66 66 66 "SWADDY" (12 S. i. 228).-In 'Slang and its Analogues,' by John S. Farmer and W. E. Henley, one of the meanings given of "Swad" (also Swadder, Swadkin, Swadgill, and Swaddy") is "a disbanded soldier (Grose)," to which is added now-a-days a militiaman." None of the quotations given, except perhaps the first, points distinctly to a soldier, none at all to a disbanded soldier," or to a "militiaman." On referring to 'A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue,' 3rd edition, 1796, and Pierce Egan's edition, 1823, I find that Grose has only "Swad, or Swadkin. A soldier. Cant." In his 'Provincial Glossary,' new edition, 1811, Grose has Swad, siliqua, a cod [i.e. a pod]; a pease-swad: used metaphorically for one that is slender." This is reproduced by Nares in his Glossary,' but pronounced incorrect by Halliwell and Wright in the edition of Nares, 1872. Trulla, while I thy love enjoy'd, With you might toy and kiss ; . 66 Swad, a cant Word for a soldier." Bardolph's rival is a drummer, Spruce Tom, the son of Serjeant Kite." This song, dated "Winchester, Nov. 2," is in The London Chronicle, Dec. 1-3, 1757, or vol. ii. p. 533. This William Vernon is. mentioned in Allibone's dictionary as the author of Poems on Several Occasions,' London, 1758. The 3rd The Buffs (at one time called The Old Buffs), by origin a London regiment, is one of the few which have the privilege of marching through the City with drums beating and colours flying It may be inferred that the word Swad" (soldier) was used in England over one hundred and fifty years ago, probably much earlier. ROBERT PIERPOINT. 66 "Swaddy comes from an older substan tive, "swad," which also meant a soldier. It originally meant a disbanded soldier, but later was used to describe a militiaman.. With the disbanding of the militia the word. seems to have fallen into comparative disuse, though in a barrack town I know one of the "calls" was, up to recent years, parodied as follows: The sergeants' wives get puddings and pies, The poor old swaddies get none. The word is opprobrious in character, but it would appear to have arisen through the disorderly behaviour of disbanded soldiers and militia. ARCHIBALD SPARKE. Hotten's Slang Dictionary' (1865) supplies: "Swaddy, or Coolie, a soldier. The former was originally applied to a discharged soldier, and perhaps came from shoddy, which is made from soldiers' and worn-out policemen's coats." It may signify a toiler a "swotter." 66 Το swot," which is used at Harrow for to work hard, is said by Hotten to have originated at Sandhurst; it was due to the Scotch pronunciation of "sweat" by one of the professors. We are referred to N. & Q.,' vol. i.. ST. SWITHIN. P. 369. SONG WANTED (12 S. i. 227).-If my memory serves me rightly, the name of the song asked for was The Dustman's Wife.' I remember hearing it often as a boy, but do not think I ever heard the name of the publisher. A. BURLS. JOHNSTONE OF LOCKERBIE (12 S. i. 248).— Lord Stafford had eight sons and six I am afraid the pedigree of this house daughters, but although one of the former previous to being merged in that of Douglas was called Thomas, there is no reason to of Kelhead (1772) cannot now be recovered. suppose that he at any time went under an It is stated in the report on the Buccleuch assumed name. It is true that he was a papers by the Historical MSS. Commission good deal on the Continent, living at various (vol. i. part i. p. 67) that the seal of Mungo times in Venice, Warsaw, and Paris. He Johnstone of Lockerbie remains attached was, however, beheaded, quartered, and to a "letter of Slains" about 1569. There boiled in 1557 for his seizure of Scarborough is no record of the date when the chief of Castle, so could not have been the man who this powerful Border clan infeft a cadet of was living in Rome twenty years later. his family in the lands of Lockerbie; but Two of Lord Stafford's sons, Myles and mention of successive lairds occurs in con- George, were outlawed after Northumbernexion with several episodes in the murky land's rebellion in 1572, but both died in annals of the sixteenth century. France. E. STAFFORD. For instance, in 1534 Lady Dacre reported to her husband, English Warden of the Marches, that William Johnstone of Lockerbie and John Bell of Cowsett Hill had lain in wait at Lockarfoot for "Rowe Armestrange, Red Dande's son," chased him through Blackshaw, and killed him in Caerlaverock mire. "Andro Johnestoun in Locirbe," probably the son and heir of the aforesaid William, is mentioned as responsible for seven men, besides his servants and tenants on the twenty pound land of Turmour and Mantorig, in a bond of assurance entered into by the chiefs of Johnstone, Maxwell, and Douglas of Drumlanrig, some time between the years 1581 and 1587. In the same document Mungo Johnstone in Lockerbie is returned as responsible for eight men; and in or about 1592 "young Mongo of Lokarbie was murdered and his house burnt by swme of the Couchwmes, vtherwayes callit Jhonstons." THOMAS MINERS (12 S. i. 227). It is difficult to see how the Thomas Miners who was living in Rome in 1577, and who claimed to be a nephew of Cardinal Pole, can have been in such relationship. According to the Visitations of Sussex,' p. 89, Sir Richard de la Pole, who married Margaret, Countess of Salisbury (the eventual heiress, after her brother Warwick's death, of George, Duke of Clarence), had issue: (1) Henry, Lord Montacute; (2) Reginald, Cardinal; (3) Geoffrey, Sir; (4) Ursula, wife of Henry, Lord Stafford; (5) Arthur. MRS. QUON OR QUANE: MAJOR ROACH (12 S. i. 272).