INTRODUCTION.....

CONTENTS.

BOOK I.

THE NATURE AND FOUNDATIONS OF ELOQUENCE.

CHAP. I. Eloquence in the largest Acceptance defined, its more general Forms

exhibited, with their different Objects, Ends, and Characters

CHAP. II. Of Wit, Humour, and Ridicule

SECT. I. Of Wit...

SECT. II. Of Humour

.................

13

SECT. III. Of Ridicule..

CHAP. III. The Doctrine of the preceding Chapter defended

SECT. I. Aristotle's Account of the Ridiculous explained.

SECT. II. Hobbes's Account of Laughter examined

..............

............

..............

CHAP. IV. Of the Relation which Eloquence bears to Logic and to Grammar..

CHAP. V. Of the different Sources of Evidence, and the different Subjects to

which they are respectively adapted

SECT. I. Of Intuitive Evidence.....

Part I. Mathematical Axioms

Part II. Consciousness

Part III. Common Sense..

SECT. II. Of Deductive Evidence...

Part I. Division of the Subject into Scientific and Moral, with the principal

Distinctions between them

Part II. The Nature and Origin of Experience.

Part III. The Subdivisions of Moral Reasoning

1. Experience

2. Analogy

.........

3. Testimony ......

4. Calculations of Chances

Part IV. The Superiority of Scientific Evidence re-examined.........................

CHAP. VI. Of the Nature and Use of the scholastic Art of Syllogizing..

CHAP. VII. Of the Consideration which the Speaker ought to have of the Hear-

ers as Men in general....

SECT. I. As endowed with Understanding.

SECT. II. As endowed with Imagination.

............

SECT. III. As endowed with Memory

SECT. IV. As endowed with Passions

SECT. V. The Circumstances that are chiefly instrumental in operating on

the Passions

Part VI. Relation to the Persons concerned.......................................................... 111

Part VII. Interest in the Consequences.

ib.

SECT. VI. Other Passions, as well as Moral Sentiments, useful Auxiliaries... 112

SECT. VII. How an unfavourable Passion must be calmed....

115

CHAP. VIII. Of the Consideration which the Speaker ought to have of the Hear-

ers as such Men in particular

117

CHAP. IX. Of the Consideration which the Speaker ought to have of himself. 118

CHAP. X. The different Kinds of public Speaking in use among the Moderns,

compared with a View to their different Advantages in respect of Eloquence 121

SECT. I. In regard to the Speaker..

SECT. V. In regard to the End in view...

Page

130

134

CHAP. XI. Of the Cause of that Pleasure which we receive from Objects or

Representations that excite Pity and other painful Feelings

SECT. I. The different Solutions hitherto given by Philosophers, examined... 136

Part I. The first Hypothesis

ib.

Part II. The second Hypothesis

...............

SECT. II. The Author's Hypothesis on this Subject

Part III. The third Hypothesis................................................................................................

Part IV. The fourth Hypothesis..

BOOK II.

THE FOUNDATIONS AND ESSENTIAL PROPERTIES OF ELOCUTION.

CHAP. I. The Nature and Characters of the Use which gives Law to Language 162

SECT. I. Reputable Use

164

SECT. II. National Use..............................................

168

SECT. III. Present Use

170

CHAP. II. The Nature and Use of Verbal Criticism, with its principal Canons. 174

SECT. I. Good Use not always Uniform in her Decisions.

SECT. II. Everything favoured by good Use, not on that Account worthy to be

retained

CHAP. IV. Some grammatical Doubts in regard to English Construction stated

and examined..

227

CHAP. V. Of the Qualities of Style strictly Rhetorical.

Part III. From using the same Word in different Senses..

245

Part IV. From an uncertain Reference in Pronouns and Relatives.....

246

. Part V. Froin too Artificial a Structure of the Sentence

CHAP. VII. What is the Cause that Nonsense so often escapes being detected,

both by the Writer and by the Reader?

278

SECT. I. The Nature and Power of Signs, both in speaking and in thinking.. ib.

SECT. II. The Application of the preceding Principles

287

CHAP. VIII. The extensive Usefulness of Perspicuity....

Page

295

SECT. I. When is Obscurity apposite, if ever it be apposite, and what kind?. ib.

SECT. II. Objections answered ........

CHAP. IX. May there not be an Excess of Perspicuity?.........

BOOK III.

300

THE DISCRIMINATING PROPERTIES OF ELOCUTION.

CHAP I. Of Vivacity as depending on the Choice of Words..

SECT. I. Proper Terms........

SECT. II. Rhetorical Tropes ......

307

......... ib.

Part I. Preliminary Observations concerning Tropes......

Part II. The different Sorts of Tropes conducive to Vivacity

1. The Less for the more General .....

2. The most interesting Circumstance distinguished...

3. Things Sensible for things Intelligible..

4. Things Animate for things Lifeless

Part III. The Use of those Tropes which are obstructive to Vivacity

SECT. III. Words considered as Sounds...

...... 331

338

......... 351

Part I. What are articulate Sounds capable of imitating, and in what Degree? 339

Part II. In what Esteem ought this Kind of Imitation to be held, and when

ought it to be attempted?

CHAP. II. Of Vivacity as depending on the Number of the Words............ 353

SECT. I. This Quality explained and exemplified...

SECT. II. The principal Offences against Brevity considered ............... 358

Part I. Tautology.

ib.

Part II. Pleonasm............................................................................................................................ 360

Part III. Verbosity

..........

............ ib.

..... 363

CHAP. III. Of Vivacity as depending on the Arrangement of the Words...... 372

SECT. I. Of the Nature of Arrangement, and the principal Division of Senten-

ces...

ib.

SECT. II. Simple Sentences............................................. 374

SECT. III. Complex Sentences............

388

Part I. Subdivision of these into Periods and loose Sentences.

ib.

Part II. Observations on Periods, and on the Use of Antithesis in the Compo-

sition of Sentences.....

292

Part III. Observations on loose Sentences..

401

SECT. II. Of other Conuectives

Part IV. Review of what has been deduced above in regard to Arrangement 403

CHAP. IV. Of the Connectives employed in combining the Parts of a Sentence 404

SECT. I. Of Conjunctions

411

SECT. III. Modern Languages compared with Greek and Latin, particularly in

regard to the Composition of Sentences.

419

CHAP. V. Of the Connectives employed in combining the Sentences in a Dis-

SECT. I. The Necessity of Connectives for this Purpose

SECT. II. Observations on the Manner of using the Connectives in combining

Sentences...................

ib.

.......... 424