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starch used as an adhesive; apparently he does not intentionally touch the leather; but the tit, when snapping up the dainty morsels, occasionally pulls off a dry speck of leather; hence his share in the damage.

Drastic measures should at once be taken to ensure complete removal, or the pest will spread all over the premises. Powerful sulphur fumigation, followed by the stripping of the walls, should be thoroughly undertaken. After stripping off the paper, it should be burnt in the room, to avoid transference of any insects elsewhere; and the walls should be washed in a strong solution of Jeyes's Cyllin. Repapering should not be proceeded with for at least a fortnight, during which time fumigation should be repeated as many times as a thorough searching shows it to be necessary. All bookshelves should be washed in the same solution, and all books, as far as possible, should be opened somewhat and left standing upon their edges in order that the sulphur fumes may have full access.

I found that the insects actually burrowed into the wall-plaster in pursuit of the paste that had soaked in; hence the necessity of thorough disinfection. E. W. Finchley.

'LOATH TO DEPART' (11 S. xii. 460: 12 S. i. 14). This was originally, no doubt, a special song or tune, but gradually it became a common term for any song or tune played on taking leave of friends.

Some of our regiments when ordered on foreign service play The Girl I've left behind Me.' This is their Loath to Depart.'

Chappell gives a lute tune with this title, and quotes Teonge, and also gives quotations from Tarleton, Beaumont and Fletcher, &c.

Edward Jones in his Relics of the Welsh Bards' gives an old tune of a melancholy character which he calls 'Anhawydd Ymadael-Loath to Depart.' I think I have also met with an Irish tune with this title. Teonge's Diary' is a very interesting book. It contains an early mention of cricket and muted or flatted trumpets; and his list of ships is useful for comparison with that given by Pepys. JOSEPH C. BRIDGE.

LETTER-BOOKS OF CHESTER (11 S. xii. 462). These have not been published as a whole, but extracts have been given in several works. MR. KENNY should read Chester during the Plantagenet and Tudor Periods,' by the Rev. Canon Morris, as it contains valuable extracts from our city archives. Apply for a copy to Griffith & Co.,

printers, Grosvenor Street, Chester; or look out for a second-hand copy, which costs about ten shillings.

Then the Historical MSS. Commission Report on Chester should be studied. Dr. Furnivall also published some of the letters, but I cannot call to mind the exact publication.

If MR. KENNY will write me direct, I shall be pleased to help him in any way I can. JOSEPH C. BRIDGE.

Chester.

CAROL WANTED (11 S. xii. 461, 508).—I have a small pamphlet entitled 'Nine Antient and Goodly Carols for the Merry Tide of Christmass,' by Edmund Sedding, published. by Novello & Co., 1864.

One of these nine carols is evidently the one your correspondent is looking for. I send a copy of the seven verses. The first verse is almost exactly as quoted by M. G. W. P.

1. All you that are to mirth inclined,
Consider well and bear in mind
What our good God for us has done
In sending His beloved son.

Chorus.

For to redeem our souls from thrall He is the Saviour of us all.

2. The night before that happy tide,
The spotless Virgin and her guide
Went long time seeking up and down
To find them lodging in the town.

3. That night the Virgin Mary mild
Was safe delivered of a Child,
According unto Heaven's decree
Man's sweet salvation for to be.

4. With thankful hearts and joyful mind
Three shepherds went this Babe to find,
And as the Heavenly Angel told,
They did our Saviour Christ behold.

5. Within a manger was He laid;
The Virgin Mary by Him stay'd,
Attending on the Lord of Life,
Being both Mother, Maid, and Wife.

6. Three Eastern Wise Men from afar,
Directed by a glorious star,

Came boldly on, and made no stay
Until they came where Jesus lay.

7. And being come unto the place
Wherein the blest Messiah was,
They humbly laid before His feet
Their gifts of gold and odours sweet.

Mr. Edmund Sedding, who was well known as an architect as well as a musician, in his preface states that the words of this carol are given in the Garland of Goodwill,' &nd that it is therein called 'The Sinner's

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Redemption.' This was a publication by THE OBSERVANT BABE (11 S. xii. 439, 505). Thomas Deloney, the first edition appar--W. W. Rouse Ball in his Primer of the ently being in 1596. Lowndes describes the History of Mathematics' records of the book as a collection of local tales and his- well-known mathematician Poisson (1781torical ditties in verse, which has run through | 1840) :numerous editions, and was till very lately printed as a chapbook.

