Some other sinews there are, from which that overplus of strength in persuasion doth arise. Hooker. The torrent roared, and we did buffet it With lusty sinews. Shakspeare. Julius Cæsar. Ask the lady Bona for thy queen ; So shalt thou sinew both these lands together. Id. Henry VI. He will the rather do it, when he sees Ourselves well sinewed to our defence. Worthy fellows, and like to prove Most sinewy swordsmen. Id. King John. Cowley. Milton. Id. Id. Shakspeare. The feeling power, which is life's root, Through every living part itself doth shed By sinews, which extend from head to foot; And, like a net, all o'er the body spread. Davies. The sinewy thread my brain lets fall Through every part, Can tie those parts, and make me one of all. Donne. The northern people are large, fair-complexioned, strong, sinewy, and courageous. Hale's Origin of Mankind. The rooted fibres rose, and from the wound Black bloody drops distilled upon the ground: Mute and amazed, my hair with terror stood; Fear shrunk my sinews, and congealed my blood. Dryden. In the principal figures of a picture the painter is to employ the sinews of his art; for in them consists the principal beauties of his work. Id. Dufresnoy. Strong sinewed was the youth and big of bone. Dryden. A sinew cracked seldom recovers its former strength. Locke. Such discouraging of men in the ways of an active conformity to the church's rules, cracks the sinews of government; for it weakens and damps the spirits of the obedient. Fainting, as he reached the shore, He dropt his sinewy arms: his knees no more Performed their office. South. Pope's Odyssey. SING, v.n. & v. a. Preterite I sang, or SING'ER, n. s. sung; participle pass. SINGINGMASTER. sung. Sax. ringan; Isl. singia; Belg. singhen. To form the voice to melody; articulate musically; utter sweet sounds; tell in poetry; celebrate: the noun substantives corresponding. Then sang Moses and Israel this song unto the Lord. Exod. xv. Then shall the trees of the wood sing out at the presence of the Lord. 1 Chron. xvi. 33. Job. The morning stars sang together. They that wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. Psalm cxxxvii. 3. The time of the singing of birds is come. Cant. ii. 12. I gat me men singers and women singers and the delights of the sons of men. Eccl. ii. 8. Incles, caddisses, cambricks, lawns, why he sings them over as they were gods and goddesses. How could we to his godhead sing Forced hallelujahs? Join voices, all ye birds, That singing up to heaven's gate ascend. Thee next they sang, of all creation first. The birds know how to chuse their fare; To peck this fruit they all forbear: Those cheerful singers know not why They should make any haste to die. Some in heroick verse divinely sing. Their airy limbs in sports they exercise, And parrots, imitating human tongue, And singing birds in silver cages hung. Arms and the man I sing. Had ne'er a lighter heart than she. SINGEI, an ancient nation on the borders of Thrace and Macedonia. SIN-GAN, a city of China of the first rank, in Chen-si, the largest and finest in the empire, except Peking. It is built on a great plain, and is the residence of the governors of Chan-si and Setchuen. It comprehends six cities of the second rank, and thirty-one of the third. It was anciently the seat of the emperors, and is still very populous. The walls are twelve miles in circuit, nearly square, fortified with towers, and surrounded with a deep ditch. The gates are high and magnificent. It has a great trade, and lies 510 miles south-west of Pekin. SINGARA, a city and river of the ancient Shinar, north of Mesopotamia. The city is now called Sinjiar. I singed the toes of an ape through a burning glass, and he never would endure it after. L'Estrange. SINGERS, in the temple of Jerusalem, were a number of Levites employed in singing the praises of God, and playing upon instruments before his altar. They had no habits distinct from the rest of the people; yet, in the ceremony of removing the ark to Solomon's temple, the chanters appeared dressed in tunics of byssus or fine linen. 2 Chron. v. 12. SINGHEA, a town of Bahar, district of Hajypoor, on the east side of the Gunduck, near to which is the site of an ancient city, where a remarkable pillar stands: two days' journey further up the Gunduck, near a place called Kesserah, a remarkable edifice, which appears to have been originally a cylinder placed on the frustrum of a cone, for the purpose of being seen at a distance. The cone and cylinder are of brick, and appear solid throughout. The following are the dimensions: Diameter of the cylindrical part Height of the conic frustrum on which Feet. 64 65 93 336 1 ori Diameter of the cone at the base For what purpose these columns were ginally intended it seems impossible to tell. SINGING, the action of making divers inflections of the voice agreeable to the ear, and correspondent to the notes of a song or piece of melody. See