rome, ii. 308; adheres to Wolsey on
his fall, 322; defends him in parliament, 323;
letter of, to Wolsey, 333; writes exhortations to
Frith and Tyndale, the reformers, 338; becomes
vicegerent, 365; issues a commission for the
visitation of the monasteries, 366; unworthy use
made of their property by, ibid.; official corrup-
tion of, 368; effects a reconciliation between the
princess Mary and her father, 333; absolute
power of, in ecclesiastical affairs, 405; participa
tion of, in the plunder of the religious houses,
413; measures taken by, to pack the parliament
of 1539, 416; disgraceful conduct of, in procuring
the attainder and condemnation of the aged
countess of Salisbury, 423; promotes the mar-
riage of Henry with Anne of Cleves, 424; dis-
satisfaction of the king with the match, 426: is
arrested for treason, 428; demands a trial by
law, 429; is attainted and executed, July 28,
1540, 430; injunctions of, for the keeping of a
parish register-book of births, deaths, and mar-
riages, 455

Crusades, the first preaching of, in 1095, i. 226; in-
centives offered for prosecuting, 227

Crusaders, progress of the first, i. 228, 229; rout of
the body under Peter the Hermit and Walter the
Penniless, 229

Cunobelin, state of Britain during the period of,
i. 8; power and dominion of, and state of civilisa
tion in the reign of, 14
Cymbeline. See Cunobelin.

DANE-GELT, payments of, i. 152; abolished by
Edward the Confessor, 164

Danes, or Northmen, ravages of, i. 78

Danes invade Mercia, A.D. 868, 1. 95; again in 870,
and advance to East Anglia, 95, 96; obtain pos-
session of Mercia and Northumbria, 101; massacre
of, in England in 1002, 153
Darnley. See Mary of Scotland.

Dee, Dr. John, in trouble for casting the nativities
of queen Mary and the princess Elizabeth,
iii. 97

Defoe's "Journal of the Plague Year," notice of, iv.
271, et seq.; his account of the effect of shutting
up the Exchequer in 1671, 315; reason given by,
why the dissenters opposed the Declaration of
Indulgence, 320; statement of, that the persecu-
tion of the dissenter arose from political, not
religious, motives, 325; his account of the excite-
ment produced by the Popish Plot in 1678, 335;
joins the insurrection of the duke of Monmouth

in 1685, 391; his opinion of the Declaration of
Indulgence, 419

De Witt, John, concludes the Triple Alliance with
Temple in 1668, iv. 308; chief administrator of
Holland on the French invasion in 1672, 317; he
and his brother murdered by the mob, 318
Diocletian, persecution of Christians in Britain by,

i. 51.

Dion Cassius, relation of the discovery of Britain
being an island, i. 29

Domesday Book of 1085, account of, i. 203; classes
shown by, 204; industry of the country, tenure
of lands, and extent of forests, shown by, 205;
the New Forest, 206; gardens and vineyard
shown to exist by, 207; mills, mines, salt-works,
and fisheries noticed by, 207, 208; condition of
the people in cities and burghs shown by, 208,
209, 210; number of manors held by Normans
in, 210, 211; Norman castles enumerated by, 211,
212; number of churches noticed by, 213
Domestic architecture of the fifteenth century, ii.
118; consumption of timber in, 119
Dover, Roman lighthouse at, i. 17

Dover Castle, ancient chapel in, doubtful statement
of its having been built by King Lucius, i. 50;
taken by the Normans, 186

Drake, Sir Francis, naval successes of, in 1585, iii.
185; successful expedition of, to Cadiz, to foil the
purposed invasion by Spain, 215; Plymouth sup-
plied with water by, 216; early exploits of, 220;
sails with the fleet from Plymouth on July 19, to
meet the Armada, 228; captures a valuable gal-
leon, 230; attacks the Spanish fleet with fire-
ships in Calais roads, 233; pursues the scattered
ships after the fight off Gravelines, 234; his
despatch to Walsingham, ibid.; assists in the
destruction of the Armada in action and in its
flight, 236; with sir John Norris, heads an ex-
pedition to seat don Antonio on the throne of
Portugal, 238; takes Corunna, fails at Lisbon,
but takes and burns Vigo, 239; with sir John
Hawkins, sails in 1595 to attack the Spaniards
in South America, but fails, and dies, 265
Drama, state of, in the time of Elizabeth, iii. 257;
made au instrument of for attacking the Puri-
tans, 256; the early Elizabethan, 299; Marlowe,
Peele, Greene, &c., ibid.; characteristics of Shak-
spere, 301; Prynne's "Histriomastix," a violent
attack on Stage Plays, 411; support given to,
by the four Inns of Court, 413; character of the
English drama, temp. Charles I., 414; dete-
riorated in morals from that of Elizabeth, ibid. ;
the playhouses shut up at the commencement of
the Civil War in 1642, by the influence of the
Puritans, 487; degraded condition of, during the
time of Charles II., iv. 296

