person to supress the rebellion there, Evil Consell" disBuaded him from it, that were afrayd (as he wel observes), that he shud have any one Kingdom quieted. And I pray God that those that are against your Maties good designs for Ireland may not be afrayd you shud make any of your Kingdoms intirely your own which you canot reckon so, while the Fanatics or their favorers share in the government For as your royal father says in his advice to the prince of Wales, Jacobs voice may be always heard from that party but Kings upon occasion wil ever feel they have Esaus hands

The Copie of a letter sent with the preceding letter S Since by your Majesties gracious leave I gave you an account of a remark I made upon the F Kings double dealing when fa: Patt, was in France I have presum'd to trouble your Majestie with som letters wherein I humbly offerd my opinion concerning the best measures to be taken in order to replant y' religion in your dominions by Calm & legal meanes. The last I writt was dated the 14 August last. And in it I endeavord to answer such objections as might be made to a further thorow alteration in the Civil and Military Governmt in Ireland as the first & most necessary step towards the reestablishment of yr religion, temporal interest & the security of your R Catholic subjects. I know it ought to be lookd on as an officious piece of presumption in any subject to meddle of his own accord with any thing beyond his sphere especially matters of state, But my being of a poor nation that must stand & fal with you, and looks on you as the breath of their nostrills wil I hope induce you to pardon a loyal plain dealer that can with a safe conscience Cal God to witnes he neither has nor had any end or design in oportuning your Majestie with Letters other than Gods glorie, the good of religion & the security of your interest. I make it appeare in the paper I send together with this letter that the several Insurrections in Ireland were rather y effect of persecution and opression than any inclination in the Natives to Rebellion since their first total submission to the Crown of Engl for tho the introduction of new Laws, strange customs & foreign language & manners cud not at first be very welcom to a Nation unhapily left out of the pale of that Civility that accompanied the Roman Conquest in al its extent, yet al considering men must acknowledge that Ireland was never truely happy (laying a side persecution for religion) til civiliz'd & govern'd by English Laws, nor never more unhapy than under the irregular governmt of their petty provincial Kings as being miserably harrassd with continual warrs & the sad effects thereof, Confusion, rapin & murthers. I humbly prostrat myself at your Majesties feet & beg your gracious pardon for the liberty taken by St

May it please your Majesty, yr Maties most faithfully devoted Subject & most humble & obedient Servant.

W. FRAZER, F.R.C.S.I., M.R.I.A. (To be continued.)

SHAKSPEARIANA.

"WINTER'S TALE," IV. iii.- .

"Clamor your tongues, and not a word more." On the look-out for an example justifying clamor, I came across in Holyoke Rider's English-Latin Dictionary the apparently then semi-obsolete verb "to clamme, v. stoppe." Again, in W. Dickinson's Dialect of Cumberland (E.D.S., 1878) I found, "Clammers, S.W., a yoke for the neck of a cow to

prevent her leaping hedges" (i. e., a contrivance to stop or restrain her, a stopper). The bucolic clown, therefore, using a bucolic figure, said: "" Clammer [i. e., put the clammers on] your tongues, and let them not be unruly; not a word more." Shakspeare, had he but once heard this verbal form of the phrase, would have been struck with its difference from, its almost opposition to, the ordinary clamour, and have remembered it the more readily. No importance need, I think, be attached to the difference of spelling in those days of licence, and in sound they are almost identical. In his wanderings, circa 1600, or at other times, he may have heard the word in Cumberland. At present I say in Cumberland because I know not of its use elsewhere. From two farmers I find it is not known about Kenilworth, nor, as I learn from my Shakespearian and antiquarian friend Mr. S. Timmins, is it known to him about Birmingham, but I would ask our local antiquaries and dialect gatherers to look out for it. Its last locale may be in Cumberland only, but it is likely on search to be found elsewhere also.

I have not alluded to Grose's notice of clammd in Gloucestershire till now, because we want more information on the subject, as, for instance, whether it is clammd or clammd up that stands for choked up. But I may add that in Minsheu, 1616, we find what may be a variant use of, or a separate word from, clammers: "2015*, to clammer or climme, as it were to catch hold with clawes; vide to climme." Under climme, however, we only have variant spellings of "climb, to get up. Hence it looks as though this clammer were merely a variant form of clamber. BR. NICHOLSON. "HAMLET," I. iv. 36:

"The dram of eale

Doth all the noble substance of a doubt
To his own scandal."

