part, but his colleague, Dr. Milne, who ardently desired it, shared in this good work. In 1823, the whole Bible in Chinese was printed at the mission press at Malacca ;- a work which all the Nestorians, and the hundreds of Catholic missionaries in China during 240 years, had not accomplished. If it has the imperfections of a first attempt, yet experience proves it to be mainly intelligible; and God has honored it in communicating the saving knowledge of salvation to some for whom it was destined. Many editions of portions, and two editions of the whole Bible have been printed and distributed, through the liberality of private friends, and of the Bible Societies of England and America. In a letter dated a few days before his death, referring to a donation from the American Bible Society, he thus wrote: "I should wish the fact conveyed to the Bible Society, that their liberality in multiplying copies of the Scriptures in Chinese, affords great joy to one who labored late and early many years in translating them; that by the union of Chritian efforts, glory to God and the salvation of men are promoted."

Though the press was his chief instrument for diffusing the knowledge of Christianity, yet he has not been limited to that alone. From first to last he maintained in his own house on the Sabbath, Divine worship in the Chinese language. Long before the arrival of the Company's chaplain in China, he performed one service in English, and two in Chinese on each Lord's day: the latter he never omnitted, but the former has been more limited and occasional during late years. Preaching in Chinese has ever called for caution, more perhaps in past years than at present: but he was able to continue it during the violent measures adopted by the Chinese government against Roman Catholics in 1814. On the last Sabbath before his death, he was peculiarly animated and solemn in his exhortations to his native audience, that they should give heed to the repeated instructions they had enjoyed, as if, and as it proved, they were to enjoy them no more. In singing, his favorite devotional exercise, he sung with them the hymn, which he had prepared and translated during the present summer, beginning with

"Jesus lover of my soul,

Let me to thy bosom fly," &c.

Thus have we glanced at the leading events and labors in the life of one who lived for the benefit of mankind. "I have a few," so he wrote to a friend a few days before his death, "I have a few, and but a few seniors in service throughout the whole extent of Asia; Carey and Marshman are the only ones I know." But alas! the venerable Carey, father of the Protestant mission in Bengal, had already gone. We would not eulogize these men, for their works live to praise them. But how changed their scenes of labor since they first become actors in them. In the one case, Christianity has risen above the prejudices which then enveloped her glory, and has assumed the attitude of blessing the many thousands of India. In the other, even in China, one of the strongest of the strongholds of the great adversary, a stand has been taken, a work commenced, which though but commenced, will yet lead surely on to victory.

ART. V. Literary notices: 1. The Chinese Magazine; 2. Tibetan Dictionary and Grammar; and 3. Australian Almanac and Sydney Directory.

1. The Chinese Magazine still continues to be published, and has hitherto met with no opposition from any quarter. A few copies of the work have recently been sent to Peking; some to Nanking; and some to other parts of the empire. It has now reached its tenth number, which like each of the preceding ones contains about thirty octavo pages. As the friends of China abroad must be desirous of knowing what kind of information the Magazine conveys to the people of this empire, we will subjoin, from the table of contents, the titles of some of the leading articles contained in the last numbers :Conversation between an Englishman and a Chinese reader of the Magazine, in which the former prevails on the latter to examine and criticize the book.-Conversation between two Chinese respecting the creation of the world, in which one instructs the other concerning the account contained in the first chapter of Genesis, and contends that nature affords certain evidence of the account being more than a mere western tale.'-Letter from a Chinese traveling in South America to his father in China-giving an account of a ship, of a storm, of Lima, and of the mines in Chili.-Narrative of the settlement of the Cape of Good Hope-difficulties encountered, and the perseverance of the settlers.-Essay against idolatry, with arguments deduced from the principles of the ancient sages and wise kings, anterior to Confucius, and from the power of an Almighty Being manifested in nature. The principles of the steam-engine explained, with an illustrative plate." Besides articles like these which we have named, each number usually contains short historical, geographical and astronomical papers; and these are followed by items of European news, and a price current.

2. Tibetan Dictionary and Grammar. The 25th number of the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, announces the publication of M. Csoma de Körös' Tibetan Dictionary, published at the expense of Government and under the auspices of the Asiatic Society;' it inforins us also that his Tibetan Grammar was about being put to press, and would be published without delay. The 26th No. of the Journal, for February, 1834, contains some interesting extracts from Tibetan works, translated by M. Körös.

3. Australian Almanac and Sydney Directory for 1834. We are astonished at the rapidity with which the settlements in New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land have grown up to their present importance. The manual before us, containing about 350 pages, is full of statistical matter, evincing the enterprise of the colonists of Australia. The first fleet, cominanded by Captain Arthur Philip, the first governor of the colony, anchored in Botany Bay, January 20th, 1788. In 1790, Jame Ruse, the first settler, selected from among the prisoners, by the first fleet, was established at Parramatta." The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, the first journal 25

CHI: REP: VOL. III.

