private life. All his days were employed in fulfilling the duties, which his fate and the will of the French people had imposed upon him. Heaven would watch over France, and defeat the stratagems of the wicked. The citizens might be free from alarm-his life would continue as long as it should be of utility to the nation. But he wished the French people to understand, that without their confidence and affection, existence would be to him without consolation, and to them without an object.

These measures were accompanied by communications to the same effect issued in general orders to the French armies, and were followed of course by corresponding addresses. General Pichegru, although still in Paris, had contrived to elude the vigilance of the police: notwithstanding a proclamation had been issued, offering a reward of a million of livres for his apprehension. He was, however, at length betrayed by the person with whom he lodged, an exchange broker of the name of Blanc, and arrested on the 28th of February. Blanc, however, did not escape unpunished for his treachery. Murat, who had signed the proclamation, had him arrested and exiled from Paris.

tary reputation, his probity, his moderation, and disinterestedness. He was adored by a great proportion of the ariny, and possessed the esteem of all well disposed persons. He was also considered as the natural rival of Buonaparte, and looked up to as the only person who was able to deliver France from his sway.

It was not therefore unlikely that Buonaparte should be anxious to rid himself of this formidable barrier to 'supreme power: but nevertheless the state of parties in France, and the popularity of General Moreau, rendered it necessary for Buonaparte to exert all his capabilities for manœuvre and intrigue to mask his real plans against General Moreau,

On the 29th, a law was proposed and passed in a single sitting, to pu nish with death every person who should afford an asylum to Georges, or any of his accomplices.

Georges was taken on the 9th of March, accompanied by a person of the name of Leridan: he killed with a pistol shot one of the police officers, and wounded another.

It was not unknown in Paris that the jealousy of Buonaparte had long been excited against General Mo réau, on account of his high mili

Even after the arrest of General Moreau, Buonaparte perceived the necessity of proceeding against him with the most guarded caution. The trial lasted nearly three weeks, from nine in the morning until six in the evening. During its progress, General Moreau was received in the hall with enthusiastic applause, and throughout he displayed the greatest firmness.

The sentence of the judges was, that General Moreau was not guilty of the charges alleged against him by the Tribunate, but that his conduct had been inconsiderate. And they therefore sentenced him to two years imprisonment.

A fear of raising the indignation of the army, induced the First Consul to remit the punishment decreed to that of banishment. A letter which General Moreau addressed to him, was made the plea for this lenity, and General Moreau immediately quitted Paris. He went first to Spain, and was at Cadiz during the malignant contagion which raged there in the beginning of 1805, and from thence to America. On his

A 4

arrival

arrival in America, General Moreau made a tour along the banks of the Ohio and the Missisippi. He visited the astonishing falls of Niagara, and surveyed every other natural wonder with which that extraordinary country is ornamented. In this excursion, General Moreau had an opportunity of observing the manners of the Americans: their internal policy and national resources. He clearly comprehended the strength and ability of the states, and in all his views of the Americans as a rising people, he invariably spoke with judgment, and predicted with truth.

After his tour, General Moreau, having been joined by his wife and child, purchased a house called Morrisville, below the fall of the Delaware; and there, with the wreck of his once large fortune, had the happiness to find in the enjoyment of a few friends, whose tastes and sentiments were congenial with his own, a portion of tranquillity, which banished in some degree the remembrance of what he had lost in Europe.

By the Code Napoleon, the expense of the trial falls on the person accused. And the government have the choice amongst all the individuals implicated in the same accusation. It fell of course on General Moreau; and Madame Hulot, his mother in law, who had undertaken to send him the produce of his property, to America, was obliged to pay out of it the whole expense of the trial of Pichegru, Georges, and their friends.