Mr. Sedding appears to have brought out several sets of carols recovered from ancient times during the years 1862, 1863, and 1864. A. H. ARKLE.

Elmhurst, Oxton, Birkenhead.

KENNETT, M.P. (11 S. xii. 481). In the Blue-book of Members of Parliament, part i. Kennett does not appear in the index. This does not prove the negative, as the early returns are not always complete.

1213-1702, the name

In the Parliament of 1383 Johannes Kent, mercer, was one of the two members for Reading. The name occurs again, without description, in that of 1389/90, and again in that of 1403.

Later, Reading had, as one of its two members, Simon Kent in the three Parliaments of 1446/7, 1448/9, 1449. In the last he is described as mercer, and his colleague Thomas Clerk as draper.

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VANISHING LONDON: BAKER'S CHOPHOUSE (11 S. xii. 500).—It is a pleasure to be able to supplement MR. REGINALD JACOBS's interesting note, and assure lovers of old London that the demolition of this house has been postponed, and there is every probability of its being preserved and continued in its present uses for many years. It is doubtful if any of the coffee-houses of 'Change Alley can claim association with the early seventeenth century; Garraway's probably dates from the Restoration, but to Baker's there is no reference earlier than the advertisement cited by MR. JACOBS. See The Grasshopper in Lombard Street,' by J. Biddulph Martin, 1892, p. 214, &c. ALECK ABRAHAMS.

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"His father had been a common soldier....The boy was put out to nurse, and he used to tell that the nurse had gone out on pleasure bent, how one day his father, coming to see him, found while she had left him suspended by a small cord to a nail fixed in the wall. This, she explained, was a necessary precaution to prevent him from perishing under the teeth of the various animals and insects that roamed on the floor. Poisson used to add that his gymnastic efforts carried him incessantly from one side to the other, and it was thus in his tenderest infancy that he commenced those studies on the pendulum that were to occupy so large a part of his mature age." This may be of some interest to your readers. F. M. R.

NELSON MEMORIAL RINGS (11 S. xii. 233, 361, 402, 469). The letter of MR. GEO. W. G. BARNARD of Norwich (11 S. xii. 469) is one of the most interesting of the series on this subject. It not only reveals the fact that there are memorial rings to Admiral Lord Nelson in existence other than those provided for his funeral, but also shows that these have receptacles for his hair. The sixty memorial rings made by John Salter for the executors are black enamel with gilt letters side by side. MR. BARNARD describes his ring as oval, "with the letters N. B., above which is a viscount's coronet with the cap, and below a ducal coronet without the cap, all in blue enamel.” He adds that there is no inscription nor hall-mark, and (apparently) there is no hair in the 66 locket at the back of the oval. In the list that MR. PAGE gives of rings lent to the Royal Naval Exhibition at Chelsea in 1891 there are no fewer than three with hair-one with an inscription, lent by Messrs. Lambert & Co., and another by Miss A. J. Grindall. The question therefore is, For whom and by whom were the memorial rings with hair made, and are they all similar? It is well known that Sir Thomas Hardy cut off and brought to England the Admiral's hair, and that it was somewhat lavishly distributed by Lady Hamilton. But did she cause it to be put into rings for presentation, or did the recipients of the relics themselves have the rings made? Unfortunately John Salter's successors in the Strand cannot answer the former question, for they say that the present firm (Messrs. Widdows & Veal) do not possess Salter's books of that period; but they state that they have themselves repaired Salter's

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original memorial rings, and have made copies to replace lost ones. There exists a bill of " John Salter to Lady Hamilton, from Jan., 1800, to 1803," and among the "items are many presents; so that if she gave memorial rings after 1806 she probably employed his firm to make them. After her death in 1813" the effects of Lady Hamilton, deceased," were advertised to be sold by auction by Messrs. Abbott at the instigation of a Mr. McGorman and other creditors, and Salter was instructed to safeguard Miss Nelson's interests by inspecting the catalogue before the sale to ascertain if any of the articles belonged to her. His bill for examining the inventory, and for making three fair copies thereof, and for giving notice to Abbott," &c., amounted to 31. 58. 10d. In vol. vii. p. 389 of Sir Harris Nicolas's Nelson's Dispatches' is the account of Lord Nelson's visit to the shop of John Salter very early in the morning af Aug. 30, 1805, together with a copy of a paper in the possession of Mrs. Salter relating to the purchases he then made.