Druidical sacrifices, i. 10; punishment of offenders,

14

Druidism, Cæsar's statement that it was originated

in Britain, i. 3; the system of, as described by
Caesar, 4

Dryden, John, produces his "Absalom and Achi-
tophel," preparatory to the indictment of Shaftes-
bury for high treason, iv. 384; and his poem of
"The Medal," after the bill had been thrown out
by the grand jury, ibid.; publishes his "Hind
and Panther," in 1687, 423

Dunkirk taken by the French under Turenne and
the English under Lockhart, in 1658, and de-
livered to the English, iv. 213; sold by Charles
II. to the French in 1662, 264
Dunstan, St., early life and rise of, i. 130; becomes
the chief adviser of Edred, 132; enforces celibacy
on the clergy, and renders the national church
more Romish, ibid. ; outrage of, at the coronation
feast of Edwy, 133; banishment of, 134; miracles
attributed to, 137; chief minister during the
reign of Edgar, ibid.; state of the church at the
time of, 138, et seq.; alterations effected in, by,
141; reforms effected by, 142; despotic but
vigorous government of, 145; arbitrary power of,
146; disputation with bishop Beornhelm at Calne,
and asserted miracle, 147; crowns and curses
Ethelred, 148; dies in 988, ibid.

Dunwallo, king, formation of roads in Britain by,

i. 8

Durham Cathedral, foundation of, i. 257
Dutch, differences of the, with the Long Parliament,
iv. 150 war with England commenced, 151;
battles of Van Tromp and Ruyter with Blake,
in 1652, 153-4; Van Tromp again defeated in
1653, 163; Van Tronip defeated and killed, 181;
war of, with Charles II. in 1665, 268; sea-fight
off Lowestoffe, 268, 277; De Ruyter's fight of
four days against Monk, 279; their coasts ravaged,
282; their fleet enters the Medway, burn the
ships there, and blockades London, in June 1667,
297; defeated in Southwold Bay by the duke of
York, 316

EAST INDIA COMPANY, charters granted for the
incorporation of, iii. 346; first English factory at
Surat founded in 1612, ibid.

East Indies, Thomas Coryat's account of the
country, iii. 347; embassy of sir Thomas Roe to
the, 348; his account of the Mogul rulers of,
349 contrasted with the present state, 350
Ecclesiastical power, rapid growth of, in England
from the Conquest to the time of Stephen, i
254; numerous religious foundations established,
254, 255; Cistercian abbeys erected, 256; churches
and cathedrals, 257, 258; such foundations a
commutation for crimes, 259

147

Edgar, accession of in 760, i. 137; Dunstan the
chief minister during the reign of, ibid.; peace-
ful reign of, 142; licentiousness of, and story of
Elfrida, 144; rowed down the Dee by kings,
145; arbitrary power of, 146; death of, in 975,
Edgar Atheling chosen king by the Londoners, i.
186; submits to William the Conqueror, and is
treated with kindness, 187; flies to Scotland,
192; invades England, with Sweyn, 193; be-
comes a pensioner of William, 200; again flies to
Scotland, 223

Edgehill, battle of, on Oct. 23, 1642, iv. 4
Edmund, St., king of East Anglia, defeated and
slain by the Danes, A.D. $70, i. 97; buried at St.
Edmund's Bury, ibid.

Edmund, accession of, in 940, i. 129; murdered,
ibid.

Edmund Ironside, accession of in 1016, i. 155; suc-
cesses of, against Canute, 156; divides the king-
dom with Canute, and dies in 1016, ibid.
Edred, accession of, in 940, i. 131; revolt in
Northumbria subdued by, 132; death of, in 956,

ibid.

