excludes the sweetest enjoyments. Nothing is more delightful than the consciousness of being beloved; and this it does not admit. It is universally detected and disesteemed. Happiness is in great part reflex-rayed back from the objects to whom we afford it, or whose welfare we promote. A single or insulated life lacks this emanation, and commonly induces selfishness.

Moral courage meets all the chances of good or ill; multiplies ties of love, friendship, and duty; and finds its reward in a balance of felicity. What Lord Bacon has said of the conjugal union is true of every other intimate relation-it halves griefs and doubles joys. Entire, mutual confidence, dependence, and interest, form the climax of earthly beatitude. The pleasure of consanguinity, in its different forms, are greater, on the whole, than its pains ;-so of the close affinities,-of patriotism and philanthropy, in their various labours. Wisdom teaches the multiplication of sources of rational delight and solace, in the widest extent. Thus, it is of signal advantage to possess a discriminating fondness for letters and the fine

arts. Science and letters are inexhaustible-a perpetual feast, of endless variety-a sure refuge against all the ordinary follies and distresses. Those who are not conversant with literature, know not how much they losehow many worlds superior to our own are visited, inhabited, as it were, by true votaries. The study of ethics, as this subject is formally treated, or incidentally found in books, would alone compensate for the absence of sensual gratification. Enthusiasm, the opposite of selfishness, disembodies-spiritualizes-kindles into rapture-occasions emotions of triple depth and intenseness, which dignify and strengthen the whole moral frame, and rouse and brace the spirit to the noblest purposes and firmest perseverance. Every innoxious preventive of

satiety and ennui may be classed with the chief blessings. The poet Delille, in enumerating the vices or scourges of Paris, did not exaggerate when he wrote

"Là, sombre et dédaignant les plaisirs légitimes

Le dégoût mène au vicc, et l'ennui veut des crimes."

There are two special agents of happiness or miseryImagination and Religion-which would require, each, a copious dissertation, to be traced in their decisive influences. The magnificent poem of Akenside on the Pleasures of the Imagination illustrates the richness and beauty of this topic. With regard to Religion, it has at all times and everywhere, affected the secular state of man in nearly as great an extent, as it is believed to control his destinies after death. No community, no individual, can dispense with religion. All must extend their hopes and fears beyond the limits of the visible world, and endeavour to reconcile the interests of the present with those of the future life. Adam Smith, in a work which may be said to contain all the practical and moral philosophy of reason,-his Theory of Moral Sentiments-well observes-" Our mortal happiness is on many occasions dependent upon the humble expectation of an existence to come; an expectation deeply rooted in human nature; which can alone support its lofty ideas of its own dignity; can alone illumine the dreary prospect of its continually approaching mortality, and maintain its cheerfulness under all the heaviest calamities to which, from the disorders of this life, it may sometimes be exposed." The true "theory of agreeable sensations," and natural theology yield the same maxims, and furnish the same solutions of the problems in this subject; but calamities befall us for which we can be consoled and in

demnified by positive and revealed religion alone. Christ's Christianity teaches all moral excellence, and parries every evil. Piety, the practical and speculative combined, defies every form of injustice and misfortune; while it admits that diversified fruition on which we have touched. It may be sincere without harshness, earnest without gloominess, orthodox yet tolerant. Bigotry, superstition, pharisaical arrogance, an undue disquietude about salvation, a panic terror of death and judgment, are perversions of gospel truth and charity, which inflict the usual consequences of infirmity and extravagance.

FEMALE TRAINING.

"EVADNE" now requests our ideas on Female Education-a subject only less ample than that of Happiness which we ventured to treat in a rapid and desultory way. The present theme does not refer merely to the common tuition in the schools; to French, dancing, and embroidery: it embraces, or should embrace, the whole care and training of the body and the mind, morals and manners: It means the preparation of the sex for other scenes and efforts than those of drawing and ball rooms, the theatre and the promenade: It looks to domestic duties and enjoyments;-to adversity, not less than prosperity; -to the relations of daughter, spouse, mother, housewife: besides determining the welfare of the individuals, it involves some of the dearest interests of society :good, it is the greatest benefit which a parent can confer; bad, it is a curse, or a constant impediment to true respectability and comfort.

We do not altogether concur with the writers who

think that education should, universally, be adapted to the existing social condition;-for, when carried beyond, it may serve to refine that condition in a material degree. The state of things, as yet, in our republic, would seem to exact in general only clever and upright men of business, and notable, amiable, and virtuous women; but wealth, leisure, and luxury increase, and we need a higher standard in the improvement of the intellect, and in external accomplishments; so that the use of them may be more salutary and elegant, and the force of example beneficially operative. Still, our general circumstances,—the modicity of fortunes, the comparative humility and narrowness of ideas, the liability to reverses, the necessary immediate supervision or agency in household affairs, the nature of our political institutions and social order-must be allowed considerable influence in the system of American female education, further modified, like every other, by position and prospects, by residence in town or country, the possession of rank or opulence, and so forth. The peculiarities of the temperament, mental and bodily, of females, and their special destination, require a course of instruction and discipline from the earliest period, materially different from that which is proper for boys. It is not always that this distinction is observed as early and as minutely as it should be, for the developement and preservation, not alone of the higher faculties and separate aptitudes, but of the petty morals and numberless delicacies and graces which mark and adorn the female character.

Characteristic health, morals and manners, may be pronounced the primary objects in the management of girls. It is a subtile and fine remark of Montesquieu, in one of his occasional essays, that complexional modesty is

the source of much of what we deem feminine grace. "Comme les femmes ont tout à defendre, elles ont tout à cacher la moindre parole, le moindre geste, tout ce qui, sans choquer le premier devoir, se montre en elles, tout ce qui se met en liberté, devient une grâce; et telle est la sagesse de la nature, que ce qui ne seroit rien sans la loi de la pudeur, devient d'un prix infini depuis cette heureuse loi, qui fait le bonheur de l'univers." The acceptation of the word effeminacy illustrates the common sense of that difference which ought to obtain in the bodily qualities and habits of the two sexes. Neither muscular robustness, iron nerves, nor even the speed of Atalanta without her avidity, or the hunting powers and spirit of "the chaste-eyed queen" are desirable: but, on the other hand, security of constitution, full developement of the frame, all the cares which improve the natural attractions of the person while they exclude pain and languor, deserve to be constantly studied. The writers on the physical education of our species have not neglected to indicate the means of preserving the female temperament with the advantages of health and the beauties of form. We are not advocates of the Callisthenic scheme:-give nature due scope and she will prompt to exercises sufficient for that important purpose. Too many of the spare, undeveloped, pallid, valetudinary figures which we meet, have been made such by bandages and lacings, by sedentary indulgences, contracted postures, dread of the open air, slight clothing in severe weather, or fashionable vigils.

The poet describes cheerfulness as "the nymph of healthiest hue :" the want of health occasioned by injudicious training, produces those disorders of the mind, the hypochondriacal ills to which females are held particularly subject-rendering existence, in some cases, but a