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If any reader can give a detailed description of the diamond memorial ring, with Nelson's hair and inscription at the back, lent by Messrs. Lambert & Co. to the Chelsea Exhibition, it would be a valuable addition to the lore already collected by N. & Q.' on the subject of Nelson memorial rings. THOMAS FOLEY.

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A more than usual power did in that name consist, Which thirty doth import; by which she thus divin'd,

There should be found in her, of fishes thirty kind; And thirty abbeys great, in places fat and rank, Should in succeeding time be builded on her bank; And thirty several streams from many a sundry way,

Unto her greatness should their watʼry tribute pay. The note to "Trent " by the Rev. R. Hooper in his edition of 1876 is to the effect that the word means "thirty." S. L. PETTY.

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The Academy, vol. xxiii., of April 28 and May 19, 1883).

As to the original sense of this river-name, a foot-note may deserve to be quoted which occurs in Jos. Stevenson's edition of Nennii Historia Britonum' (Lond., 1838), on p. 56, viz., that its (Cymric or Ancient Welsh) equivalent appears to have been the " Traeth Annwn," i.e., the Tract or Shore of the deep (sea) or region of the British Neptune.

Nennius describes the estuary of the Trent among the topographical wonders of Britain : Ostium Trans Hannoni fluminis, quia in una unda instar montis ad sissam tegit littora, et recedit, ut cetera maria (1.c.), thus alluding to the famous Eagre, or tide-waves of its mouth, reaching as far back as Gainsborough on its shore.

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H. KREBS.

The lines quoted form the concluding couplet of stanza xxxv. of Canto XI. in the The Faerie Fourth Book of Spenser's Queene.' If the English river is derived from the French trente, surely it must be unique among river-names; for such, as a rule, seem to be connected with the earliest settlers in a country-in ours being derived from Keltic, Cymric, or Gaelic roots. Can it be related to the verb trend," in the sense of bending in some direction? A. R. BAYLEY.

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Viator asked this question in the second chapter of the second part of 'The Compleat Angler,' but Piscator was unable to answer it; and Mr. Johnstone in his recently published book on The Place-Names of England and Wales' confesses that the origin of the name seems unknown." G. F. R. B.

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NATHANIEL LEE, THE DRAMATIST (11 S. xii. 502). It is hardly correct to say that Lee, according to Lord Rochester, was well lasht' by the head master Busby.' The lines to which reference is made, and which occur in Rochester's Horace's Tenth Satire of the First Book Imitated,' bear, as will be seen, a rather different signification. I quote from the Rochester of 1739- The Works of the Earls of Rochester, Roscomon, and Dorset....,' 2 vols. :—

When Lee makes temp'rate Scipio fret and rave,
And Hannibal a whining am'rous Slave,
I laugh, and wish the hot-brain'd Fustian Fool
In Busby's Hands, to be well lash'd at School.
Scipio and Hannibal are important char-
acters in Lee's Sophonisba; or, Hannibal's
Overthrow (4to, 1676), a vehement riming
tragedy produced with great success by the
King's Company. This passionate drama

qwes more of its inspiration to Orrery's but I cannot remember the title-from which Parthenissa' than to history. Hannibal is they were taken. It was attributed to the provided with a mistress named Rosalinda Rev. T. Jackson, of St. Mary Hall, afterwards (in the romance Izadora), a Roman lady, | Rector of Stoke Newington and Prebendary for whom he languishes in true heroic style. of St. Paul's. I think that information Mohun was the original Hannibal; Kynas- may be got from some Oxford bookseller, ton, Scipio; Mrs. Boutell, Rosalinda. e.g., the successor of Shrimpton in Broad Street. I should be very glad to hear news This latter describes a of this poem, and also of Uniomachia.' contest for the Presidency of the Union. It is written in Homeric Greek, with a Latin version and notes. I believe it was composed by Robert Scott, afterwards Master of Balliol. (Rev.) S. GOLDNEY, M.A. Pembroke College.