MELODY. The first thing to be done in learning to sing is to raise a scale of notes by tones and semitones to an octave, and descend by the same notes; and then to rise and fall by greater intervals, as a third, fourth, fifth, &c., and to do all this by notes of different pitch. Then these notes are represented by lines and spaces, to which the syllable fa, sol, la, mi, are applied, and the pupil taught to name each line and space thereby; whence this practice is called sol-faing, the nature, reason, effects, &c., whereof, see under SOLFAING. SINGING, PROCESSIONAL. About the year 386, during the persecution of the orthodox Christians by the empress Justina, mother to the then young emperor Valentinian II., ecclesiastical music was introduced in favor of the Arians. At this time,' says St. Augustine, it was first ordered that hymns and psalms should be sung after the manner of eastern nations, that the people might not languish and pine away with a tedious sorrow, and from that time to the present it is retained at Milan, and imitated by almost all the other congregations of the world.' Music is said by some of the fathers to have drawn the Gentiles frequently into the church, who liked its ceremonies so well that they were baptised before their departure. About this time, we find by Socrates the historian (1. vi. c. 8), that the heretics used to sing hymns, marching through the streets of Constantinople in procession, with which the vulgar were so much captivated that the orthodox, under the direc tion of St. Chrysostom, thought it necessary to follow the example which had been set them by their greatest enemies. Processional singing had been long practised by the Pagans, but no mention is made of it among Christians before this period. That SINGING BY THE PRIMITIVE CHRISTIANS. With respect to the music that was first used by the Christians, as no specimens remain, it is difficult to determine of what kind it was. some part of the sacred music of the apostles and their immediate successors, in Palestine and the adjacent countries, may have been such as was used by the Hebrews, is probable; but it is no less probable that the music of the hymns which were first received in the church, wherever Paganism had prevailed, resembled that which had been many ages used in the heathen temple worship. Of this the versification of those hymns affords an indisputable proof; and examples may be found in all the breviaries, missals, and antiphonaries, ancient and modern, o^ every species of versification which has been practised by the Greek and Roman poets, particularly the lyric. Hilary, bishop of Poictiers, and St. Ambrose, are said to have been the first that composed hymns to be sung in the western churches. Both these fathers flourished about the middle of the fourth century; but Prudentius, a Christian poet, contemporary with Theodosius, who died in 395, was author of most of the hymns in the Roman breviary. The ancient hymn, Te Deum laudamus,' still retained in the church, appears to have furnished the poet Dante with a model of the twenty-eighth canto of his Paradiso, where, under three different hierarchies, consisting each of three choirs or choruses, the heavenly host of cherubim and seraphim are singing perpetual hosannahs. Milton has assigned them the same employment: No voice exempt, no voice but well could join Parad. Lost, book iii. SINGING OF BIRDS. It is worthy of observation that the female of no species of birds ever sings; with birds it is the reverse of what occurs in human kind. Among the feathered tribe, all the cares of life fall to the lot of the tender sex; theirs is the fatigue of incubation; and the principal share of nursing the helpless brood; to alleviate these fatigues, and to support her under them, nature has given to the male the song, with all the little blandishments and soothing arts; these he fondly exerts, even after courtship, on some spray contiguous to the nest, during the time his mate is performing her parental duties. But that she should be silent is also another wise provision of nature; for her song would discover her nest; as would also a gaudiness of plumage, which, for the same reason, seems to have been denied her. On the song of birds several curious experiments and observations have been made by the Hon. Daines Barrington. See Philosophical Transactions, vol. lxiii., and SONG. SIN'GLE, adj. & v.a.) SIN'GLENESS, n. s. SINGLY, adv. SIN'GULAR, adj. SINGULAR'ITY, N. S. SING'ULARLY, adv. Lat. singulus, singularis. One; sole; particular; individual; pure; simple; unmarried; alone: to single is to take alone or separately; choose out from others: the noun substantive and adverb correspond with single adjective: singular is particular; uncommon; alone; expressing singleness: the adverb and noun substantive corresponding. The light of the body is the eye: if thine eye be single thy whole body shall be full of light. Matt. vi. 22. Hardly they herd, which by good hunters singled Sidney. are. dark. Bacon. They were of their own nature circumspect and slow, discountenanced and discontent; and those the earl singled as fittest for his purpose. Hayward. If the injured person be not righted, every one of them is wholly guilty of the injustice, and therefore bound to restitution singly and entirely. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy. So singular a sadness Must have a cause as strange as the effect. Denham's Sophy. His wisdom such, Three kingdoms wonder, and three kingdoms fear, Whilst single he stood forth. Denham. Servant of God, well hast thou fought The better fight, who single hast maintained Against revolted multitudes the cause of truth. Dost thou already single me? I thought Gyves and the mill had tamed thee. His zeal Milton. Milton's Agonistes. Milton. None seconded as singular and rash. Catholicism, which is here attributed unto the church, must be understood in opposition to the legal singularity of the Jewish nation. Pearson. If St. Paul's speaking of himself in the first person singular has so various meanings, his use of the Locke. first person plural has a greater latitude. The words are clear and easy, and their originals are of single signification without any ambiguity. South. Singularity in sin puts it out of fashion, since to be alone in any practice seems to make the judgment of the world against it; but the concurrence of others is a tacit approbation of that in which they concur. Id. Solitude and singularity can neither daunt nor disgrace him, unless we could suppose it a disgrace. to be singularly good. High Alba, A lonely desart, and an empty land, Id. Addison on Italy. These busts of the emperors and empresses are all very scarce, and some of them almost singular in their kind. Addison. I took notice of this little figure for the singularity of the instrument: it is not unlike a violin. Id. On Italy. Single the lowliest of the am'rous youth; Ask for his vows, but hope not for his truth. Prior. As no single man is born with a right of controuling the opinions of all the rest, so the world has no title to demand the whole time of any particular Pope. person. Belinda Burns to encounter two advent'rous knights, At ombre singly to decide their doom. Id. As simple ideas are opposed to complex, and single ideas to compound, so propositions are distinguished: the English tongue has some advantage above the learned languages, which have no usual word to distinguish single from simple. Watts. Men must be obliged to go through their business Law. with singleness of heart. Doubtless, if you are innocent, your case is extremely hard, yet it is not singular. Female Quixote. SINGROWLA, a district and rajah's territory in the province of Gundwana, situated about 24° N. lat., and bounded on the east by the district of Palamow in Bahar. The rajah's territory begins on the north-west, at a narrow defile on the Bickery Hills, called Bulghaut. In this district, between the hills, are extensive uncultivated valleys, frequently covered with forests. A few small villages are scattered over the face of the country, in the vicinity of which some cultivation is seen-but the land generally is very desolate. Iron is found in abundance. -Blunt, &c. SINGUMNERE, a district belonging to the Mahratta peshwa, in Aurungabad, situated about 20° N. lat., and estimated to yield a revenue of ten lacks of rupees per annum. It is hilly, but fertile. The chief towns are Singumnere, Battowal, and Bejapoor. SIN'ISTER, adj. Fr. sinistre; Lat. siSIN'ISTROUS, nister. Being on the SINISTROUSLY, adv. left hand; left; not right; not dexter; not auspicious. It seems to be used with the accent on the second syllable, at least in the primitive, and on the first in the figurative sense. The other adjective is a synonyme, and the abverb corresponds. The duke of Clarence was soon after by sinister means made clean away. Spenser on Ireland. Is it so strange a matter to find a good thing furthered by ill men of a sinister intent and purpose, whose forwardness is not therefore a bridle to such as favour the same cause with a better and sincere meaning? Hooker. Runs on the dexter cheek, and this sinister Bounds in my sire's. Shakspeare. Troilus and Cressida. He professes to have received no sinister measure from his judge, but most willingly humbles himself to the determination of justice. Id. Measure for Measure. Those may be accounted the left hands of courts; persons that are full of nimble and șinister tricks and shifts, whereby they pervert the plain courses of courts, and bring justice into oblique lines and labyrinths. Bacon's Essays. Tempt it again; that is thy act, or none: What all the several ills that visit earth, Brought forth by night with a sinister birth, Plagues, famine, fire, could not reach unto, The swords, nor surfeits, let thy fury do. the Romans used it in an opposite sense. Thus avis sinistra, or a