Tiresome as I fear any one must seem who adds another conjecture upon this corrupt passage, I cannot but think that the word of which eale is a corruption is leaven. That this is the figure which is in Shakespeare's mind appears from 1. 29 above:

"

"Some habit that too much o'er-leavens The form of plausive manners." I would point out that the corrupt word contains all the letters of leaven, only transposed, except v and n, the latter of which may have been omitted through its occurrence in the line above as the final letter of corruption. Then, instead of "of a doubt," I would read in the following line "oft adopt," and the passage would run :— "The dram of leaven

Doth all the noble substance oft adopt
To his own scandal,"

i.e., makes "all the noble substance" share in the scandal which properly attaches to it alone.

Since writing the above I have discovered that the conjecture adopt is already upon record.

“HAMLET,” V. i. 57 :—

"Go get thee to Yaughan; fetch me a stoup of liquor." I had conjectured "Go to, get thee gone," for the words italicized, when turning to the reprint of the quarto of 1603 in the Cambridge Shakespeare, I find that much the same words must have had a place in the dialogue, though they do not appear in the folios :

"Clowne. Prety agen, the gallows doth well, mary how dooes it wel? the gallowes dooes well to them that doe ill, goe get thee gone.

And if any one aske thee hereafter, say,
A Graue-maker, for the houses he buildes

Last till Domes-day. Fetch me a stope of beere, goe." The dialogue appears in an expanded form in the folios, and the words have been corrupted, perhaps, in the course of transcribing and transposing.

D. C. T.

"TEMPEST,” III. i. 13.— "But these sweet thoughts doe even refresh my labours Most busie lest, when I doe it."-First Folio. In "N. & Q.," 5th S. vii. 224, I pointed out that lest is a variation of list and lust, and that its primary meaning was delight. List is the Scandinavian form of the word, lust the German, and hleste or leste the O. Friesic form. In support of this interpretation-that lest here means delight I wish to refer to De Haan Hettema's Idioticon Frisicum, where hleste or leste is interpreted by lætitia, and as the equivalent of the Du. vreugde (joy) and lust; and to two passages in William of Palerne, from which it will appear that list or lest was formerly used at pleasure :

460) upon the late Col. Chester, whose death I deeply deplore. I should, however, like some further information upon the subject-matter of the note, as for the last four years I have been under the impression that the actual emigrant from whom George Washington was descended was known, and that there was evidence to support his claim. In Brington Church, Northamptonshire, there are memorials of the Washington family, the family, I believe, from whom "the father of his country" was descended. In 1878 these memorials were visited by the Royal Archæological Institute, and in the Graphic for October 5 of that year there are engravings and an account of such memorials. The article traces the Washington_family from the year 1532, from Lawrence Washington to his descendant Sir John Washington, and then proceeds as follows:

"Little is known of Sir John, save that he appears, like the other Washingtons, to have taken the side of the king in the civil wars, and that he was concerned, along with a younger brother Lawrence, in the troubles of 1656, and so with him obliged to take refuge in Virginia. Before his emigration he lived some time at South Cave in Yorkshire, where he had acquired an estate. Emigrating about the year 1657, he settled at Bridge's Creek, Westmoreland County, and, marrying again, became the great-grandfather of President of his shield, and the eagle issuant of his crestWashington. In the red and white bars and the stars borne later by General Washington-the framers of the Constitution undoubtedly got the idea of the stars and stripes and the spread eagle of the national

emblem.

If this is incorrect, and President Washington was not descended from the family whose names appear in Brington Church, perhaps MR. DIXON,

knowe

"HENRY V.," I. ii. (6th S. v. 243).— "Than amply to imbare their crooked titles," &c. At the risk of being told that

"Fools rush in where angels fear to tread," might I humbly suggest that "imbare" might have been written or printed for unbare (lay bare) "their crooked titles". come boldly forward to expose and substantiate them by proof, instead of raising a side issue by an appeal to a law which the speaker considers inapplicable? F. A. W.

GEORGE WASHINGTON'S ANCESTORS.-I have read with interest MR. DIXON's note (6th S. v.

able to supply information upon the subject, and I shall be glad to have the doubts raised in my mind cleared away. GEORGE PRICE,

144, Bath Road, Birmingham.