MONTAGUE J. SUMMERS.

THUNDER FAMILY (11 S. xii. 501).-It may interest your correspondent to know that there is (or was) a Madam Thunder, head of

the Convent of the Sacred Heart at Aberdeen. J. M. BULLOCH.

DUCHESSES WHO HAVE MARRIED COMMONERS (11 S. xii. 501).—Jean Drummond, widow of James, second Duke of Atholl (d. 1764), married (1767) Lord Adam Gordon, and died s.p. 1795. The Hon. Caroline Agnes Beresford, widow of James, fourth Duke of Montrose (d. 1874), married (1876) William Stuart Stirling Crawfurd of Milton (d. 1883), and (1888) Marcus Henry Milner, D.S.O. She raced as Mr. Manton," and died in 1891. Lady Emily Montagu, widow of William, twelfth Duke of Hamilton (d. 1895), married (1897) Robert Carnaby Forster.

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J. M. BULLOCH.

123 Pall Mall, S. W. 'COMIC ARUNDINES CAMI' (11 S. xii. 502). -I recollect that when I was a "lower boy at Eton in 1859 the following lines were constantly being quoted by small Etonians:Patres conscripti took a boat and went to Philippi. Omnes drownderunt qui swimmere non potuerunt Excipe John Periwig tied on to the tail of a dead pig.

Trumpeter unus erat qui scarletum coatum habebat.

I cannot remember the rest, but I never saw any book in which these lines occur, and I was always under the impression that they were schoolboy doggerel. I am very much interested to hear that they are from a book, and not handed down by tradition. A. GWYTHER.

I do not remember the title Comic Arundines Cami.' I have seen the lines quoted:

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Omnes drownderunt, &c. in a Comic Latin Grammar,' which was published about 1840.

The book concerning which your correspondent DE MINIMIS inquires is The Comic Latin Grammar,' published, I think, in 1841, and illustrated by John Leech. I have a home, cannot refer to it at the moment. copy in my possession, but, being away from

The lines from which he quotes an excerpt run as follows:

Patres conscripti took a boat and went to Philippi;
Trumpeter unus erat, qui coatum scarlet habebat.
Stormum surgebat, et boatum oversetebat;
Omnes drownerunt, quia swimaway non potuerunt;
Excipe John Periwig, tied up to the tail of a dead
pig.

G. H. PALMER.

[T. F. D. and the REV. R. P. HOOPER-who mentions that Tilt & Co. were the publishers of 'The Comic Latin Grammar'-also thanked for replies.]

UNDERGRADUATES AS OFFICERS OF THE RESERVE FORCES (11 S. xii. 502).—(1) University undergraduates are, of course, allowed to hold commissions in the Special Reserve. When I was in residence at Oxford many undergraduates did so.

The conditions are, in brief :-
:-

examined and must produce two certificates
(i.) A candidate must be medically
of character, one of which must be from the
head of the school or college most recently
attended by the applicant.

(ii.) If the candidate obtains a commission as second lieutenant, he is "on probation for six months, which period must be spent with the regular home battalion of the corps he joins. If he is in possession of "CertiWhen I was at Oxford, 1853-7, I met ficate A" this period is reduced to five with The Art of Pluck,' written, I believe, months, and if he holds Certificate B" he by Edward Caswall, of Brasenose. It con- is only required to be attached for three tained a mock examination paper, in which months. In the case of a candidate on the were similar dog-Latin lines set to be trans- six months' course of training this may be lated and explained. I once saw the poem-split up into two periods.

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(iii.) If the newly commissioned subaltern is not desirous of proceeding later into the line he is granted an outfit allowance of 40., otherwise he cannot claim it.

(iv.) At the end of his course he must pass an examination for confirmation of his rank and for subsequent promotion to lieutenant. If he fails he is required to remain attached, unpaid, until he passes.

As regards (2) and (3) I know nothing of

the late Militia.