Edrie, treachery of, to Ethelred and Edmund Iron-
side, i. 154, 155, 156

Edward, succeeds Alfred in 901, i. 121; insurrec-
tion of Ethelwold against, ibid.; repels the
Northmen and the Welsh, and subdues East
Anglia, 122; death of, in 924, ibid.

Edward the Martyr, accession of, in 975, i. 147;
assassination of, in 978, 148

Edward the Confessor, son of Ethelred, brought up
in Normandy, i. 155, 160; brought over to Eng-
land by Hardicanute, 161; succeeds Hardicanute
in 1042, 162; marries earl Godwin's daughter and
neglects her, 162, 16; abolishes the Dane-gelt,
164; introduces Norman adherents and customs,
ibid.; is opposed by earl Godwin in his wish to
punish summarily the rioters against earl Eustace
of Boulogne, 166; banishes Harold and Godwin,
ibid.; imprisons his wife, 167; triumph of the
Norman party, ibid.; is forced to restore Godwin
and Harold, 170; death of, in 1066, 176.
Edward I., born in 1239, i. 362; swears to the
"Provisions of Oxford" in 1258, 372; refuses to be
absolved by the pope from observing his oath,
ibid.; commands his father's forces in the civil
war against the barons, 373; is defeated at the
battle of Lewes, 374; wins the battle of Eve-
sham, on Aug. 4, 1265, 376; storm on the day of,
377: crusade undertaken by, in 1269, 379;
attempted to be assassinated at Jaffa, 381; his
wife Eleanor of Castile sucks the poison from the
wound, ibid.; concludes a truce with the sultan,
and returns to Europe in 1272, where he learns
that his father is dead, ibid.; succeeds "by the
unanimous assent of the nobles and great men,"
and is crowned, Aug. 18, 1274, 882; festivities at

the coronation, 388; attacks Llewellyn prince of
Wales, who is forced to submit to do homage,
384; various useful statutes passed in the first
parliament of, 385; persecution and banishment
of the Jews, 386; insurrection of the Welsh,
387; Llewellyn is slain, and his brother executed,
388; final subjection of the Welsh, and birth of
prince Edward at Caernarvon, who is created
prince of Wales in 1284, 389; statute passed by,
for the settlement of Wales, 390; condition and
manners of the people in the time of, 391, et seq.;
negotiates a marriage for his son with the heiress
of the crown of Scotland, but she dies, and the
succession is disputed, 412; commences his war
against the independence of Scotland, ibid.; com-
pelled by the resistance of the barons to consent
to the Statute of the Confirmation of the Charters,
giving the sole right of raising supplies to the
people, on Oct. 10, 1297, 413; is appointed umpire
of the claimants to the Scottish crown, 414;
demands an acknowledgment of his superiority'
as liege lord, 415; it is not given by the states,
but assented to by Bruce and Balliol, and the
crown is awarded to Balliol, who does homage,
416; subdues an insurrection in Wales, 417;
invades Scotland, and compels Balliol to resign
his crown to him, 418; receives the homage of
the bishops and peers of Scotland, 419; revolt of
Wallace against, 420; defeats the Scots at Fal-
kirk, 421; the pope demands that the dispute
should be left to his decision, and the claim is
indignantly rejected by the parliament of Lin-
coln, 423; constitution of the parliament of
Lincoln, ibid.; again invades Scotland to repress
some successes of the Scots, compels submission
and concludes a treaty excluding Wallace, ibid.;
besieges and takes Stirling, 424; causes Wallace
and Fraser to be executed, 425; Robert Bruce
the younger heads another revolt in 1305, ibid.;
assembles an army to attack Bruce, but dies
before he reaches Scotland, on Aug. 7, 1307,
426.

Edward IL. succeeds his father, i. 427; conduct of,
in his youth, 428; is crowned Feb. 24, 1308, ibid.;
recalls Gaveston, whom his father had banished,
and marries Isabella of France, ibid.; appoints
Gaveston governor of Ireland, ibid.; discontent
occasioned by the favour shown to Gaveston,
429; Gaveston is exiled, and again recalled,
ibid.; is taken prisoner and hung in 1312, 430;
successes of Robert Bruce, against, 431; reconciles
himself to the barons and marches into Scotland,
433; battle of Bannockburn on June 24, 1314,
434, 435; famine in England, 436; rise of the
Despensers and wealth of, ibid.; insurrection of
the barons, by whom the Despensers are ban-
ished, 437; the sentence against the Despensers
annulled by a parliament at York, ibid.; overcomes
the barons, and causes the earl of Lancaster to be
executed, 438; invades Scotland, suffers from
want of provisions, and concludes a truce with
Bruce, 439; order of Knights Templars suppressed
in England in 1308, ibid.; the queen goes to
France to conclude a treaty with Philip, 441;
Roger Mortimer joins the queen at Paris, and
returns with her and prince Edward in arms
against the king, 442; Edward is deposed and
imprisoned, and the Despensers are hung, 443;
is murdered at Berkeley Castle in 1327, 444;
wretched state of England during the reign of,
447, 448.