-The reference to her parentage hardly does justice to the memory of her distinguished father. I have gathered together the following notes from the Madras Government Records, Wheeler's 'Madras in the Olden Time,' and Mrs. F. E. Penny's History of Fort St. George,' in order to supply the omission. John Roach was in the military service of the Hon. East India Company. In 1708/9 he succeeded Capt. Seaton in the command of the Fort St. George garrison and of the Company's troops on the Coromandel coast. In 1711 there were local disputes as to boundaries with the country powers, and the Rajah of Gingee was practically blockading Fort St. David with a small army. Capt. Roach had only about 250 Europeans and Portuguese halfbloods at his disposal; but he engaged the enemy, and by the skilful disposition of the force at his command he obtained a decisive victory. It was the first trial of strength between European troops and the soldiers of the country powers, whose fighting qualities were an unknown quantity. Again in 1717 the Nabob of the Carnatic was 66 POWDERED GLASS (12 S. i. 169, 297).-This was long believed to act as a poison, and was even known as succession powder "; over a hundred years ago experiments in varied form were made showing that it is harmless. Details are given in Dr. Cabanès's 'Les Curiosités de la Médecine,' pp. 146-8. The belief lingers in the Orient; for instance, "powders of finely pounded glass were in evidence at a murder trial in Agra reported in The Times, Dec. 19, 1912, p. 5. ROCKINGHAM. Boston, Mass. pursuing a course of blackmailing by sending at Fort St. David and Trivatore is worth small forces against the Company's villages remembrance. Major Roach was a brave and demanding money as the price of and determined soldier, who on two notable retirement. Governor Collett of Fort cccasions upheld the honour of his country St. George consulted with Capt. Roach as on the field of battle against superior to possibilities, and finally dispatched him numbers. FRANK PENNY. with his 250 soldiers against the marauding enemy. After a fight, which lasted six hours, with a force which was four or five times larger than his own, Roach defeated the enemy at a place called Trivatore. For this he was promoted Major, and received other marks of appreciation from the local Government and the Court of Directors. In 1716/17 Major Roach married Adeodata Wheatley at St. Mary's, Fort St. George Genealogist, vol. xx. 58). She died in July, 1719, and was buried at St. Thomas's Mount (J. J. Cotton's Inscriptions '). If there was a second marriage, it did not take place at St. Mary's according to the Company's rule; consequently no record of it has been found. After his first wife's death he was at his own request transferred from military to civil work and admitted as a merchant. In consideration of his former good services he was allowed to retain his command of the garrison, in case his military assistance should be again required; but this without pay. In 1727 he was admitted a member of the Governor's Council, and in 1732 he ranked next to the Governor. In or about 1730 he got into trouble with the local Government for abetting a young woman to run away from her lawful guardians and take refuge in his house. The offence was regarded seriously by the Government of Fort St. George, and Major Roach was fined 300 pagodas. In 1735 he went home, leaving his reputed wife and children in charge of the St. Mary's Vestry as their guardians and trustees. Later in the year a passage home was granted to her in the name of Mary Roach, and presumably the children, in one of the Company's ships. In 1738 he died. A reference to his will shows that he left the residue of his estate in trust for the benefit of the two children commonly called Deodata Roache and Elizabeth Roache," to be paid to them on marriage or on arriving at the age of 21 years; and provided that until one or other of these events the children should be allowed yearly for their maintenance 100l. What happened to the girls afterwards is a sad story, and is hardly worth dragging into the light of day. It was not the result of poverty. The story of their father's effort to provide for them and his gallant conduct FOURTEENTH-CENTURY STAINED GLASS : in common with other people in the fifteenth EPISCOPAL RING (12 S. i. 267).