A.D. prevented from assembling by the military, ib.; policy of General Monk, 555;
perplexities of the committee of safety; ib.; the long parliament recalled, 556;
Monk arrives in London, ib.; is employed against the city, 557; declares in its
favour, ib.; the excluded members restored, ib.; proceedings in parliament,
558; Monk confers with Sir John Granville concerning the restoration of the
king, ib.; artful condition attached to the king's promises, 559; meeting of the
convention parliament, ib.; continued duplicity of Monk, ib.
1660. The restoration, 560
Reflections, 560; state of manners, 563; parliamentarians and cavaliers, ib.;
the revenue, 564; the army, ib.; commerce, ib. ; the arts, 565; literature, 565
-570.
1660. Addresses from the lords and commons to the king at Whitehall, 571; cha-
rater of the king, 572; the council, 575; bill of indemnity-punishment of
delinquents, 578; execution of the regicides. 579; proceedings against Colonel
Lambert and Sir Harry Vane, 582; adjustment of property, 583; settlement of
the revenue, 585; army disbanded, ib. ; ecclesiastical affairs; 586; policy of
the court, ib.; negotiations between the Presbyterians and the Bishops, 589;
debate in the commons-the king's declaration (July 9), ib.
1661. New parliament (May 8), 590; its proceedings, 591; corporation-act, ib.;
Venuer's conspiracy, 592
1662. Savoy conference (March 25), 593; proceedings in the houses of convocation
(May), 594; act of uniformity, 595; the act enforced, 596; conduct of the
nonconformist clergy considered, ib.; Independents and Quakers, 597; Eng-
lish Catholics, 598
1661. Change of the national sentiment in relation to the established church, 598; its
causes, 599; Charles meditates a suspension of the act of uniformity, 600
1663. King's declaration concerning his dispensing power, 600
1664. Enforcement of penal laws against Catholics (July 25), 602; the conventicle
act, ib.
1665. The five-mile act, 603
1660. Proceedings in Scotland, 604
1661. A parliament, 605; its proceedings-episcopacy restored, 606; prosecution and
death of Argyle and Guthrie, ib.; duplicity of Sharp-episcopacy restored,
1662. Affairs of Ireland, 609; growth of discontent, 610; necessities of the govern-
ment, ib.; effect of the vices of the court on the ultimate liberty of the nat'ou,
611; the king's marriage, ib.; scheme to make him independent of parliaments,
612; sale of Dunkirk, ib.
1663. The commons claim the right of inspecting the public expenditure, 613
1664. Call for war with the Dutch-large supplies voted, 614; change in the mode of
taxation, ib.; its effect on the political power of the clergy
1665 The commons establish their right to appropriate supplies and to inspect public
1666. accounts, 615; origin of the war with Holland, 616; defeat of the Dutch on the
3rd of June, 619; produces no decided effect, 620; immoral aspect of the war,
ib.; sea-fight of four days, 621; defeat of De Ruyter by Monk and Prince Ru-
pert, 622
1666- Mistaken policy of the English government, 623; the Dutch on the Thames
1667. and Medway, ib.; end of the war, 624; general discontent, ib.; the plague-
its course and extent, 625; its symptoms, 627; means employed to counteract
it, ib.; its effect on the conduct of the people, 628; fire of London, its origin,
631; its progress and extent, 632; distress and consternation of the people, 634;
A.D. conduct of the king and the court, 635; effect of the conclusion of the war on
the popular feeling, ib. ; unpopularity of Clarendon, ib.; death of Southampton,
636; fall of Clarendon unavoidable, ib.; abandoned by the king, 637; im-
peached by the commons, ib.; leaves the kingdom, 638; remainder of his days,
ib.; change of the national feeling, 639; Louis invades the Netherlands, 640;
secret treaty between Charles and Louis, 641
1668. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 642; the new ministry, 643; parliament-its into-
lerance, ib.; conduct of Buckingham, 646; great secret treaty between Charles
and Louis, 647-649
1669– Parliament, 650; impeachment of the Earl of Orrery, ib.; the judicial power of
1670. the lords restricted, ib.; sufferings of the nonconformists, 651; the " Cabal,"
