The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

Justina, the popular story of her marriage with the emperor Valentinian
examined, ii. 591. Her infant son Valentinian II. invested with the
Imperial ensigns, on the death of his father, 592. Her contest with Am-
brose, archbishop of Milan, iii. 70. Flies from the invasion of Maximus,
with her son, 103.
Justinian, emperor of the East, his birth and promotion, iv. 41. His
orthodoxy, 44. Is invested with the diadem by his uncle Justin, 45.
Marries Theodora, 52. Patronizes the blue faction of the circus, 58.
State of agriculture and manufacture in his provinces, 64. Introduces
the culture of the silk-worm, and manufacture of silk into Greece, 71.
State of his revenue, 73, note M. His avarice and profusion, 75. Taxes
and monopolies, 77, 78. His ministers, 80. His public buildings, 83.
Founds the church of St. Sophia at Constantinople, 85. His other pub-
lic works, 89. His European fortifications, 91. His Asiatic fortications,
97. He suppresses the schools of Athens, 104. And the consular dig-
nity, 110. Purchases a peace from the Persians, 113. Undertakes to
restore Hilderic, king of Carthage, 115. Reduction of Africa, 124, 127,
133. His instructions for the government of, 134. His acquisitions in
Spain, 145. His deceitful negotiations in Italy, 150. Weakness of his
empire, 190. Receives an embassy from the Avars, 205. And from the
Turks, 206. Persian war, 222. His negotiations with Chosroes, 237.
His alliance with the Abyssinians, 241. Neglects the Italian war under
Belisarius, 254. Settles the government of Italy under the exarch of
Ravenna, 279. Disgrace and death of Belisarius, 284. The emperor's
death and character, 287. Comets and calamities in his reign, 289, note
M. His Code, Pandects, and Institutes, 299. His theological character
and government, 527. His persecuting spirit, 528. His orthodoxy, 531.
Died a heretic, 534.

- II., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 576.

the son of Germanus, his conspiracy with the empress Sophia,
and success against the Persians, iv. 403.

Jus Italicum, Savigny quoted respecting the, ii. 105, note M.

Juvenal, his remarks on the crowded state of the inhabitants of Rome,
iii. 265, 266.

Kaoti or Lieoupang, emperor of China, defeated by the Huns, iii. 18.
Karasoo River, historical anecdotes relative to it, iv. 463, note M.
Khan, import of this title in the northern parts of Asia, iii. 11, 214.
Khazars or Chozars, their invasion of Georgia, and alliance with Heraclius,
iv. 477, note M.

Khoosroo Purveez, his reign and magnificence, iv. 458, 461. His palace of
Dastagerd, 462, 463, note M. His contempt of Mahomet, 463, note M.
See Chosroes.

Kilidje Arslan, sultan, destroys the advanced army of the first crusade
near Nice in Asia Minor, v. 575, 576, note M.

King, the title of, conferred by Constantine the Great on his nephew Han-
nibalianus, ii. 164.

Kindred, degrees of, according to the Roman civil law, iv. 359, 360.
Knighthood, how originally conferred, and its obligations, v. 562.
Koran of Mahomet, account and character of, v. 109.

Koreish, the tribe of, acquire the custody of the Caaba at Mecca, v. 94.
Pedigree of Mahomet therefrom, 98. They oppose his pretensions to a
prophetical character, 123. Escape of Mahomet from, 124. Battle of
Beder, 131. Battle of Ohud, 132. Mecca surrendered to Mahomet,

136.

Labarum, or standard of the Cross, in the army of Constantine the Great,
described, ii. 261.

Labeo, the civilian, his diligence in business and composition, iv. 321.
His professional character, 325.

Lactantius, predictions of, i. 536, note M. Difficulties in ascertaining the
date of his divine institutions, ii. 248, note. His flattering prediction
of the influence of Christianity among mankind, 254. Inculcates the
divine right of Constantine to the empire, 256, note.

Ladislaus, king of Hungary and Poland, leads an army against the
Turks, vi. 352. His breach of faith with them, 354.

-, king of Naples, harasses Rome during the schism of the
papacy, vi. 499.

Lætus, prætorian præfect, conspires the death of Commodus, and confers
the empire on Pertinax, i. 115, 116, note W.

Laity, when first distinguished from the clergy, i. 562.