Edward III., son of Edward II., is invested with
the foreign possessions, and does homage to the
king of France, i. 441; joins his mother and
Roger Mortimer in an insurrection against his
father, 442; is declared guardian of the kingdom,
443; his father is deposed, and he is crowned,
Jan. 29, 1327, ibid.; first campaign of, against
the Scots, 445; concludes a peace, recognising
the independence of Scotland in 1328, ibid.;
marries Philippa of Hainault, ibid.; seizure and
execution of Mortimer, 446, 447; imprison-
ment of Isabella, 447; transition state of
feudality in the time of, 448; growth of indepen-
dence among the people, and the effect of the
writings of Wycliffe and Chaucer upon, 450;

467

establishment of the English language, ibid.;
supports Edward Balliol's claim to the Scottish
crown, and wins the battle of Halidon Hill, 451;
claims of, to the crown of France stated, 452;
naval victory of Huys gained by, 453; compa-
rison of the peoples of England, France, and
Flanders in the time of, ibid.; supports James
Artevelde in his revolt against the count of
Flanders, 454; relieves Jane de Montfort, be-
sieged in Hennebon by Philip of France, ibid.;
invades France with an army in 1846, 455; the
strength of his army consisted in the superiority
of the English yeomen over the feudal nobles,
ibid.; statute providing that England should not
be subject to France in case of his acquiring that
kingdom, 456; early successes in the invasion,
457; march to and passage of the Somme, 458,
459; battle of Cressy, on Aug. 26, 1340, 460-
462; Cressy, the victory of the yeomen, 463;
battle of Nevill's Cross, and capture of David
Bruce by Queen Philippa, 464; siege of Calais,
465; surrender of, and pardon of the six bur-
gesses at the intercession of the queen, 466;
Edward founds an English colony at Calais, 467;
institution of the Order of the Garter in 1349,
468; decoration and enlargement by, of his palaces
of Westminster and Windsor, ibid.; great pesti-
lence of the Black Plague in 1349, 469; mortality
and misery occasioned by, 470; Statute of
Labourers passed to mitigate the effects of, 471;
injustice and inefficiency of the statute, 472;
Philip of France dies in 1350, 478; he repels an in-
vasion of the Scots, and ravages the Lothians,
474; the battle of Poitiers won by the Black
Prince on Sept. 19, 1356, and John, king of
France, taken prisoner, 475; chivalrous reception
of John in London, 476: miseries occasioned in
France by the invasion, and rise of the Jacquerie,
477; renewed invasion of France in 1359, ibid. ;
peace of Bretigny concluded, 478; contrast of the
state of the people of England and France, ibid. ;
stipulations in favour of freedom by the Commons
of England, 479; statutes passed for the distinc-
tion of ranks, ibid.; accession of Charles V. in
France, and resistance offered by, 483; war with
France renewed, 485; resumes the title of king
of France, 486; the French recover the conquests
of Edward, ibid.; his son Edward dies in 1376,
and his queen Philippa dies in 1309, 487; Richard
is presented to parliament as his successor, ibid. ;
rising influence of the duke of Lancaster, and
dotage of the king, ibid.; dies on June 21, 1377

488.

Edward the Black Prince accompanies his father
in the invasion of France in 1346, i. 455; conduct
of, at the battle of Cressy, 462, 463; ravages
Gascony and Auvergne in 1355 and 1356, 474;
cruelties of ancient war as compared with modern,
ibid.; wins the battle of Poitiers on Sept. 19,
1356, and takes prisoner John, king of France,
475, 476; chivalrous treatment of his captive,
ibid.; appointed prince of Aquitaine, 483: sup-
ports the cause of Peter the Cruel in Spain,
484; wins the battle of Najara in 1367, ibid.;
captures and releases Bertrand du Guesclin,
485; summoned by Charles V. to answer com-
plaints of misgovernment, refuses, and war re-
commences, ibid.; takes Limoges, concludes a
truce, and returns to England, 486; dies in 1367,
487.