653
1670. Parliament (October 24), 655; assault upon Sir John Coventry, ib.; the lords
not to alter a money-bill, 656: the exchequer closed, 658
1672. Attack on the Smyrna fleet, 658; declaration of indulgence, ib.; second Dutch
war, 659; naval proceedings, ib.; battle of Southwold Bay (May), 661; pro-
gress of the French army under Louis, 663
1673. Parliament (Feb. 4), ib.; the commons oppose the king's declaration of indul-
gence, 664; the king consents to cancel it, ib.; origin of the Test-Act, 665;
bill to relieve the nonconformists-its fate, 666; character and policy of the
country party, ib.; resignations produced by the Test-Act, 668; character and
administration of Danby, ib.; the war, 669; parliament opposed to the marriage
of the Duke of York, 669; the commons petition for a fast, 670; parliament
prorogued, 671; Shaftesbury's conduct as chancellor, 672; marriage of the
Duke of York, 673; the commons renew their address for a fast, 674
1674. Proceedings against Lauderdale, Buckingham, and Arlington, 674-675; effect
of these proceedings, 675; peace between England and Holland, 677; aspect
of the French war, ib.; Charles obtains pecuniary aid from Louis, ib.; projects
concerning the succession, 678
1675. Parliament-strength of the opposition in the commons, 680; address and de-
bate on the recall of the English troops in the service of France, 684; debate on
the non-resisting test, ib.; dispute between the lords and commons, 689
1676. New secret treaty between Charles and Louis, 690
1677. Long recess-shutting up the coffee-houses, 691; parliament-questions raised
as to its legality, ib.; bill for the security of the church, 692; the progress of
the war, 693; duplicity and perplexities of the king, 696
1678. Marriage between the Prince of Orange and the Princess Mary, 698; peace of
Nimeguen, 704; intrigues of Louis, 706; extended to the country party—cha-
racter of that proceeding, ib.; the popish plot, 708; Kirby's warning to the king,
ib.; Tonge's information, 709; the subject taken up by Danby, ib.; and laid be-
fore the council, 710; Titus Oates, ib.; his depositions, 711; Coleman's letters,
712; murder of Sir Edmundbury Godfrey, 713; conduct of the court, and of the
country party, in relation to the plot, 714; parliament (October 21), 715; the
Catholic Test Bill, 716; Bedloe comes forward as a witness, 717; Oates and
Bedloe accuse the queen, 718; dispute on the question of the militia, ib.
1679. Parliament dissolved-its history and character, 720; trial and execution of
Coleman and others, 721; new parliament, 722; dispute on the appointment of
a speaker, 723; impeachment and fall of Danby, 724; the plot, 725; the exclu-
sion bill, 728; the Habeas Corpus Act, 730
1662- Affairs of Scotland, 730; court of ecclesiastical commission, 732; military ty-
1679. ranny, ib.; insurrection—the insurgents defeated at Pentland—executions, ib.;
change in the policy of Lauderdale-his severities and extortions, 735; letters of
intercommuning (1679), 738; policy of the English court in relation to Scotland,
ib.; battle of Loudon-hill-insurrection, 741; affairs of Ireland, 742-745
1679. General state of affairs in England at the prorogation of parliament (in May),
746; Monmouth sent to quell the insurrection in Scotland, 747; his conference
with the covenanters, 748; battle of Bothwell Bridge, 749: conference between
the Scotch nobility and the government, 750; the plot-trial and execution of
the five jesuits, 751; Langhorn, ib.; Wakeman-change in the disposition of
the judges (July 18), 752; the triumvirate, 753; parliameut dissolved, ib.;
great excitement, 754; illness of the king, ib.; return of the Duke of York, 755:
disgrace of Monmouth, ib.; parliament prorogued for more than twelve months,
756; the Meal-tub plot, 757; Essex and Halifax leave the court, 758; new mi-
nistry, 759; Lawrence Hyde, ib.; meeting of the parliament deferred-and of
the council formed by Sir W. Temple, 760; origin of the petitioners and abhor-
rers, and of the names Whig and Tory, 761-763; story of the black box, 763;
Monmouth's progress-state of the government, 764
1680. The Duke of York presented as a recusant, 765; he leaves the kingdom, 766;