It is observed in a work intitled "the Secret History of the Cabinet of Buonaparte," that at the conclusion of each day's sitting on the trial of General Moreau, the prisoners were conducted to their pri

66

sons between two files of soldiers and that as General Moreau passed the soldiers grounded their arms, and some whispered in his ear, " Mon General voulez vous de nous ?" General do you want us?"Non," was the answer, "Je naime pas le sang." "No, I do not love blood." Had he but given the word, it was generally believed that Buonaparte would have been a prisoner in the Temple in less than six hours

Although retired from public scenes and public men, General Moreau was not to be forgotten; and when the oppressed continental states rose to throw off their chains of slavery and misery, to compel Buonaparte to confine himself to the ancient boundaries of France, and to restore to their rightful owners the territories he had possessed himself of: when the revolutionary springs of France appeared to be worn out, the counsels and the military skill of General Moreau were regarded by the sovereigns of Europe, as essentially necessary to the completion of their just and honourable designs.

Colonel Rappatel, the aide de camp of General Moreau, who had shared in many of his most brilliant victories, and who did not abandon his general in the hour of misfortune, passed through this country about a year since in his way to Russia, whither he had been tempted to go in consequence of overtures from the court of St. Petersburg, by their minister at Philadelphia, Mr. Dashkoff, to General Moreau, offering him a command, and requesting his aid in the general deliverance of Europe. He was there received with those distinctions which were due to the friend and fellow soldier of Morçau, and was in a short time appointed to an im

portant

portant command in the Russian army. From the representations made by that officer, General Moreau was induced about the end of May, 1813, to quit his retirement at Philadelphia, in order to reassume that situation he was so admirably qualified to fill. He accordingly retired from those scenes where he had passed some years, universally beloved, in the enjoy ment of that respect, which is due to a life well spent, and embarked in the Hannibal for Europe, again to plunge into that tempestuous ocean, where all his brightest hopes had once been shipwrecked.

The Americans repeatedly offered General Moreau the command of their armies, and the agents of Buonaparte were continually employed to induce him to the adoption of some step that might deprive him of his well earned popularity; and they even flattered themselves with -inducing him to become ruler of North America; but those, and every other attempt, were foiled by the nobleness which constantly animated General Moreau, and which, throughout his tempestuous career, drew respect from such of his enemies as enjoyed any liberality of feeling.

When the Russian minister found that General Moreau acceded to the wishes of the Emperor Alexander, he applied to the British Admital Cockburn, for a licence for an American ship to go to Europe with a passenger, and on the 21st of June General Moreau embarked at Hell Gate, on board the Hanni, bal, 500 tons burthen, and sailed from America. He landed at Gottenburg the 26th July, and on the 4th August he again embarked at Ystadt, in a Swedish brig of war for Stralsund. The Crown Prince of

Sweden, then at Berlin, set off to give his early friend a meeting, and to concert with him a plan of military operations for the ensuing cam paign. It was determined to orga nize a separate corps d'armée, to be principally composed of French prisoners, and called Moreau's legion. This body was to be decorated with the white or national cockade, to bear the motto " pro patria," to fight for the deliverance of Europe, and in particular for the emancipation of Frenchmen. A part of the plan agreed upon was, that General Willot, who was expected in England from America, together with General Rewbel, (the commander in chief of the Westphalian army,, at the time of the escape of the Duke of Brunswick, and who was disgraced by Buonaparte on account of that event,) were to organize such of the French prisoners as they could raise in this country, and to have disembarked with them in the north of France.

After a passage of two days, General Moreau arrived at Stralsund : his reception there was proportionate to his rank as a general in chief, to his misfortunes and his renown. He pursued his journey, and on the 10th of August reached Berlin, accompanied by Colonel Rappatel, and Mr. Svinine, a gentleman in the civil department of the Russian government, and now in this country. General Moreau was greeted by the populace with the most rapturous welcome. They assembled in front of his apartments with joyful acclamations, and in the evening he was serenaded.

On the morning of the 11th General Moreau visited all the princes and generals then resident at Berlin: those distinguished personages immediately, returued his visits; and

in

in the evening of the same day he set out from Berlin, accompanied by the gentlemen above mentioned, to join the Emperor of Russia and King of Prussia, at their headquarters.

At eight o'clock in the evening of the 16th August, General Moteau arrive at Prague.

The counsellor of legation, Colonel Rappatel, was immediately sent to the emperor and king, to acquaint them of the same. These personages, conceiving General Moreau to be extremely fatigued from his journey, deferred secing him till the following morning: but before the General was dressed, the emperor rushed into his apartment, and embraced him.