Lampadius, a Roman senator, boldly condemns the treaty with Alaric the
Goth, iii. 231.

Lance, Holy, narrative of the miraculous discovery of, v. 586.

Land, how assessed by the Roman emperors, ii. 142, 143, note M. How
divided by the Barbarians, iii. 598, 699, notes M. Allodial and Salic,
distinguished, 600, 601, note M. Of Italy, how partitioned by Theodoric
the Ostrogoth, iv. 13, note M.

Laodicea, its ancient splendor, i. 62.

Lascaris, Theodore, establishes an empire at Nice, vi. 104. His character,
141.

II., his character, vi. 143.

Janus, the Greek grammarian, vi. 339. Constantine, 340, note.
Latin church, occasion of its separation from the Greek church, vi. 48.
Corruption and schism of, 308. Reunion of with the Greek church,
322. The subsequent Greek schism, 344.

Latium, the right of, explained, i. 43. note M.

Laura, a, or circle of solitary cells surrounding the monasteries of the
East, iii. 537.

Law, review of the profession of, under the emperors, ii. 122. Authorities
for Roman law stated, iv. 316, note M. Succession of the civil lawyers,
319. Jurisconsults of the first period, 319, note W. Of the second peri-
od, Cicero, &c., 320. Their philosophy, 321. Institutes, 321, note W.
Authority of, 323, 324, note W. Sects of Proculians and Sabinians, 325,
326, note W.

Laws of Rome, review of, iv. 298, 317, 319, note M. Those of the kings,
301. Of the twelve tables, 303. Of the people, 307. Decrees of the
senate, and edicts of the prætors, 309. Constitutions of the emperors,
313, note M. Their rescripts, 316, note M. The three codes of, 317.
The forms of, 317, 318, notes W. and M. Reformation of, by Justinian,
328. Abolition and revival of the penal laws, 573, 574.

Lazi, the tribe of, in Colchos, account of, iv. 230.

Leake, Colonel, "Edict of Diocletian," by, i. 440, note M. Discovers the
site of Dodona, iv. 265, note M.

Learning, the revival of, vi. 324. Of the Greek, in Italy, 327, 330, 331,
333. Of pronunciation and accents, 335, 336. Emulation of the Latins,
337. Under Cosmo and Lorenzo of Medicis, 338. Classic literature,
340. Introduction of learning among the Arabians, v. 300.

Le Clerc, character of his Ecclesiastical History, iv 427, note.

Legacies and inheritances taxed by Augustus, i. 191. How regulated by
the Roman law, iv. 363.

Legion, in the Roman army under the emperors, described, i. 14, 19.
Camp of a, 18. General distribution of the legions, 19. The size of,
reduced by Constantine the Great, ii. 127.

Leo of Thrace is made emperor of the East, by his master Aspar, iii. 489.
Was the first Christian potentate who was crowned by a priest, 489.
Confers the empire of the West on Anthemius, 490. His armament
against the Vandals in Africa, 494. His alarm on its failure, 497, note
M. Murders Aspar and his sons, iv. 3.

Leo III., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 582, 583, note M. His edicts
against images in churches, v. 10. Revolt of Italy, 18.

IV., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 584, note M.

V., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 590.

VI., the Philosopher, emperor of Constantinople, iv. 601. Extin-
guishes the power of the senate, v. 363.

bishop of Rome, his character, and embassy from Valentinian III. to
Attila, king of the Huns, iii. 449, 450, note M. Intercedes with Gen-
seric, king of the Vandals, for clemency to the city of Rome, 462, 463,
note. Calls the council of Chalcedon, iv. 517.

III., pope, his miraculous recovery from the assault of assassins, v.
42. Crowns Charlemagne emperor of the Romans, 43.

IV., pope, his reign, v. 315, 316. Founds the Leonine city, 317.
IX, pope, his expedition against the Normans of Apulia, v. 455. His
treaty with them, 456.

archbishop of Thessalonica, one of the restorers of Greek learning,
v. 378, 379.

general of the East, under the emperor Arcadius, his character, iii. 333.
Pilatus, first Greek professor at Florence, and in the West, character
of, vi. 330.

the Jew proselyte, history of his family, vi. 459.

Leonas, the quæstor, his embassy from Constantius to Julian, ii. 382.
Leonine city at Rome founded, v. 317.

Leontius is taken from prison, and chosen emperor of Constantinople, on
the deposition of Justinian II., iv. 577.