bird on the left hand, was esteemed a happy omen: whence, in the law of the twelve tables, Ave sinistra populi magister esto. SINISTER, in heraldry. The sinister side of an escutcheon is the left hand side; the sinister chief, the left angle of the chief; the sinister base, the left hand part of the base. SINISTER ASPECT, among astrologers, is an appearance of two planets happening according to the succession of the signs; as Saturn in Aries, and Mars in the same degree of Gemini. SINISTRI, a sect of ancient heretics, thus called because they held the left hand in abhorrence, and made it a point of religion not to receive any thing therewith. SINK, v. n., v. a. & n. s. Pret. I sunk, anciently sank; part. sunk or sunken. Sax. rencan; Belg. senken; mod. Germ. sigguan. To fall down through any medium; to go to the bottom: hence to fall gradually; lose height or prominence; tend to ruin: as a verb active to put under water; depress; degrade; make to fall; depress; suppress: a sink is a drain; any place where offal or corruption is gathered. Philistine, that the stone sunk into his forehead. David took a stone and slang it, and smote the 1 Sam. xvii. 49. The arrow went out at his heart, and he sunk down in his chariot. 2 Kings ix. 24. Let these sayings sink down into your ears. Luke ix. 44. A small fleet of English made an hostile invasion or incursion upon their havens and roads, and fired, sunk, and carried away ten thousand ton of their great shipping. Bacon. Bad humours gather to a bile; or, as divers kennels flow to one sink, so in short time their numbers increased. Hayward. Mad after change, and desperate in their states, Our soul, whose country's heav'n, and God her father, Into this world, corruption's sink, is sent; That she returns home wiser than she went. Donne. Milton's Paradise Lost. delphia, abounding with stones, lead ore, &c. It is named from several of the largest streams in it sinking, and, after a subterraneous passage of several miles, rising again. Of these, the principal is called the Arch Spring, which is thirty feet broad, and has a natural arch of stone over it. SIN-NOO, or SIN-NUM, in the history of China, the second emperor of the Chinese, between whom and Fo-hi, the first emperor, there is an interval, or chronological chasm, of 18,000 years! Yet Voltaire and other modern philosophers, who question the truth of the Scripture history, give full credit to these fables, and appeal to them as proofs that our world is much older than the Mosaic history makes it. Fo-hi, according to the Chinese, having founded their empire 21,000 years before the Christian era, Sin-Noo, if a real character, must have lived 3000 years before that period. By F. Du Halde he is called Chin-Nong, and ranked the next monarch after Fo-hi. He is said to have taught mankind agriculture and other useful arts. He was succeeded by his son Hoam, or, as Du Halde calls him, Hoang Ti. From all these circumstances the learned Bryant concludes that SinNoo is the same with Noah, and Hoam the same with Ham. And, in farther proof of this, he tions Syn-Mu as the founder of their monarchy. the ancient history of Japan, which menquotes SINON, in ancient history, a son of Sisyphus, who accompanied the Greeks to the Trojan war, where he distinguished himself more by his frauds and villanies than by his merits. By such means, however, the Greeks became victors, after their ten years' siege of Troy. The Greeks having completed their famous wooden horse, as a sacred present to the gods of Troy, Sinon fled to the Trojans, with his hands bound behind his back, pretending to have just escaped from being sacrificed by them; assured Priam that they had just sailed for Asia, and advised him to admit their farewell present of the wooden horse. Priam, giving him full credit, admitted the horse, and at night Sinon completed his perfidy, by opening that machine and letting out the armed Greeks, who admitted their fellow soldiers, massacred the people, and burnt the city. See TROY. Famous as the Trojan war has been, chiefly through the merit of Homer's poem on it, the capture and destruction of that unfortunate city, by such complicated treachery and hypocrisy, redound nothing to the honor of the Grecian heroes. SL NON OMNES, in English law, a writ on association of justices, by which, if all in commission cannot meet at the day assigned, it is allowed that two or more of them may finish the business. Reg. Orig. 202: F. N. B. 185. And, after the writ of association, it is usual to make out a writ of si non omnes, directed to the first justices, and also to those who are so associated with them; which reciting the purport of the two former commissions, commands the justices that, if all of them cannot conveniently be present, such a number of them may proceed, &c. F. N. B. 111. SINOPE, in fabulous history, a daughter of the river god Asopus, who was beloved by Apollo, who carried her off to the coast of |