Now

in Australia, was commenced by Mr. George Howe, in 1803. there are in New South Wales, five newspapers; and eight in Van Diemen's Land. They have two agricultural societies; a chamber of commerce; five banks; two colleges; and several benevolent societies, among which are the Australian Tract Society, the Auxiliary Bible Society, and the Wesleyan Auxiliary Missionary Society.

ART. VI. Journal of Occurrences: edicts from the governor and hoppo of Canton; imperial commissioners; new hoppo; literati ; Siamese and Cochinchinese tribute bearers.

WE omit to notice a variety of minor occurrences during the present month, for the sake of affording room to a series of official papers which have been sent out by the Chinese authorities, since the arrival of Lord Napier on the morning of the 25th ult. Nothing more has yet transpired than we expected, nor even so inuch. Thus far the course of the British authorities has been marked by great moderation, decision, and frankness, a course from which it is hoped there will be no deviation. Previous to his Lordship's arrival, there had long been a dead calm, and both the Chinese officers and the hong-merchants were waiting in suspense for that event. The several edicts which we subjoin will show something of the manner in which he has been received. They will seem 'stale, flat and unprofitable' enough to our local readers; but it is on those abroad that we 'enjoin' their perusal; and as they exhibit the mind and temper of this people, they are valuable.

A few remarks are necessary to enable those who are not on the spot to understand the merits of the case. In Jan. 1831, an edict was published by the Governor of Canton, stating "that in case of the dissolution of the Company, it was incumbent on the British governinent to appoint a chief to come to Canton for the general management of commercial dealings, and to prevent affairs from going to confusion." In accordance with that edict, Lord Napier arrived in Canton, bringing with him from his government instructions, from which the following is an extract:

"In execution of the said commission, you will take up your residence at the port of Canton, in the dominions of the emperor of China, and you will discharge the several duties confided to you by the said commission and orders in council respectively at Canton as aforesaid, or at any other place which may be for that purpose appointed by us, and not elsewhere.—The Bocca Tigris, which is marked by a fort immediately above Anson's bay, forms the limit of the port of Canion, and your Lordship will conform to that understanding." See Canton Register for August 26th, 1834.

On the 26th ult., the next day after Lord Napier reached Canton, he sent a letter, by the hands of his own secretary, to the city gates for the governor: the communication was sealed and addressed to his excellency in due stylebut it was not a petition, and on that account was rejected. In the meantime, orders were accumulating on the hands of the hong-merchants, who were endeavoring to enjoin them on his Lordship. After it was made plain to the Chinese that he would not receive them, they were lodged in the hands of the British merchants, who took care, at the same time that they received them, to assure the hong-nerchants that they could do no more than merely acknowledge the receipt of the edicts, as their commercial interests were now under the superintendence of Lord Napier, the representative of the king of Great Britain. In this way the following documents have come before the public.

(No. 1.)

Loo, governor-general of Kwangtung, &c. &c to the hong-merchants :The Hee (or naval officer) of the Heängshan district, with others, has reported "that an English war vessel having on board a barbarian eye, had from the outer seas, sailed to Cabreta Point (off Macao), and there anchored. On inquiry it was stated that he was to examine and have superintendence of the said nation's merchant vessels coming to Canton to trade, &c. As duty requires, a report is made."

According to this, I have examined and find that hitherto, outside barbarians trading to Canton have only had tuepans (chief supercargoes), buying and selling goods. They have been permitted to request permits, and then come to Canton. But ordinarily they have only had permission to reside at Macao. The English have traded at Canton upwards of a hundred years, and with regard to all the regulations, there has long been mutual tranquillity. The said hong-merchants before reported, that this year the English Company is dissolved. The barbarian eye who has now come is of course for the superintendence and examination of this business. And the barbarian eye is not on a par with the tae pans. If he wishes to come to Canton, it will be necessary to make first a clear report, requesting the imperial will on the subject. As to the commercial affairs, if there be circumstances absolutely requiring the establishment of other regulations, a petition of requests, after inquiry and deliberation on the part of the hong-merchants, must also be sent by them, that a memorial may be prepared, and obedience called for.