Edward IV. (earl of March) escapes with Warwick
to Calais, after being declared traitors by the
parliament at Coventry, ii. 143; is present at the
battle of Northampton, ibid.; succeeds his father
as duke of York, on his defeat and death at
Wakefield, Dec. 31, 1460, 145; enters London,
and is proclaimed as king on March 4, 1461, 146:
marches with Warwick to the North and wina
the battle of Towton, 147; crowned June 29,
1464, 150; causes sir Baldwin Fulford to be exe-
cuted, ibid; other Lancastrians attainted in par-
liament, 151; renewed attempts to restore Henry
in 1462 and 1464, 152; suppressed by the battle
of Hexham, 153; Somerset beheaded, ibid.; con-
cludes a truce with Scotland, stipulating that the
Lancastrians should receive no aid thence, ibid.

extravagance of, and debasement of the coin by,
ibid.; injury to the industry of the country
occasioned by, 154; arts of, to obtain popularity,
ibid.; marriage of, to Elizabeth Woodville, 155:
marries his sister to the heir of the duke of Bur-
gundy, 156; insurrection in Yorkshire against an
impost, 158; Clarence and Warwick take him
prisoner, ibid.; he escapes, defeats them at
Stamford, and they fly to France, 159; queen Mar-
garet, with Warwick and Clarence, invade England,
he is deserted, and Henry is restored, 160; he
flies to the duke of Burgundy, 162; returns to
England, and lands at Ravenspur, 163; is recon-
ciled to Clarence, 164; wins the battle of Barnet,
165; defeats queen Margaret at Tewksbury, on
May 4, 1471, 166; insurrection of Falconbridge,
suppressed by Richard, duke of Gloucester, 167;
patronage of literature and printing by, 171; in-
vades France, is cajoled by Lewis XI., and con-
cludes the treaty of Picquiny, 173, 174; opposes
the marriage of Clarence with the heiress of Bur-
gundy, 175; accuses Clarence of treason, who is
condemned, and dies in the Tower, ibid.; war
with Scotland in 1480, 176; death of, on April 9,
1483, ibid.

Edward V., accession of, April 9, 1463, ii. 176; pro-
vision for the education of, ibid.; dissensions in
the council of, 177; earl Rivers and others of his
council arrested, 178; his mother and brother
take sanctuary in Westminster, ibid.; Gloucester
appointed protector, 179; time of coronation
appointed, 180; the duke of York removed to the
Tower, 184: declared illegitimate by parliament,
187; death of, with his brother, 188; evidence as
to the murder of, considered, 188-192
Edward VI., born Oct. 12, 1537, ii. 404; succeeds
his father, Jan. 28, 1547, iii. 1; the duke of So-
merset chosen Protector, 2; influence of the
young king's character, and journal of, 3; pro-
gress of the Reformation under, 8; repeal of
Henry VIII.'s various statutes of treason, 9; dis-
satisfaction of, with the guardianship of Somer-
set, 17; insurrection in Cornwall and Devonshire
against the innovations on the old religion, 21;
siege of Exeter by the insurgents, 22; defeat of
the insurgents at Cliff Heath, and numerous exe-
cutions, 23; John Ket's Norfolk rebellion against
inclosures, ibid.; the rebels encamp on Mouse-
hold heath, 24; their regular organisation, 25;
defeat a royal army in Norwich, 26; the earl of
Warwick defeats the rebels, on Aug. 27, 1549, 27;
Ket and his brother hung, 28; notice in Edward's
Journal of the confederacy of nobles against
Somerset, 31; who removes him to Windsor Castle,
34; Somerset is arrested and sent to the Tower,
36; the Protectorship revoked, ibid.; new laws
against the breaking of inclosures, 37; general
pardon granted, except to Anabaptists, 38; per-
secution of that sect, and burning of Joan Bocher,
38, 39; aversion of Edward to signing the warrant
for her execution, 38; Articles of Belief issued
by, 40; popish bishops deprived of their sees, 41;
remonstrates with the princess Mary against her
use of the mass, ibid.; Somerset restored to a
place in the council, 42; Somerset again arrested,
convicted of felony, and executed in Jan. 1551,
43 peace with France and restoration of Bou-
logne, 46; Northumberland the actual governor,
ibid.; becomes ill, ibid.; makes a will altering
the succession in favour of lady Jane Grey, 47;
dies on July 6, 1553, ibid.; character of, 48; edu-
cational institutions of, ibid.; table of the female
neirs to the crown named in the will of Henry
VIII. and the devise of Edward VI., 49
Edwin, king of Northumbria, receives Paulinus,
i. 71; converted by, 72