The King of Prussia soon after arrived, and assured the general of his high satisfaction in finding that they should have his able assistance: the emperor desired that he would draw on his treasury for every demand that he should require, but which noble offer the general with equal, nobleness declined: representing that he brought with him sufficient funds for the present campaign, and which he hoped would be the last. Two days afterwards, the 18th August, the Emperor of Russia presented General Moreau to the Emperor of Austria, by whom he was received in a manner flattering to his feelings, and worthy of his character.

The eventful years that had passed since the departure of General Moreau from the land of his nativity, the success of his imperial rival, and the changes effected in the politics of Europe, were alike unable to obliterate from the minds of men the services or the just renown of General Moreau. His reputation was permanent, because it

was founded on the qualities of the heart; and his military character was unimpaired, because it was solid. His health was drank at Dresden by the officers in the setvice of Napoleon; and but for the interference of General Berthier, they would have paid for their enthusiasm by their lives. Two officers in the service of Buonaparte deserted to General Moreau from Dantzig; and had he been spared to his country, there is no doubt that he would have been joined by many valuable French officers.

The battle of Dresden, and the plan of the campaign were arranged and advised by General Moreauthey are no doubt some of the grandest ideas that he had ever projected. General Moreau was in earnest conversatiom with the Emperor Alexander in the midst of the battle, and in the act of giving his opinion on some military movements, while passing with the emperor behind a Prussian battery, to which two French batteries were answering, one in front, and the other in flank, and the British minister, Lord Cathcart, and Major General Sir Robert Wilson were listening to him, when a ball struck his thigh, and almost carried his leg off, passed through his horse, and carried away the calf of his other leg. He uttered a deep groan, but immediately after the first agony of pain was over, spoke with the utmost tranquillity, and perceiving the officers around him in the greatest distress, he observed, "Soyez tranquilles, messieurs, c'est mon sort" and leaning on Colonel Rappatel, who supported him in his arms, he observed, though I am lost, to die in so good a cause, and in the presence of the Emperor Alexander, is sweet."

The horror and consternation that followed

followed this catastrophe are indescribable, but General Moreau, after receiving his wound, never deviated from the calm and even temper, which so peculiarly characterized him and indeed throughout the whole of his sufferings, he bore his

:

fate with heroism and grandeur of mind not to be surpassed, and appeared, to those with whom he con versed, from his extreme composure and calmness, to endure but little pain."

FTER the death of Lord

“A1 Shaftesbury, however, in

November, 1682, Sydney no longer hesitated to engage in the counsels of his friends; and, through the Earl of Essex, whose confidence he had acquired, was induced to bear a part in the consultations of that nobleman, the Duke of Monmouth, Lord Russell, and the younger Hampden, on the situation of public affairs. By his persuasion, Lord Howard also was admited into their confidence, although implicated in the wildest schemes of Lord Shaftesbury, and otherwise regarded with distrust. And, at a later period, with as much imprudence, they associated with Lord Grey of Wark. It is impossible to ascertain clearly the exact purport of their meetings, since the testimony of these two men, who alone have pretended to develope it, is liable to many serious objections.

"Alarmed at the rapid strides of. despotism, the Whigs had resolved to avoid all active interference, while the nation continued regardless of the impending danger; unless, by the calling of a new parliament, the ⚫ exertion of their influence should be required. The arbitrary measures of

the court, meanwhile, had almost reached their achmé, and the privileges of the people had been grossly invaded, in the last election of sheriffs at Guildhall. In such circumstances, therefore, the attention of Sydney and his associates might be justly directed to the means of averting the danger, which threatened the extinction of their liberties. They might listen to Lord Howard's details of what had been, or might still be devised for the public good. A communication with their friends in Scotland being expedient, for their common safety, a messenger might be dispatched to collect information on the state of that country. And Sydney might loudly assert his preference of a republican scheme of policy, and even vindicate the legality of taking arms against an oppressive government, without any of the party involving themselves in acts of conspiracy or treason.

"Resistance had indeed become a matter of prudence rather than of morality, in the prevailing temper of the times; since the chains of despotism are more closely rivetted, by every injudicious attempt to break them. It is probable, there

fore,