meeting of parliament, ib.; the commons resume the question of the succession,
767; their proceeding against the abhorrers, ib. ; the Exclusion Bill, 769; de-
bebate upon it in the lords-the bill is lost, 771; the commons refuse supplies,
ib.; trial and execution of Lord Stafford (Dec. 29), 773; king's speech to the
commons, ib.; reply of the house, 774; parliament prorogued and dissolved,
775
1681. New parliament summoned (Jan. 18), 776; petition of the sixteen peers, ib.;
proceedings in the city and in the court, 776, 777; case of Fitzharris, 777;
meeting of parliament at Oxford (March 21), 778; policy of the king-his speech,
ib.; proceedings in the commons, 779; debate on the Exclusion Bill, 780; par-
liament dissolved, 782; conduct of the king, ib.; reply of the exclusionists, 784;
addresses to the king, 786; trial of Fitzharris, 787; election of sheriffs, 788;
proceedings against College and Shaftesbury, 789; trial of College-acquitted
in Middlesex (July 8), 791; condemned and executed at Oxford, 792; noncon-
formists excluded from serving on juries, 793; trial of Shaftesbury-he is acquit-
ted, 794, 795; plan of seizing the city charters, 795; Charles renews his nego-
tiations with Louis, 796; persecution of the nonconformists, ib.; prosecution of
Argyle, 797
1682. Struggle on the election of the city sheriffs, 798; prosecution of Pilkington and
1683. Ward, 801'; election of a mayor by the influence of the court, 802; arrest of
Monmouth, ib.; changes at court, ib.; flight and death of Shaftesbury, 803;
seizure of the city charter, 804; Rye-house plot-parties engaged in it, 806;
its object discovered, ib.; arrests, 807; arrest of Lord Russell, ib.; trial of Wal-
cot, Rouse, and Hone, 809; death of Lord Essex, ib.; trial of Lord Russell, ib.;
he is condemned, 813; his execution (July 21), 814; the Oxford decree, 815;
trial of Algernon Sidney, 817-822; his execution, 823
1684. Other trials, 823-826; correspondence between Charles and Monmouth, 826;
foreign affairs, 827
1685. Illness and death of Charles, 827
1685. King's declaration, 829; its effect, ib.; revenue collected without consent of par-
liament, 830; the cabinet, ib.; a parliament summoned, ib.; the king obtains
pecuniary aid from Louis, 831; spirit in which it was received-policy of Louis,
ib.; foreign relations-Spain, Portugal, 832; designs of the king, 833; penal
laws concerning religion partially suspended, ib.; meeting of the Scottish parlia-
ment (April 23), 834; the king's letter, ib.; tyranny and cruelty of proceedings
in Scotland, 835; origin of the insurrection under Argyle, 836; meeting of the
English parliament (May 19), 837; the king's speech, 838; spirit and proceed-
ings of the two houses, ib.; jealousy still concerning the safety of the church,
839; character of the party in ascendancy, 840; fate of the expedition under
Argyle, 841; the earl made prisoner and executed, 842; landing of Monmouth,
844; his progress, 845-849; battle of Sedgemoor (July 5), 849; Monmouth
and Grey made prisoners, 851; Monmouth's execution, 853; his character, 854;
military executions by Faversham and Kirke, 854-856; commission of the
judges, 856; trial of Mrs. Lisle, ib.; proceedings of Jefferies and the commis->
sion, 860; terror diffused by them, 861; these severities approved and encou-
raged by the king, ib. ; trial of Cornish-his death-perjury of Rumsey, 863;
trial of Mrs. Gaunt, 864; her execution, 865; case of Mr. Hampden, ib.;
punishment by fines, 866; effect of the king's successes on his policy-Halifax
dismissed, 868; meeting of parliament (Nov. 9), 869; declaration of the king
on the test-laws, ib.; debate concerning the standing army, 870; the commons
petition for the enforcement of the tests, 870, 871; debate concerning a supply,
871; the king's reply concerning the test-laws, ib.; animated discussion in the
lords, 872; parliament prorogued, 873; Countess of Dorchester, 874
1686. James obtains the opinion of the judges on the dispensing power (Jan. 21), 875;
court of high commission instituted, 876; controversial preaching forbid, ib.;
prosecution of the Bishop of London, 877; attempts to make converts to the
Catholic faith, ib.
