Diastole makes a short syllable long, as the last syllable of amor in the following verse: Consi- | dant, si- | tantus a- | mōr, et | mœnia | condant. Virg. § 167. STANZA. When a poem A poem may consist of one or more kinds of verse. consists of one kind of verse it is called monocolon; of two,dicolon; of three, tricolon. The different kinds of verse in a poem are usually combined in regular portions called stanzas, or strophes, each of which contains the same number of lines, the same kinds of verse, and these ar ranged in the same order. When a stanza or strophe consists of two lines, the poem is called distrophon, of three lines tristrophon, of four tetrastrophon. Hence poems, according to the number of kinds of verse they contain, and the number of lines in the stanza are characterized as follows; Monocolon, one kind of verse in the poem. Dicolon distrophon, two kin is of verse, and two lines in the stanza. Dicolon tristrophon, two kinds of verse, three lines in the stanza. Dicolon tetrastrophon, two kinds of verse, four lines in the stanza. Tricolon tristrophon, three kinds of verse, three lines in the stanza. Tricolon tetrastrophon, three kinds of verse, four lines in the stanza. § 168. COMBINATIONS OF METRES IN HORACE. Horace makes use of nineteen different species of metre combined in eighteen different ways. They are arranged as follows; according to the order of preference given them by the poet. The references here, where not marked, are to § 164. No. 1. Two lines Greater Alcaic. § 165. 1. One Archolichian dimeter hypermeter, I. 2. 5. 3d; and one Lesser Alcaic. § 165. 2. No. 2. Three lines Sapphic, II. 2. IV. 7. One Adonic or Dactylic dim. No. 3. One line Choriambic trim. or Glyconic, V. 4. One choriambic tetram. or Asclepiadic V. 3. No. 4. One line Iambic trim. or Senarian, I. 3. 5. 1st. One Iambic dim. I. 2. 3. No. 5. Three lines, Chor. tetram. or Asclepiadic, V. 3. One Chor. trim. or Glyconic, V. 4. No. 6. Two lines Chor. tetram, or Asclepiadic, V. 3. One Chor. trim. Cat., or Phereeratic, V. 5. One Chor. trim or Glyconic. V. 4. No. 7. Choriambic tetrameter, or Asclepiadic alone, V. 3. No. 8. One line Dactylic Hexameter, IV. I. One Dactylic tetram. a posteriore, IV. 4. 2d. No. 9. Choriambic Pentameter only, V. 1. No. 10. One line Dactylic Hexameter, IV. 1. One Iambic dim. 1. 2. 3. No. 11. Iambic trimeter Senarian only, I. 2. 5. 1st. No. 12. One line Choriambic dim. V. 6. One Chor. tetram. (altered,) V. 2. No. 13. One line Dactylic Hexameter, IV. 1. One Iambic trim. sen. I. 3. 5. 1st. No. 14. One line Dactylic Hexameter, IV. 1. One Archilochian Dactylic trimeter Catalectic, IV. 6. No. 15. One line Dactylic Hexameter, IV. 1. One Iambico Dactylic, § 165. 5. No. 16. One line Iambic trim. Senarian, I. 3. 5. 1st. One Dactylic Iambic. 165, 4. No. 17. One line Archilochian Heptameter, § 165. 3. One Archilochian Iambic trimeter, Catalectic, I. 2. 5, 2d. No. 18. One line Iambic dimiter Acephalous, I. 5. 9th. and one Iambic trimeter Catalectic, I. 5. 2d. No. 19. Ionic a minore only, VI, 2. The first line contains three feet, the second four. Note. The Satires and Epistles are in Dactylic Hexameter, IV. 1. § 169. METRICAL KEY TO ODES OF HORACE. Containing in alphabetic order the the first words of each, with a reference to the Nos. in the preceding section where the stanza is described, and reference made to the place where each metre is explained APPENDIX. 66 I. ROMAN COMPUTATION OF TIME. 1. Divisions of the Year. Romulus is said to have divided the year into ten months, as follows: 1. Martius, from Mars, his supposed father; 2. Aprilis, from Aperio, to open;" 3. Maius, from Maia, the mother of Mercury; 4. Junius, from the goddess Juno. The rest were named from their number, as follows: 5. Quintilis, afterwards Julius, from Julius Cæsar; 6. Sextilis, afterwards Augustus, from Augustus Cæsar; 7. September; 8. October; 9. November; and 10. December. Numa afterwards added two months; viz: 11. Januarius, from the god Janus; 12. Februarius, from februo, "to purify." As the months were regulated by the course of the moon, it was soon found that the months and seasons did not always correspond, and various expedients were adopted to correct this error. Much confusion however still remained till about A. U. 707, when Julius Cæsar, assisted by Sosigenes, an astronomer of Alexandria, reformed the Calendar, adjusted the year according to the course of the sun, and assigned to each of the twelve months the number of days which they still contain. 2. The Roman Month. The Romans divided their month into three parts, called Kalends, Nones, and Ides*. The first day of every month was called the Kalends; the fifth was called the Nones; and the thirteenth was called the Ides; except in March, May, July and October, when the Nones fell on the seventh and the Ides on the fifteenth, and the day was numbered according to its distance, (not after but) before each of these points; that is, after the Kalends they numbered the day according to its distance before the Nones; after the Nones, according to its distance before the Ides; and after the Ides, according to its distance before the Kalends-both days being always included. The day before each of these points was never numbered, but called Pridie, or ante diem Nonorum, or Iduum, or Kalendarum, as the case might be; the day before that was called tertio, the day before that, quarto, &c.; Scil. Nonorum, Iduum, Kalendarum. Various expressions and constructions were used by the Romans in the notation of the days of the month. Thus, for example, the 29th December or the 4th of the Kalends of January, was expressed differently, as follows: * The first day was named Kalends, from the Greek, xaλέw, to call, because when the month was regulated acccording to the course of the moon, the priest announced the new inoon, which was of course the first day of the month. The Nones were so called because that day was always the ninth from the Ides. The term Ides is derived from an obsolete Latin verb iduare, to divide, it is supposed because that day being about the middle of the month divided it into two nearly equal parts. 20 IV. Kal. Jan., or IV. Kal. Jan., or 1st Quarto Kalendarum Januarii. Abbreviated, IV. Kal. Jan., or Quarto Kalen las Januarii. 3. Quarto Kalen las Januarias. 4th. Ante diem quartum Kal. Jan. a. d. IV. K. Jan. In these expressions quarto agrees with die understood, and die governs Kalendarum in the genitive. Kalendas is governed by ante understood. In the first and second expression Januarii is considered as a noun governed by Kalendarum and Kalendas; in the third Januarias is regarded as an adjective agreeing with Kalendas; in the fourth, ante diem quartum is a technical phrase for die quarto ante, and frequently has a preposition before it; as, in ante diem, &c., or ex ante diem, &c. The notation of Nones and Ides was expressed in the same way and with the same variety of expression. The correspondence of the Roman notation of time with our own may be seen by inspection of the following |