Edwy, accession of, in 956, i. 133; outrage of Dun-
stan during the coronation feast of, ibid.; mar-
riage of, with Elgiva, 134; revolt of Odo, and
appointment of Edgar as joint king, ibid.; is
separated from Elgiva, ibid.; death of in 960, 135
Egbert, king of Wessex, carly years of, at the court
of Charlemagne, i. 75; chosen king of Wessex,
A.D. 800, 77; defeats Beornwulf, of Mercia, A.D.
827, and consolidates England, ibid.; dies, 837,

79

Egyptians or gipsies, statute of Elizabeth against,
iii. 272

Elgiva, queen of Edwy, persecution of, by Dunstan
and Odo, i. 134

Eliot, sir John, con mitted to the Tower for his
speech in the House of Commons on the impeach-
ment of the duke of Buckingham, iii. 390; refuses
to make any submission, and is released, ibid.;
assists in the debate on the Petition of Rights in
1628, 397; prepares protestations against popery
and arbitrary taxation, 403; the Speaker held in
the chair while they are voted, 404; is sent to
the Tower, after the parliament had been dis-
solved in 1629, ibid.; refuses to acknowledge the
jurisdiction of the King's Bench in matters com-
mitted in the House of Commons, 409; is recom-
mitted to the Tower in March 1629, and dies on
Nov. 27, 1632, ibid.; his employments while im-
prisoned, 410; the judgment against him reversed,
ibid.

•Elizabeth, wife of Edward IV., takes sanctuary in
Westminster with the duke of York and her
daughter, ii. 178; allows the duke of York to join
his brother in the Tower, 184; submits to Richard
and leaves the sanctuary, 202; alleged harsh
treatment of, by Henry VII. and confinement in
the nunnery of Bermondsey, 214; dies in 1492,
231
Elizabeth, queen, born Sept. 7, 1533, ii. 349; inter-
view of, with Edward after Henry's death, iii. 2;
is courted by lord Thomas Seymour, who is exe-
cuted for treason, 16; joins Mary in her progress
to London, 54; is present at the coronation of
Mary, 57; is sent for from Ashridge to court by
Mary, 68; accused of a conspiracy with Courte-
nay, earl of Devonshire, and committed to the
Tower, 69; letter of, to Mary, 70; is removed to
Woodstock, 71; suspected of a knowledge of the
Dudley conspiracy, in 1556, 98; letter of, to Mary,
99; declines a marriage with the duke of Savoy,
101; the Spanish ambassador's account of her
character, 105; succeeds to the crown on Nov.
17, 1558, 107; refuses to attend mass on Christmas
Day, 108; the parliament press her to marry, and
she replies, 109; coronation and popularity of, 110;
Mary's statutes in favour of popery repealed, 113;
moderation of her proceedings, 114; peace con-
cluded with France, 115; becomes the acknow-
ledged head of the Reformed religion, 115; lends
assistance secretly to the Reformers of Scotland,
119; sends an army to the assistance of the Lords
of the Congregation in Scotland, 120; concludes &
peace with Scotland, in which she provides for
the safety of the Reformers, 121; sends an am-
bassador to condole with Mary on the death of
Francis II., 123; policy of, towards Mary, 124;
refuses her a safe-conduct for her return from
France to Scotland, ibid.; increased public spirit
of the people under, 129; restores the coin to its
standard purity, 130; processions of, 131; sends
aid to the French Protestants, in 1563, 132; Act
against papists passed, requiring the oath of
supremacy to be taken, ibid.; Edmund and Arthur
Pole convicted of conspiracy, and imprisoned for
life, 133; Act against "fond and fantastical pro-
phecies," ibid.; continued refusal of, to declare
Mary of Scotland her successor, 134, et seq.; re-
commends lord Robert Dudley to queen Mary as a
husband, ibid.; refuses to consent to her marriage
with Darnley, 135; secretly aids Murray and the
reforming nobles in their revolt against Mary,
138; becomes godmother to the infant James of
Scotland, 144; interferes to procure an impartial
trial of Bothwell, 147; remonstrates with the
Scottish nobles against the imprisonment of
Mary, 151; and more strongly against her ex-
torted abdication, 152; embarrassment of the
government of, on Mary's taking refuge in Eng-
land, 156; question as to the justice of detaining
Mary as a prisoner, 157: refuses to see Mary
during the conference appointed to hear the
charges against her, 158; anxiety of, for the safe
custody of Mary, 160; commits the duke of Nor-
folk to the Tower for contracting to marry the
queen of Scots, 161; insurrection in the North in
favour of the Roman Catholic religion, ibid. ;