-Ecclesiastics, century, wore their rings on the first joint of their fingers. The custom was introduced into England by Margaret of Anjou, and it lasted for about a hundred years. the In New College Chapel, Oxford, memorial brass of Thomas Cranley, 1417, Archbishop of Dublin, shows the ring at the first joint of the second finger; and on that of John Yong, 1526, in the same chapel, a ring is depicted on each finger and thumb, and all on the first joint. He was titular Bishop of Callipolis. Union Society, Oxford. E. BEAUMONT. REAR-ADMIRAL DONALD CAMPBELL (11 S. xi. 401). As a result of further search, I find I can now answer my own query. Donald Campbell, whose seniority as Admiral is June 14, 1814, died, aged 67, at sea on his flagship Salisbury, Nov. 11, 1819, when Commander-in-Chief at the Leeward Islands station. He was buried in the Garrison Church at Portsmouth, Feb. 3, 1820, and mention of the obsequies is to be found in The Hampshire Telegraph and The Times of the 7th and 8th of that month. A tablet to his memory is in the Garrison Church, erected by his son Lieut.-Col. Henry Dundas Campbell, who has also placed in the church a memorial tablet to his mother, Margaret Harriot Campbell, who died on Jan. 17, 1831, aged 65 years; as well as one to his infant son Donald. Admiral Campbell was born in Islay in 1752. I shall be grateful for any further information about him or his family. A. H. MACLEAN. 14 Dean Road, Willesden Green, N.W. 66 THE SECOND WIFE OF JOHN MOYLE OF EASTWELL, KENT (12 S. i. 189).-I fear the pedigree which states that the above lady was a daughter of Sir Robert Drury of Essex" is in error, for I know of no Sir Robert of that county, and although there have been a number of knights of the name of Robert, the one living at the time indicated was of Hawstead, in the county of Suffolk. None of his daughters, however, married John Moyle, unless it was as a widow; but of this I cannot be certain. It looks, however, like a confusion of the names 66 Darcy and Drury. And I might here point out a similar error which occurs in Lysons's 'Derbyshire,' p. 272. Under Sutton-onthe-Hill" it says: 66 Bassano's volume of church notes mentions the tomb of Margaret, Lady Sleigh, daughter of Sir Richard Drury." This is incorrect. It should be Darcy, and not Drury. CHARLES DRURY. 12 Ranmoor Cliffe Road, Sheffield. COTTERILL: CONNEXION WITH THE CONTINENT (12 S. i. 229). I cannot say where the Cotterilli dwelt, but that they were a tribe or people, and not merely a species of savage soldiery (see Du Cange), may, I think, be rightly inferred from a passage in chap. viii., bk. ii., of Girald de Barry's Description of Wales,' 'How this nation is to be overcome." It is not to be done, he says, by the counsels of the people of Anjou and the Normans [but].. by the natives of the [Welsh] marches, inhabited by the English. By such men were the first hostile attacks made upon Wales. . . . For the Flemings, Normans, Coterels, and Bragmans are good and well-disci plined soldiers.' 66 66 About thirty-three years before Girald wrote this, there was in Herefordshire in Wales" a certain Walter Coterel receiving fixed alms of 60s. 10d. from the sheriff (Pipe Roll 5 Hen. II.). In Shropshire, too, at about the same time, and in Glamorgan at a later date, other Coterels were to be found. AP THOMAS. LEITNER (12 S. i. 48, 133).-I do not know why it should be supposed that the distinguished Oriental scholar Gottfried W. Leitner should have borne a fictitious name. I was introduced to him in the early sixties of the last century by a mutual German friend, who at that time was tutor in Mr. de Bunsen's family at Hanover Gate, Regent's Park. He was appointed to a chair at King's College, London, and remained there until he went to India. L. G. R. Bournemouth. DISRAELI AND MOZART (12 S. i. 167).— If Mozart was a Jew, it seems remarkable that he should have been made a Christian so early. Was he not born on Jan. 27– the feast day of St. John Chrysostom, and baptized the same day with the names John Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus? I quote from memory. Blackfriars. S. G. OULD. REV. ROWLAND HILL (12 S. i. 189, 273).— Rowland Hill was born at Hawkstone, near Shrewsbury, 1744, and died at his house in the Blackfriars Road, London, his own request, he was interred in a brick On April 19, according to April 11, 1833. vault beneath the pulpit of Surrey Chapel, A suitably inscribed slab was placed over the grave, and in front of the organ gallery a marble memorial was accorded in the renewal of the lease of the building, a conspicuous position. Owing to difficulties the congregation removed in 1881 to a new chapel, which had been erected in the Westminster Bridge Road through the untiring efforts of their minister, the Rev. Newman Hall. At the base of the Lincoln Tower of the new building, known as Christ Church, a vault was prepared to receive the remains of Rowland Hill, and here they were reinterred at 6 o'clock in the morning of April 14, 1881. The coffin was found to be still in the best possible preservation, and the inscription thereon was then copied as follows : Over the grave was deposited the same slab of black marble which covered it in Surrey Chapel. On the wall of the tower above the grave was also placed the inscribed memorial, surmounted by his medallion, taken from the organ gallery of the old chapel. The following are the inscriptions :(Slab over grave) Sacred