1687. Affairs of Scotland and Ireland, 880; attacks on the church and the Universi
ties, 881; resistance at the Charter-house, ib.; resistance at Cambridge, 883;
case of Magdalen College, Oxford, ib.; the court, 885; revocation of the edict
of Nantes, 886; declaration for liberty of conscience, 888; disappointment of
the king-his appeal to the nonconformists, 889; their conduct, ib.; more de-
cisive measures of the king, 890; seizure of charters-punishment of the non-
compliants, 891; difficulties and determination of the king, 892; progress of
affairs towards a crisis, 893; declaration of indulgence, 894; clergy required
to read it from the pulpit, 895; petition of the bishops, ib.; the clergy in ge-
neral refuse to read the declaration, 897; the bishops prosecuted and sent to the
Tower, 898; bishops enlarged on their own recognisance, 900; their trial, 901;
defence, ib.; reply, 904; opinion of the judges, ib.; the bishops acquitted, 905;
birth of the Prince of Wales-conversion of Sunderland, 906; doubts concern-
ing the birth of the Prince of Wales, ib.; attempt to gain the Dissenters, 907;
appearances of disaffection in the army and navy, ib.; Prince of Orange-his
connexion with English affairs, 908; league of Augsburg, 910; mission of
Dykvelt, 911; invitation to William, 912; he puts to sea, and lands at Torbay,
913; conciliatory measures of the king, 914; the prince's declaration, ib.;
feeling in his favour, 915; desperate state of the king's affairs, 916; flight of
the queen-terms offered by the prince, ib.; flight of the king-his detention at
Feversham, ib.; consequences of that event, 917; the king escapes to France,
ib.; the convention parliament, 918; elevation of William and Mary to the
throne, 919; character of the revolution of 1688, ib.
Accession of James I. the result of popular feeling-It is anticipated with some apprehension by all parties-Catholics-the Prelates-Puritans-Correspondence of James with persons in the court of Elizabeth-He is proclaimed Elizabeth's successor-Progress from Edinburgh to London-Council formed-Proclamation against certain abuses-Distribution of honours-Arrival of ambassadors-State of Europe-Peace concluded with Spain-State of Protestantism in EuropeEffect of the political and ecclesiastical state of Europe on the spirit and conduct of the Stuart princes.
Accession of
James I. the
result of popu
JAMES VI. of Scotland, afterwards James I. of England, was the son of Henry Lord Darnley and of Mary queen of Scots. His claim to the sceptre of England was founded on the mar riage of James IV. of Scotland with Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII. The accession, however, of the lar feeling. first Stuart sovereign to the English throne was the result of circumstances more than of any strictly just pretension. The branch of the Tudor line on which the crown was settled by authority of parliament existed then, as it now does, in the house of Suffolk, but was passed over, partly from a preference on the part of the English queen, and still more from that of her subjects in favour of the Scottish king *.
The claim of the house of Suffolk rested on the following propositions:-1st. That Henry VIII., as king of England, with the advice and consent of parliament, might make statutes to limit the inheritance of the crown. 2dly. That a statute of the 35th year of that monarch empowered him to dispose of the succession by his last will, signed with his own hand. 3dly. That Henry executed such a will, by which, in default of issue from his children, the crown was entailed upon the issue of his younger sister, Mary duchess of Suffolk, before those of Margaret queen of Scots. 4thly. That such descendants of Mary were living at the decease of Elizabeth. The two first and the last of these propositions are indisputable. With respect to the third, a question was raised by the ministers of the Scottish queen, who insisted that the king being in the article of death did not sign the will with his own hand, as was required by the statute, but that some one put a stamp for him to the document. But the will itself, now to be seen in the Chapter House of Westminster, shows the falsehood of this allegation, as the two signatures attached to it are in writing, and in the opinion of some of the most competent judges are not feigned, but merely illegible in parts from being " drawn by a weak and trembling hand." There were descendants of Mary duchess of Suffolk, by her daughter Frances the second duchess of Suffolk, and by her younger daughter Eleanor countess of Cum
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