"

THE "COCK" IN FLEET STREET: ITS FARTHING TOKEN.-London antiquaries cannot but view with great regret the impending and apparently quite needless demolition of the tavern where in 1668 Pepys "drank, and ate a lobster, and sang, and was mighty merry." It is a tradition of this venerable "alehouse," for so it is called on the obverse of the token, its palladium, shown to all inquiring visitors, that no other specimen has survived-as the head waiter has it, "This is the last of them, sir"-and the illustrations in Akerman's Tradesmen's Tokens, 1849, and in an article in the Illustrated London News, 1856, are both taken from this source. The farthing is wanting in the wonderfully rich collec tion of London tokens in the British Museum, and (so far as published catalogues go) in the Guildhall collection. I happen to possess one,

F. Boot[t?], Esq. The following are the anonymous tracts of the above Dr. Duncan, professor in Edinburgh University, 1807-32:

"List of Officinal Plants, arranged according to the Natural System of Jussieu improved by De Candolle." 8vo. pp. 1-27. No title-page.

"Some Account of Signora Girardelli, the Incombustible Lady now exhibiting in Edinburgh, with Observations on the Power of resisting the Action of Fire, as evinced in a Variety of Examples." 8vo. pp. 1-12. Double columns, no title-page.

There is an anonymous work on Signora Girardelli in the British Museum, dated Carlisle, 1818, 12mo. I mention this merely to supply the probable date of the above.

ADRIAN WHEELER.

NORTHERN NAMES FOR HOLY WEEK.-In Danish Holy Week is called Dimmel-uge, in Swedish Dymmel-vecka. In Icelandic the three days before Easter are called dymbil-dagar. Dr. Vigfusson, in the Icel. Dict., says that during the dymbil-dagar the bells in Iceland were rung with a wooden tongue, called dymbill, an article which is often mentioned among the inventories of Icelandic churches of the fourteenth century. Dr. Vigfusson thinks that the word dymbill is the

Eng. dumb-bell, as in the Roman Church the bells were dumb or muffled in Holy Week. This use of the dymbill corresponds to that of the crécelle in France, see Littré, s.v.:

"Crécelle, instrument de bois qui sert à faire du bruit, et dont on se sert les jours de la semaine sainte durant lesquels les cloches ne sonnent pas, c'est à dire de jeudi à samedi midi; cet usage de la crécelle n'existe plus."

Did the "dumb-bell" custom survive the Reformation in England? A. L MAYHEW.

Oxford.

LANGFORD MANOR, DEVON, The manor of Langford, in the parish of Columptum, came into the possession of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, under the following circumstances. It belonged to, and was the seat of, Sir Robert Langford, who was sheriff of the county in the ninth of Henry III. His successor in the early part of the sixteenth century was John Langford, who died leaving an only daughter, Anne, his heir. He made this curious provision in his will, which prevented her immediate succession to the estate, she was not

to inherit in fee unless she married a certain person named by him, who was to have lodging at or near the manor house for three months, that it might be seen whether he could make himself acceptable, or further, in default of his succeeding in this, unless she married one of three other persons, who in succession were to have the same opportunity as the first suitor. In default of the heir marrying any one of these, she was to hold the estate for her life with remainder over to certain distant relatives.

It appears that the principal object of the testator failed, and that Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter, the founder's chief friend, persuaded him to purchase the interest of the reversioners; in consequence of which the estate was bought by him, and remains with the college at the present time. The extent is about 635 acres. The will of the devisor, with affidavits as to the premises, is in the possession of the college. This history is suggestive of a novel with incidents of an unusual character. ED. MARSHALL, C.C.C. ol. Soc.

COL. CHESTER'S COPIES OF PAROCHIAL REGISTERS. At the present time, when so much is being both said and written as to the preservation and copying of parish registers, it may be well to inquire what is to become of the late Col. Joseph Lemuel Chester's manuscripts. In the Standard, the writer of the article on his life and genealogical labours states that the greater number of English parish registers had been copied for his private use. A writer in another paper goes yet further, and states that he had "obtained a written copy of the parish register of every church in England and carefully indexed the whole." Assuming that these statements are to be taken in a modified

Queries.

We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct.

HENRIETTE D'ANGLETERRE.-Perhaps not the least deserving of pity of the ill-fated family of Stuart was the Princess Henrietta, who became the wife of Monsieur (as he was called), the only brother of Louis XIV. and Duke of Orleans. Her faults (and doubtless she had faults to answer for) seem almost expiated by her sudden and painful death-whether caused by poison or disease may perhaps (notwithstanding the painstaking investigations of the late distinguished savant M. Littré) never with certainty be known. Taken from the seclusion of a convent to be espoused to a frivolous, effeminate dandy, without a heart to bestow on his spouse, she was all at once exposed to the temptations of the dissipated court of Versailles. So fascinating was "Madame " that it has been said of her that "she exacted the love of all with whom she conversed." Madame de la Fayette wrote a life of the ill-starred English princess which was partly dictated by Henrietta herself. This has recently been reprinted by the house of Charavay Frères of Paris in a handsome volume, one or two passages in which may not be without interest for the readers of "N. & Q."

