Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global WarmingBloomsbury Publishing USA, 03.06.2010 - 368 Seiten The U.S. scientific community has long led the world in research on such areas as public health, environmental science, and issues affecting quality of life. Our scientists have produced landmark studies on the dangers of DDT, tobacco smoke, acid rain, and global warming. But at the same time, a small yet potent subset of this community leads the world in vehement denial of these dangers. Merchants of Doubt tells the story of how a loose-knit group of high-level scientists and scientific advisers, with deep connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge over four decades. Remarkably, the same individuals surface repeatedly-some of the same figures who have claimed that the science of global warming is "not settled" denied the truth of studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain, and CFCs to the ozone hole. "Doubt is our product," wrote one tobacco executive. These "experts" supplied it. Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, historians of science, roll back the rug on this dark corner of the American scientific community, showing how ideology and corporate interests, aided by a too-compliant media, have skewed public understanding of some of the most pressing issues of our era. |
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Seite 24
... finally stop quoting tobacco industry spokesmen to provide “balance.”78 While smoking had declined, industry profits had not. In 1969, R. J. Reynolds reported net revenues of $2.25 billion. Despite the mounting political pressure to ...
... finally stop quoting tobacco industry spokesmen to provide “balance.”78 While smoking had declined, industry profits had not. In 1969, R. J. Reynolds reported net revenues of $2.25 billion. Despite the mounting political pressure to ...
Seite 30
... question.”117 When asked, “Does direct cigarette smoking cause lung cancer?” the attorneys objected on the grounds that the question was “irrelevant and immaterial.” When finally instructed to answer, Cline was 30 Merchants of Doubt.
... question.”117 When asked, “Does direct cigarette smoking cause lung cancer?” the attorneys objected on the grounds that the question was “irrelevant and immaterial.” When finally instructed to answer, Cline was 30 Merchants of Doubt.
Seite 31
... finally instructed to answer, Cline was evasive. Cline: Well, if by “cause” you mean a population base or epidemiologic risk factor, then cigarette smoking is related to certain types of lung cancer. If you mean: In a particular ...
... finally instructed to answer, Cline was evasive. Cline: Well, if by “cause” you mean a population base or epidemiologic risk factor, then cigarette smoking is related to certain types of lung cancer. If you mean: In a particular ...
Seite 33
... finally gave them the authority to do so.125 One reason the industry's campaigns were successful is that not everyone who smokes gets cancer. In fact, most people who smoke will not get lung cancer. They may suffer chronic bronchitis ...
... finally gave them the authority to do so.125 One reason the industry's campaigns were successful is that not everyone who smokes gets cancer. In fact, most people who smoke will not get lung cancer. They may suffer chronic bronchitis ...
Seite 50
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Inhalt
1 | |
36 | |
Acid Rain | 66 |
Whats Bad Science? Who Decides? | 136 |
The Denial of Global Warming | 169 |
The Revisionist | 216 |
Acknowledgments | 275 |
Index | 345 |
Andere Ausgaben - Alle anzeigen
Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues ... Naomi Oreskes,Erik M. Conway Eingeschränkte Leseprobe - 2011 |
Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues ... Naomi Oreskes,Erik M. Conway Eingeschränkte Leseprobe - 2011 |
Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues ... Naomi Oreskes,Erik M. Conway Keine Leseprobe verfügbar - 2010 |
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
acid rain American argued argument Assessment Atmospheric attack Bad Science Bill Nierenberg Carbon Dioxide cause CFCs chapter chlorine Cigarette claims Climate Change colleagues Committee debate defense Earth’s effects emissions Environment Environmental environmentalists experts Fred Singer Frederick Seitz free market George H. W. Bush Glantz global warming Health Heartland Institute human Ibid impact insisted IPCC issue Legacy Tobacco Documents letter Lomborg lung cancer Marshall Institute ment Naomi Oreskes National Academy nuclear winter ozone depletion ozone hole panel percent pesticides Philip Morris physicists Policy political pollution president President’s problem Protection published R. J. Reynolds Reagan regulation Revelle risk Robert Jastrow Santer scientists secondhand smoke Silent Spring SIO Archives skeptics Soviet stratosphere tion Tobacco Documents Library tobacco industry U.S. Government University Press Wall Street Journal WAN papers Washington White House William Nierenberg World York