Leovigild, Gothic king of Spain, his character, iii. 559. Revolt and exe-
cution of his son Hermenegild, 560.

Letters, a knowledge of, the test of civilization in a people, i. 257.
Lewis the Pious, son of Charlemagne, emperor of the Romans, v. 54.

II., son of Lewis the Pious, emperor of the Romans, v. 54. His
epistle to the Greek emperor, Basil I., 441.
Libanius, his account of the private life of the emperor Julian, ii. 394.
And of his divine visions, 419. Applauds the dissimulation of Julian,
420. His character, 469. His eulogium on the emperor Valens, iii. 51, 52.
Liberius superseded in the Sicilian command by Artaban, iv. 265, 266, vide
note M.

alliance with Constantine the Great, 485. Defeats Maximin, 486. His
cruelty, 486. Is defeated by Constantine at Cibalis, 490. And at
Mardia, 491. Peace concluded with Constantine, 493. Second civil war
with Constantine, 497. His humiliation and death, 502. Concurred
with Constantine in publishing the edict of Milan, ii. 252. Violated
this engagement by oppressing the Christians, 257. Fate of his son,
157, 160, note.

Lieutenant, Imperial, his office and rank, i. 77.

Lightning, superstition of the Romans with reference to persons and places
struck with, i. 393. On the knowledge of conducting it possessed by the
ancients, iii. 270, note M.

Limigantes, Sarmatian slaves, expel their masters, and usurp possession
of their country, ii. 172. Extinction of, by Constantius, 221.

Literature, revival of, in Italy, vi. 327, 328. Ancier t, use and abuse of, 340.
Lithuania, its late conversion to Christianity, v. 438.

Litorius, count, is defeated and taken captive in Gaul by Theodoric, iii.

426.

Liutprand, king of the Lombards, attacks the city of Rome, v. 24.

-, bishop of Cremona, ambassador to Constantinople, ceremony
of his audience with the emperor, v. 357.

Logos, Plato's doctrine of, ii. 301, 302, notes G. and M. Is expounded by
St. John the Evangelist, 305, note G., 306, M. Athanasius confesses
himself unable to comprehend it, 310. Controversies on the eternity of,
313, 314. See also iv. 497.

Logothete, Great, his office under the Greek emperors, v. 354.

Lombardy, ancient, described, i. 23, iv. 395. Conquest of, by Charlemagne, ́
v. 27.

Lombards, derivation of their name, and review of their history, iv. 193.
Are employed by the emperor Justinian to check the Gepidæ, 194. Ac-
tions of their king, Alboin, 389. They reduce the Gepida, 392. They
overrun that part of Italy now called Lombardy, 395. Extent of their
kingdom, 396, 409. Language and manners of the Lombards, 410.
Government and laws, 414, 415.

Longinus, his representation of the degeneracy of his age, i. 72. Is put
to death by Aurelian, 357.

is sent to supersede Narses, as exarch of Ravenna, iv. 394. Re-
ceives Rosamond, the fugitive queen of the Lombards, 399.
Lothaire I., emperor of the Romans, v. 54.

Louis VII. of France is rescued from the treachery of the Greeks by
Roger, king of Sicily, v. 487. Undertakes the second crusade, vi. 4.
His disastrous expedition, 5, note M., 9, 10, note M.

IX. of France, his crusades to the Holy Land, vi. 40, 43. His death,
44. Procured a valuable stock of relics from Constantinople, 122.
Lucian, the severity of his satire against the heathen mythology accounted
for, i. 36.

count of the East, under the emperor Arcadius, his cruel treat-
ment by the præfect Rufinus, iii. 170.

-presbyter of Jerusalem, his miraculous discovery of the body of
St. Stephen, the first Christian martyr, iii. 158.

Lucilian, governor of Illyricum, is surprised, and kindly treated, by Julian,
ii. 387. His death, 523.

Lucilla, sister of the emperor Commodus, her attempt to get him assassi-
nated, i. 105.

Lucius II. and III., popes, their disastrous reigns, vi. 428.

Lucrine lake described, with its late destruction, iii. 255, note.

Lucullan villa in Campania, its description and history, iii. 515.

Lupercalia, the feast of, described, and continued under the Christian em-
perors, iii. 492. By whom abolished, 493.

