EDWARD V. APRIL 9TH TO JUNE 26TH, 1483 OFFICIALS Archbishop.-Thomas Bourchier. Chancellor.-John Russell, Bishop of Lincoln. Richard, Duke of Gloucester, Protector of the kingdom, May 14th, 1483. Married Anne Neville, Co-heiress of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick. DOMINIONS England, Ireland, and Calais. WARS After an abortive insurrection by the Duke of Buckingham, the Earl of Richmond was brought over by a combination of Yorkists and Lancastrians. At Bosworth, on August 22nd, 1485, Richard was betrayed by Lord Stanley and the Earl of Northumberland, and defeated and killed in consequence by the troops of Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, and Sir William Stanley. As the leader of the House of York, the Lancastrians were of course hostile to him, as the supplanter and probable murderer of the children of Edward IV.; the Yorkist party was not warmly in favour of him; and as a resolute king and strong ruler the French feared him and the nobility distrusted him. The latter hoped by a coalition to set up a king who should be in their hands. This calculation the statesmanship of Henry VII., using the means which the state of popular feeling and European policy afforded him, completely foiled. OFFICIALS Archbishop.-Thomas Bourchier, 1483-1485. Chancellor.-John Russell, Bishop of Lincoln, 1483-1485. Thomas Barowe, Keeper, 1485; Henry Stafford, Duke of GENEALOGY TO ILLUSTRATE THE UNION OF SPAIN, BURGUNDY, AND AUSTRIA Maximilian I. = Mary, Archduke of Austria, the Emperor. 1. Isabella (1) Alonso, Carlos. 0.8.p. Philip III. Isabella Albert. The "Archdukes," rulers of the Netherlands. Buckingham, Lord High Constable; John Lord Howard, Duke of Norfolk, and Earl Marshall; Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, Warden of the Scottish Marches, and Great Chamberlain of England; Thomas Lord Stanley, Lord High Constable, December, 1483. ACTS AND DOCUMENTS In 1484 by 1 Richard III. c. 2, benevolences were abolished. According to Sir Thomas More Richard himself levied them afterwards, and they were commonly levied under Henry VII. Printed in the Statutes. The Statutes of Richard III. were the first in the English language, and the first printed. AUTHORS As above; but in addition Gairdner, Life of Richard III., is most excellent. The Lives of Edward V. and Richard III., by Sir Thomas More, are accessible in the English version, and though certainly a partisan view, are written with much. first-hand information, available very shortly after the events recorded. HENRY VII. 1485-1509 Married Elizabeth of York. DOMINIONS England, Ireland, and Calais. Henry succeeded as the nominee of the coalition of Yorkists and Lancastrians which had won Bosworth, on condition of marrying the eldest daughter of Edward IV. Descended from the illegitimate line of Lancaster, the Beauforts, he had no claim by birth to the throne, and the birth of his wife had been declared to be illegitimate by Parliament under Richard III., on the ground of Edward's pre-contract with Lady Eleanor Butler, before marrying Elizabeth Woodville. The |