Of George Villiers, the second Duke of Buckingham of that family, Madame de la Fayette wrote, "Le Duc de Buckingham, fils de celui qui fut décapité, jeune et bien fait, étoit alors fortement attaché à la princesse royale sa sœur, qui étoit à Londres." Which passage the editor, M. Anatole France, thus attempts to correct :

"George Villiers, Duc de Buckingham, fils de George, né en 1627, Ambassadeur et Ministre en 1671, auteur de comédies, mort en 1688. Son père fut non pas décapité, mais assassiné à Portsmouth par John Felton le 23 août, 1628. Les deux membres de cette [?] famille qui eurent le sort que Madame de la Fayette attribue au favori de Charles I. sont Henri, Duc de B., qui eut la tête tranchée sous Richard III. en 1483, et Edmond, fils de Henri, qui mourut par le même supplice sous Henri VII. en 1521."

In recounting the events of the poor princess's last day in this world, Madame de la Fayette says; "Elle alla ensuite voir peindre Mademoiselle, dont un excellent peintre anglois fasoit le portrait." In a note the editor asks, "Serait-ce le peintre Pierre van der Faes, si célèbre en Angleterre sous le nom de Lely et peintre ordinaire de Charles II. ?" Perhaps some readers of "N. & Q." may be able to answer this inquiry. J. LORAINE HEELIS.

LESLIE DE CLISSON, FRANCE.-I wish to identify the persons and places mentioned in the notice of this branch in the Records of the Leslie Family, vol. iii. p. 322. I do not find any Leslie mentioned in the History of Clisson, on the Loire.

The first who came from Scotland in the sixteenth Lavalle Montmorencie, married Margaret, daughter century was in the Legion of Picardy under Count of Count Arthur de Lavalle Montmorencie, and was styled Sieur de Vergène. His son Charles Leslie married Anne, daughter of James, Sieur de Clisson et de la Zouche, governor of the Castle of Enghien. His son Nicholas married Magdalen, daughter of John, Sieur de la Perière et de la Rosch. His son Peter married Anne Létar de Beauvais, daughter of William de la Grandemaison. His son Francis was Chevalier de Ricardière, Bersileure, and Sabuson, and Councillor of the King, and was alive in 1740. He married Perina Sevault, by whom he had four sons-two ecclesiastics; of the other two, one was in the Legion of Bourbon, and the other in that of Auvergne and Inspector of the Commissariat in Belgium. A similar notice will also be found in the Laurus Leslaana, published at Gratz, 1695. The Archivist at Lille could not trace the names.

SCOTUS.

THE CORONETS OF DUKES OF THE BLOOD ROYAL.-I should be glad to know since what date the coronets of dukes of the blood royal, which are described in all works on heraldry as being composed of crosses patées and fleur-de-lis, have been assimilated to those of ordinary dukes, composed of strawberry leaves. That this alteration must have taken place I conclude from the fact that on the monument erected by Her Majesty the Queen to her father H.R.H. the late Duke of Kent, in St. George's Chapel at Windsor, the two shields of arms of the duke and duchess are ensigned with ducal coronets composed of five strawberry leaves. AN AMATEUR HERALD.

ELIZABETH, WIFE OF JOHN WILMOT, SECOND EARL OF ROCHESTER.-Will any correspondent tell me the dates of the birth, marriage, and death of Elizabeth, wife of John Wilmot, second Earl of Rochester, and also what were the supporters, crest, and motto used by the Wilmots, Earls of Rochester? M. A.

THE BERMINGHAMS OF BIRMINGHAM AND OF heraldic or genealogical notes not ordinarily accesIRELAND. I should be very grateful for any and the Berminghams of Ireland, as I have almost sible relating to the Berminghams of Birmingham exhausted the ordinary sources of information. Any notes may be sent direct to

W. F. CARTER. Hazelwood, Hagley Road, Birmingham. "TEAR LIMB FROM WARBURTON." mysterious expression is prevalent among the uncultivated classes of Cheshire. If a mother finds ordinary threats or objurgations fail in reducing any of her refractory urchins to obedience, she, as her flast resource, will threaten to "tear