Lupicinus, ii. 534. Roman governor of Thrace oppresses the Gothic emi-
grants there, iii. 34. Rashly provokes them to hostilities, 37. Is
defeated by them, 37, 38.

Lustral contribution in the Roman empire explained, ii. 150.

Luther, Martin, his character as a reformer, v. 399, 400.

Luxury, the only means of correcting the unequal distribution of property,
i. 67.

Lygians, a formidable German nation, account of, i. 379, 380, vide note M.
Lyons, battle of, between the competitors Severus and Albinus, i. 140.

Macarius, patriarch of Antioch, his zeal, iv. 553.

Macedonius, the Arian bishop of Constantinople, his contest with his com-
petitor Paul, ii. 357. Fatal consequences on his removing the body of
the emperor Constantine to the church of St. Acacius, 358. His cruel
persecution of the Catholics and Novatians, 359, 360. His exile, iv. 525.
Macrianus, prætorian præfect under the emperor Valerian, his character,
i. 316.

a prince of the Alemanni, his steady alliance with the emperor
Valentinian, ii. 559.
Macrinus, his succession to the empire predicted by an African, i. 162.

VOL. VI.

Leo III., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 582, 583, note M. His edicts
against images in churches, v. 10. Revolt of Italy, 18.

IV., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 584, note M.

- V., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 590.

- VI., the Philosopher, emperor of Constantinople, iv. 601. Extin-
guishes the power of the senate, v. 363.

, bishop of Rome, his character, and embassy from Valentinian III. to
Attila, king of the Huns, iii. 449, 450, note M. Intercedes with Gen-
serie, king of the Vandals, for clemency to the city of Rome, 462, 463,
note. Calls the council of Chalcedon, iv. 517.

— III., pope, his miraculous recovery from the assault of assassins, v.
42. Crowns Charlemagne emperor of the Romans, 43.

IV., pope, his reign, v. 315, 316. Founds the Leonine city, 317.

- IX, pope, his expedition against the Normans of Apulia, v. 455. His
treaty with them, 456.

———, archbishop of Thessalonica, one of the restorers of Greek learning,
v. 378, 379.

, general of the East, under the emperor Arcadius, his character, iii. 333.
Pilatus, first Greek professor at Florence, and in the West, character
of, vi. 330.

the Jew proselyte, history of his family, vi. 459.

Leonas, the quæstor, his embassy from Constantius to Julian, ii. 382.
Leonine city at Rome founded, v. 317.

Leontius is taken from prison, and chosen emperor of Constantinople, on
the deposition of Justinian II., iv. 577.

Leovigild, Gothic king of Spain, his character, iii. 559. Revolt and exe-
cution of his son Hermenegild, 560.

Letters, a knowledge of, the test of civilization in a people, i. 257.
Lewis the Pious, son of Charlemagne, emperor of the Romans, v. 54.

-, bishop of Rome, is banished by the emperor Constantius, for
refusing to concur in deposing Athanasius, ii. 345, 355.
Liberty, public, the only sure guardians of, against an aspiring prince, i. 73.
Licinius is invested with the purple by the emperor Galerius, i. 446. His
alliance with Constantine the Great, 485. Defeats Maximin, 486. His
cruelty, 486. Is defeated by Constantine at Cibalis, 490. And at
Mardia, 491. Peace concluded with Constantine, 493. Second civil war
with Constantine, 497. His humiliation and death, 502. Concurred
with Constantine in publishing the edict of Milan, ii. 252. Violated
this engagement by oppressing the Christians, 257. Fate of his son,
157, 160, note.

Lieutenant, Imperial, his office and rank, i. 77.

Lightning, superstition of the Romans with reference to persons and places
struck with, i. 393. On the knowledge of conducting it possessed by the
ancients, iii. 270, note M.

Limigantes, Sarmatian slaves, expel their masters, and usurp possession
of their country, ii. 172. Extinction of, by Constantius, 221.
Literature, revival of, in Italy, vi. 327, 328. Ancier t, use and abuse of, 340.
Lithuania, its late conversion to Christianity, v. 438.

Litorius, count, is defeated and taken captive in Gaul by Theodoric, iii.

426.

Liutprand, king of the Lombards, attacks the city of Rome, v. 24.

-, bishop of Cremona, ambassador to Constantinople, ceremony
of his audience with the emperor, v. 357.

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The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Band 6