touching story of lady Catherine Grey, 162; in-
correctness of the statement that she died in the
Tower, 163; intrigues of Philip of Spain, and the
Roman Catholics against, 168; the earls of West-
morland and Northumberland head a Roman
Catholic insurrection in the North, 169; sup-
pressed by the earl of Sussex, ibid.; papal bull of
excommunication against her, 170; new statute
against papists, 171; she is urged to proceed cri-
minally against Mary, ibid.; trial of the duke of
Norfolk on the discovery of a fresh intrigue, 173;
reluctance of Elizabeth to order his execution,
174; massacre of St. Bartholomew's, 175; con-
duct of Elizabeth on receiving the news, 176;
insecurity felt by, in consequence of the continued
intrigues in favour of Mary, 178; plots of the
Jesuits in England against, 180; Campion and
others executed, ibid.; increased severities against
the papists, 181; affords assistance to the Pro-
testants in the Netherlands, ibid.; declines the
sovereignty of them offered to her, 182; represses
the ambitious views of Leicester, 183; naval suc-
cesses of Drake, in 1585, 185; Walsingham's
announcement of new conspiracies, 185; convic-
tion and execution of Parry, 185; Babington's
conspiracy, 187; trial of the conspirators, 188;
alleged participation of Mary in the plot, 189;
Mary is transferred to Fotheringay, 190; letter of
Elizabeth to James VI., 191; association for her
protection, 193; statute for the protection of the
queen's person, 194; issues a commission for the
trial of Mary under this statute, ibid.; judgment
is pronounced against her, 197; parliament urges
the execution of the sentence, and the queen's
reply, 199; continued hesitation of, 200; signs
the warrant for Mary's execution, ibid.; inter-
view of, with Davison, ibid. ; endeavours to ex-
onerate herself from the charge of having caused
Mary's death, 203; slight grounds for the justi-
fication, 204; examination of the charge, in Davi-
son's statements, that she desired that Mary
might be privately assassinated, 205, et seq.;
threatened invasion of England by Spain, 214;
suspicions of, that James of Scotland intended to
aid Spain, 216; fresh preparations made by
Philip, 217; an army assembled at Tilbury, 219;
measures taken for the defence of the coast, 221;
speech of, to the army at Tilbury, 222; loyalty of
the Roman Catholics, on the threatened invasion
by Spain, 223; libels published abroad against
the queen, 224; the Armada is sent forth, 225;
its force, 226; the English fleet at Plymouth, and
its force, 227; superiority of the mariners, ibid.;
notice of the commanders, 228; the fleet leaves
Plymouth, on July 19, 1588, to encounter the
Armada, ibid; the successful fight up Channel,
230; tactics of the English fleet, 231; several
actions off the Isle of Wight, on July 26, 232; the
Armada attacked by English fire-ships in Calais-
roads, 233; the last great fight off Gravelines, on
July 29, 234; flight of the scattered Armada to
the north, 235; destructive losses of the Armada
in action and in its flight, 236; triumphal pro-
cession of the queen to St. Paul's, 237; expe-
dition sent to Portugal to assist Don Antonio,
238; Vigo taken and burnt, 239; energy of the
people shown by their volunteering against
Philip, by their discoveries, and in their litera-
ture, 239, 240; religious sects in the second half
of her reign, 241; progress of the Nonconformists,
242, 243; efforts of archbishop Whitgift to repress,
244; statutes against non-conforming Protestants
and popish recusants, in 1593, ibid.; sends an
expedition to aid Henry IV. and the Protestants
of France, 260; indications of a contest with par-
liament for Prerogative against Privilege, 261;
contests between the Crown and Commons, 262;
Morice sent to prison for a speech in the House of
Commons, 263; extenuations of Elizabeth's con-
duct, ibid.; attempt of Philip to procure her to
be poisoned, 264: expeditions against the West
Indies and against Cadiz, 265; statute passed for
the relief of the poor, in 1597, 268; statute against
vagabondage, 269; statute for regulating wages,
271; statute against Egyptians, or gipsies, 272;
statutes against the increase of buildings in Lon

