555 Thither came Uriel... 560 . He thus began in haste: This day at highth of noon came to my sphere 565 A Spirit, zealous, as he seemed, to know More of the Almighty's works, and chiefly Man, To whom the winged warrior thus returned: So minded, have o'erleaped these earthy bounds 585 Spiritual substance with corporeal bar. But if within the circuit of these walks, In whatsoever shape, he lurk of whom Thou tell'st, by morrow dawning I shall know." Apart from the hapax legomenon rock of alabaster, none of the above similarities is very striking. It is their frequency within such a comparatively small compass that speaks in favour of the conjectured connection. See also the next passage. 4.598-609 XIII. Queen Manchica. The famous description of the approach of night contained in lines 598--609 provides a number of "echoes" from Nos 40 and 41, which were also drawn upon by the author in the preceding passage. Mantle for Manchica is a most curious example of the effect of sound apart from the sense. 598 came (No 40). 604 The starry host, rode brightest, till the Moon, And o'er the dark her silver mantle threw Living sapphires for growing sapphires is a highly ingenious substitution! XIV. Adam and Eve's Bower adorned in the Chinese Style. 4.689 Thus talking, hand in hand they passed 690 On to their blissful bower. It was a place 695 Chosen by the sovran Planter, when he framed Acanthus, and each odorous bushy shrub, Fenced up the verdant wall; each beauteous flower, Iris all hues, roses, and jessamine, Reared high their flourished heads between, and wrought 700 Mosaic; under-foot the violet, 705 Crocus, and hyacinth, with rich inlay Broidered the ground, more coloured than with stone Beast, bird, insect, or worm, durst enter none; Such was their awe of Man. In shadier bower Nor Faunus haunted. Here, in close recess, 715 Endowed with all their gifts; and, O! too like In sad event, when, to the unwiser son On him who had stole Jove's authentic fire. Compare Nos 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 52. — The above passage affords excellent illustrations of Milton's methods of borrowing: (1) Direct Derivation: fenced in connection with wall; brought. (2) Substitution: gifts for presents; all hues for all colours. (3) Elaboration flowers is elaborated into a long list of names drawn from his poetic repertory. (4) Inversion: The ceilings painted with flowers become the broidered ground with its mosaic of flowers. What is reported of a work of art, viz. of the Chinese house, is attributed to the "bower", a work of nature. (5) Suggestions: The markets "odoriferously smelling with spices" suggest the idea of the "sweet-smelling plants". The word "idolators" makes him introduce references to Pan, Sylvanus, Faunus, and the Nymphs, though but feigned. The allusion to the custom of bringing presents causes the reference to Pandora and her history. 4. 720 XV. Adam and Eve in the Russian Wilderness. Thus at their shady lodge arrived, both stood, The God that made both sky, air, earth, and heaven.. in Russia, hence the use of arrive. is responsible for the following lines: 4. 729 .. and this delicious place, 730 For us too large, where thy abundance wants Partakers, and uncropt falls to the ground. The word side (No 17) occurs twice in line 741. XVI. Gabriel on Guard at the Gate of Shirokalka. 4. 776 Now had night measured with her shadowy cone 780 To their night-watches in warlike parade; When Gabriel to his next in power thus spake: "Uzziel, half these draw off, and coast the south Compare Nos 50, 54, 57. The word issuing (1.779) is found in No 70. Lines 776,77 contain an allusion to the time of sunset (No 50). The expression at the accustomed hour bears a strong affinity to the abverb duly (No 50). XVII. Satan on the North-eastern Passage. From other coincidences, mainly in book II, it will appear that Satan's enterprise of discovering the newly created world is likened to the first English expedition to Archangel under Sir Hugh Willoughby as described in chap. V of the "History of Moscovia". In the present instance, there is but one direct verbal coincidence; nevertheless, the connection seems unmistakable. 4.935 I therefore, I alone, first undertook This new-created World, whereof in Hell Compare, in the beginning of chap. V (Fletcher p. 577b): “But Sir Hugh Willoughby escaping that storm, and wandering on those desolate seas... put into a haven where they had weather as in the depth of winter." Satan's flight through Chaos is regulary described in naval terms. Other less definite echoes are the following: the "blasting vollied thunder" reminds of "the mariners discharging their ordnance" (Fl. p. 577b); 943 "whose easier business were to serve their Lord" may have been provoked by the reference to "good King Edward" in the prose text; 944 the allusions to "cringing" and "fawning" (see also 1. 959) may have been occasioned by the incident of the "fishermen" who "prostrated themselves and offered to kiss his (i. e. the English leader's) feet“ (Fl. p. 578a). XVIII. Gabriel and the Expulsion of the Tartars from Moscow. This passage is introduced by what appears to be a clear allusion to Ivan the Terrible's habits of devotion as decribed in No 68: 4.957 "And thou, sly hypocrite, who now wouldst seem Patron of liberty, who more than thou Once fawned, and cringed, and servilely adored 960 Heaven's awful Monarch?" ... The passages preceding No 68, i. e. Nos 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, can be proved to have strongly influenced the lines which follow in the poetic text: 960 66 wherefore, but in hope To dispossess him, and thyself to reign? But mark what I areed thee now: Avaunt! Fly thither whence thou fledst. If from this hour 965 Back to the infernal pit I drag thee chained, 970 "Then, when I am thy captive, talk of chains, Proud limitary Cherub! but ere then Far heavier load thyself expect to feel From my prevailing arm, though Heaven's King Ride on thy wings, and thou with thy compeers, 975 Used to the yoke, drawest his triumphant wheels In progress through the road of Heaven star-paved." The name of the archangel, Gabriel (see l. 1005) occurs in No 66 as that of a Russian duke! XIX. Satan enters Paradise through the Bay of Archangel. If Milton is assumed, on the strength of the evidence to be submitted below, to have based his conception of Satan's flight to Earth, and to Paradise in it, on the story of the attempts by the English at discovering the north-east passage, one may expect to find traces of this connection in the story of his second entry into Paradise as well. 9.58 By night he fled, and at midnight returned His entrance, and forewarned the Cherubim That kept their watch. Thence, full of anguish, driven, |