to the memory of the Revd. Rowland Hill, A.M., Obiit 11th April 1833, in his 89th year. rather in token of the grateful recollections of a revered pastor by his bereaved and mourning congregation, than as a tribute suitable to the worth of one-the imperishable monuments of whose labours are the names written in Heaven, of the multitudes led to God by his long and faithful ministry. His mortal remains were interred in Surrey Chapel on the 19th day of April, A.D. 1833. He was born on the 23rd of August, 1744, and died on the 11th of April, 1833. Re-interred here April 14th, 1881. The last line has, of course, been added to the original inscription. JOHN T. PAGE. Long Itchington, Warwickshire. GEORGE KNIGHT, ARTIST (12 S. i. 227). -I should like to ask whether this is one of the three sons named George Knight of James Forster Knight, Esq., The Manor House, Blandford, co. Dorset: the dates of their birth were July 8, 1749, Feb. 10, 1753, and April 1, 1756. As so many members of the family were painters of pictures, I think the said George Knight may be one of these three, though I lack any confirmation of the conjecture, and should like to know what became of the three George Knights, and whether any of them married and left descendants. FRANCIS KNIGHT. I bought two unframed marine views by this painter from a picture dealer in Southampton Row in 1890. I understood that he was then still busy with his brush. The shop, I believe, still exists. L. L. K. GUNFIRE AND RAIN (12 S. i. 10, 56, 96, 170). The following passage reveals early theorizing on the subject. It is derived from pp. 164-6 of A Rational Account By John Pointer, M.A. County of Northampton, and Printed for Aaron Ward, at the King's Arms in Little-Britain. MDCCXXXVIII. "Whatever might be the Cause of Great Rains in former Ages I shall not pretend to determine, but since the Invention and Firing of so much Gun-powder, in Times of War, (of which we have had the Experience in this last Age more than ever) I cannot but think that the Elements are much alter'd, and that we have had Greater Rains of late years than ever were known in former Ages; and therefore I cannot but attribute these Great Rains to the vast Quantities of Sulphur and Nitre occasion'd by the continual explosions of such prodigious Quantities of Gun-powder in Time of War. For these great Quantities of Sulphur and Nitre arising from the Explosion of Gun-powder (besides the ordinary Quantities of Sulphur and Nitre arising from the Exhalations out of the Pores of the Earth, together with the constant Vapours arising from the Seas and Rivers) do naturally produce great Rains of themselves, or else Thunder and Lightning continually attended with Great Rains, and that not only immediately but for several Days and Weeks after. Which plainly shews there is a natural Disposition in Sulphur and Nitre to produce Rain, and any one knows that Sulphur and Nitre are dissoluble in Water, and when they are embodied in a Watry Cloud; or however, it is a Matter of Fact that Rain is the constant Concomitant of Thunder and Lightning which are caus'd by Sulphur and Nitre. We may call to mind (some of us) that Great Rains were in the Time of the late Civil Wars. We may easily remember the continual Wet Years we had during the late occasion'd by Wars likewise in several other Parts twelve Years Campaign in Flanders, besides those of the World at the same time. We may still more easily remember the Wet Summers during the late Wars in Poland and Italy, &c., when at one single Siege there were at least 5,000 Bombs fir'd off, many of them 500 lb. Weight, and 10 lb. of Powder generally used in firing off each single Bomb. The great Quantities of Powder exploded in the aforesaid Wars must needs surely alter the Elements and be the Occasion of more than Cause of Rain but Sulphur and Nitre, and the ordinary Rains. For nothing can be the material more the Clouds are supply'd with this Matter, the more the Earth will be supply'd with it. and consequently by a reciprocal Motion of Ascension and Descension we may (I think) reasonably account for the unusual Temperature of the Air, and the Unseasonableness of the Weather." ARDEA. SARUM MISSAL: HYMN (12 S. i. 229, 296). The three lines quoted are taken from Adam of St. Victor's noble Sequence for Easter. They are translated by Dr. J. M. Neale : David after madness feigned, Scapegoat, now no more detained, They are taken as types of the Resurrection (Mediæval Hymns and Sequences,' 3rd ed., p. 120). Archbishop Trench, Sacred Latin Poetry,' 3rd ed., p. 170, annotates : Arreptitius arreptus furore. The word occurs in Augustine, De Civ. Dei,' ii. 4 The allusion is to 1 Sam. xxi. 14, where, instead of the Vidistis hominem insanum?' of the Vulgate, an older Latin version must have had arreptitium, as is plain from Augustine, Enarr. I in Ps. xxxiii.,' where he expounds at length the mystery of David's supposed madness, and of the prophecy which was herein of Christ, of whom the people said, 'He is mad, and hath a devil.'... Et passer-The allusion is not to Psalm xi. 1, but to Lev. xiv. 49–53.” Banwell. C. S. TAYLOR. |