Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth: Childbirth

administration amniotomy anaesthesia analgesia antibiotics Apgar score asphyxia assessment baby birth blood breast breastfeeding bupivacaine caesarean section catgut cent cerebral palsies cervical dilatation cervical ripening Chapter childbirth clinical confidence interval confidence intervals 0.01 controlled trials cord clamping CTRL Odds ratio doses drugs Effect electronic fetal monitoring Embrey epidural episiotomy EXPT CTRL Odds extra-amniotic fetal distress fetal heart rate fetus forceps gastric Graph of odds haemorrhage hospital increased inducing labour induction of labour infection intrapartum Keirse lactation maternity units membranes methods midwives morbidity mother neonatal newborn obstetricians odds ratio 95 Odds ratio Graph operative delivery oral outcome oxytocic oxytocin pain relief Pediatr perinatal perineal placebo polyglycolic acid postpartum pregnancy prophylactic prostaglandin randomized ratios and confidence reported risk routine rupture spontaneous stage of labour Study EXPT CTRL sutures Table Thiery tion treatment Typical odds ratio uterine vacuum extraction vaginal delivery woman women