469

don, 275; death of Burleigh, 278; and of Philip,
279; continued war with Spain, ibid.; state of
Ireland, 280, et seq.; quarrels with Essex, and
appoints him lord lieutenant of Ireland, to sup-
press the rebellion of Tyrone, 282; he fails, and
returns to England, 283; interview of, with
Essex, 284; her exposition of her method of
returning the affection of the people, 285; com-
mits Essex to "free custody," ibid.; Essex
attempts an insurrection, 287; it fails, and he
surrenders, 288; is tried with the earl of South-
ampton, ibid.; and is executed, on Feb. 25, 1601,
290; the Commons remonstrate against mono-
polies, 292; and she promises to abate them, 293;
she dies, March 24, 1603, 294; note on Essex's
ring, 295, 296

Elizabeth, daughter of James I., married to the
elector palatine in 1613, iii. 362; her husband
chosen king of Bohemia, on the Protestant in-
terest, 377; the palatinate invaded by the
Catholic powers, ibid.; tardy and useless assist-
ance afforded by James, ibid.; defeated at Prague,
and expelled from the palatinate, 378
Empson, sir Richard and Edmund Dudley, minís-
ters of Henry VII. in his extortions, ii. 240, 241;
convicted, and executed for extortion, on the
accession of Henry VIII., 258

England, motives for writing a History of, i. In-
trod. i.; materials for, Introd. ii. ; limits of, In-
trod. ii.; plan of the History, Introd. iv.-viii.
England; General views of the Condition of the People,
of Manners and Customs, of Literature and Art, &c.
The population probably a very mixed one at the
end of the third century, i. 43, 44; probable de-
crease of the British and Celtic element in, during
the third century, 44; encouragement given by
the Romans, for foreigners to settle in, ibid.; be-
comes independent of Rome, A.D. 409, 56; in-
terval between the cessation of Roman authority
and the dominion of the Saxons, ibid.; state of
industry and position of people as shown by
Domesday Book, 203, et seq.; misery occasioned
in, by the enclosure of the New Forest, 205;
gardens, vineyards, mills, mines, salt-works, and
fisheries noticed in Domesday Book, 207, 208;
condition of the people in cities and burghs as
shown by Domesday Book, 208-210; number of
churches noticed in Domesday, 213; condition
and manners of the people, temp. Edw. I., 391;
state of domestics, labourers, and serfs, as shown
by bishop Swinfield's Household Roll in 1289 and
1290, 396, 397; state of tenants and amount of
rents, 398; wages of domestics, ibid.; account of
a journey from Oxford to Canterbury in 1289,
401; fruit and vegetables produced in, 406; fur-
niture then in use, 408; articles of dress, and
their prices, 409; foreign trade of, 410; growth
of the military spirit among, 450; the laws ad-
ministered in the English language, ibid.; com-
parison of the people of France and Flanders
with that of, 453; superiority of the yeomen of,
over the feudal nobility of the continent, 455;
Chaucer's description of the social state of, 479, et
seq.; costume of, 480, 481; manners of the people,
482; state of the Church in, under Edward III.,
488, 489; attempts to reform the Church by
Wycliffe, 490; important constitutional principles
developed in, during the reign of Richard II., ii.
1, 2; decay of villanage in, and endeavour to
abolish it, 4, 5; enduring effects of Wycliffe's
labours on the religion of, 10; contest with the
pope as to the bestowal of benefices, ibid.; the
parliament supports the king in his resistance,
11; literature of, in the time of Richard II. with
notices of Piers Ploughman, Chaucer, Gower and
sir John Mandeville, 11-13; statutes passed in
1385 to prevent villans enfranchising themselves,
13; statute to prevent labourers changing their
callings or removing, 14; popular sports and
games in, ibid.; judicious sanitary laws, 15; un-
necessary state interference in social affairs, 15-
18; projected invasion of, by the French in 1385,
and destruction of the French and Flemish fleets,
22; condition of, temp. Rich. II., 32; violent
contests in the parliament of, on the accession of
Henry IV., 40; statute passed for the definition