A booklet dealing with the method of obtaining a commission in the Special Reserve can be obtained on application to the Director of Military Training, War Office. The Regulations for the Special Reserve of Officers and for the Special Reserve' cover the whole ground in detail.

the skull which appears under it in some ancient windows (for instance, in a charming early fourteenth-century quatrefoil representing the Holy Trinity in Cheriton Church, Kent) is meant for his. Later on it was intended to signify the victory of Christ over death: "Ubi est, mors, victoria tua, ubi est stimulus tuus?

The family of elder is not altogether an exemplary one; a certain member of this family had formerly an evil reputation. This was the dwarf-elder (Lat. Sambucus ebulus, Anglo-Sax. wal-wyrt), mentioned in leech-books as very dangerous, and, nevertheless, as a cure for leprosy and contagious diseases in another Enigma by Aldhelm (De Ebulo '). PIERRE TURPIN.

The Bayle, Folkestone.

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JOHN C. GOODWIN, Captain, 3rd Batt. the King's Own Regt., LYULPH": CHRISTMAS NUMBERS (11 S. (Special Reserve). xii. 502). This was the pseudonym of Henry Robert Lumley. In addition to the books WAR AND MONEY (11 S. xii. 400, 487).-mentioned he published the Christmas story The reference given by Buechmann is Something like a Nugget' (1868), which was Lodovico Guicciardini's 'L'Hore di Re-issued as a drama in four acts in the same creatione' (Venice, 1607), fol. 197. The year, and went into a second edition; a play entitled first edition was published in 1565. Savage' (also in prose, 1869); 'An Ancient Mariner,' a Christmas story (1870); and‘As You Like It,' a Christmas story illustrative of a great sovereign (1874). The author's name does not appear in the usual sources, and I am unable to find anything about him. ARCHIBALD SPARKE.

L. L. K. TREE FOLK-LORE: THE ELDER (11 S. xii. 361, 410, 429, 450, 470, 489, 507).-As for the tree of Eden, it was always thought in France to have been an apple tree. See Littré, Pomme et Pommier,' with many quotations, one of which is early fourteenth century: "La fame....Fist Adam no père premier, Mordre la pomme du pommier' (J. de Condé, iii. 268).

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But as concerning the Cross the same tradition seems there to have long ago disappeared, as it did in England. I am rather pleased that ST. SWITHIN had never heard of it; nor had I before reading the Enigmas of Aldhelm.

Unfortunately, the one on this subject was not quoted by me (xii. 450) in its entirety; the title alone, by itself, is quite clear: De malo arbore vel melario,' the latter undoubtedly for melapio, a Latinized Greek word, meaning a kind of a pearapple-tree, which is to be found in Pliny. Fausta fuit prima mundi nascentis origo, Donec prostratus succumberet arte Maligni ; Ex me tunc priscæ processit causa ruinæ, Dulcia quæ rudibus tradebam mala colonis. En iterum mundo testor remeasse salutem, Stipite de patulo dum penderet Arbitor orbis, Et pœnas lueret Soboles veneranda Tonantis.

The Légende Dorée' adds that Adam was buried at the very place where the Cross was planted; and I therefore consider that

J. S. BREWER AND E. C. BREWER (11 S. xii. 502). They were both sons of John Sherren Brewer, a schoolmaster of Norwich, E. C. Brewer being the younger of the two. G. F. R. B.

TIGERS' WHISKERS (11 S. xii. 481).-The beliefs regarding the whiskers of the tiger go back at least to the time of Niccolao Manucci, who landed in India in 1656. In his

Irvine, vol. i. p. 192), speaking of the
Emperor Shāhjahān, he writes:-

Storia do Mogor' (edited by W.

"In addition to the huntsmen, there is always an official present whose business it is to take possession of the tiger's whiskers: and therefore, as soon as the tiger is dead, they put on his head a leather bag, coming down as far as the neck. Having tied the bag, the official attaches to it his seal. After this the tiger is carried in front of the royal tents, when the official appears who has charge of the poisons, and removes the whiskers, which are employed as a venom.'

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Bernier (Travels in the Mogul Empire,' Oxford, 1914, p. 379) says that when a lion was killed by the king, the length of the teeth and claws was recorded, "and so on down to the minutest details"; he does

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