Uniting these circumstances, this order is issued. When the order is received by the said merchants, let them immediately go in person to Macao, and ascertain clearly from the barbarian eye, for what he has come to Canton province. Let them also inquire fully and minutely as to what other regulations require to be now established, since this year the said nation's Company has been dissolved. Then let them report in answer, to afford evidence on which to make a plain and full memorial, for directions as to what conduct is to be observed, and as to what obedience is to be required. And let them authoritatively enjoin the established laws of the Celestial Empire, that, with the exception of the taepans and other barbarian merchants trading to Canton, none can be permitted to come to Canton, without a report having been made, and the mandate received. The said barbarian eye, having to examine concerning and superintend the affairs of commerce, may reside at Macao. If he wishes to come to Canton, he must inform the said merchants, that they may previously petition ine, the governor, and I will by post-conveyance send a memorial, and all must respectfully wait till the mandate of the great emperor has been received. Then orders will be issued to require obedienc . Taoukwang, 14th year, 6th moon, 15th day. [July 21st, 1834.] Oppose not! A special order.

(No. 2.)

Loo, governor-general, &c. &c. to the hong-merchants.

The outside barbarians of the English nation have had a continued trade at Canton for a hundred and some tens of years. cording to the established regulations reported to the emperor, which have long All affairs are conducted acbeen obeyed and kept. Although the barbarians are beyond the bounds of civilization, yet having come to Canton to trade, they should immediately give implicit obedience to the established laws of the Celestial Empire. Then they may enjoy tranquillity. Newly come barbarians, not understanding the dignity of the statutes, you, with the linguists, compradors, &c., should instruct clearly and authoritatively in all things, to prevent their overstepping or opposing. I find on examination that foreigners coming to Canton province have hitherto been permitted only to reside at Macao. and selling goods, &c., to conduct, they are then permitted to request and reWhen they have affairs of buying ceive from the superintendent of the Canton customs a permit to come to Canton Whatever utensils, &c. they carry with them, must every one pass examination at the custom-house, and a report of them must be made. superintendent of the customs sends a communication on the subject to my of The fice, to be placed on record.

On this occasion, the barbarian eye, lut Laepe (i.e the headman, Lord Napier), has come to Canton, without having at all resided at Macao to wait for orders. Nor has he requested or received a permit from the superintendent of customs; but has hastily come up to Canton. A great infringement of the established law! The custom-house writers and others, who presumed to admit him to enter, are sent, with a communication, requiring their trial. But in tender consideration for the said barbarian eye, being a new comer and unacquainted with the statutes and laws of the Celestial Empire, I will not strictly investigate. But it is not expedient that the said barbarian eye should long remain at Canton provincial city; it must be required, that when the commercial business regarding which he has to inquire and hold jurisdiction is finished, he immediately return to Macao. And hereafter, without having requested and obtained a permit, he can not be permitted to come to Canton.

As to the object of the said barbarian eye's coming to Canton, it is for commercial business. The Celestial Empire appoints officers-civil ones to rule the people-military ones to intimidate the wicked. The petty affairs of commerce are to be directed by the merchants themselves. The officers have nothing to hear on the subject. In the trade of the said barbarians, if there are any changes to be made in regulations, &c., in all cases, the said merchants are to consult together, and make a joint statement to the superintendent of customs and to my office. Whether (the proposals) shall be allowed or disallowed must be learned by waiting for a reply publicly. If any affair is to be newly commenced, it is requisite to wait till a respectful memorial be made, clearly reporting to the great emperor, and his mandate received. Then it may be commenced, and orders may be issued requiring obedience.

The great ministers of the Celestial Empire, are not permitted to have private intercourse by letters with outside barbarians. If the said barbarian eye throws in private letters, I, the governor, will not at all receive or look at them. With regard to the barbarian factory of the Company, without the walls of the city, it is a place of temporary residence for barbarians coming to Canton to trade. They are permitted only to eat, sleep, buy, and sell in the factories. They are not permitted to go out and ramble about. All these are points decided by fixed and certain laws and statutes, which will not bear to be confusedly transgressed. To sum up the whole matter: the nation has its laws; it is so everywhere. Even England has its laws. How much more the Celestial Empire! How flaming bright are its great laws and ordinances. More terrible than the awful thunderbolt! Under this whole bright heaven, none dares to disobey them. Under its shelter are the four seas. Subject to its soothing care are ten thousand king. doms. The said barbarian eye, having come over a sea of several myriads of miles in extent to examine and have superintendence of affairs, must be a man thoroughly acquainted with the principles of high dignity. And in his person he sustains the duties of an officer-an eye. Then only can he control and restrain the barbarian merchants.

I, the governor, looking up, will embody the extreme wish of the great emperor to cherish with tenderness the men from a distance. And assuredly I will not treat slightingly the outside barbarians. But the national laws are extremely strict and close-drawn; we dare not in the least transgress. Let the said barbarian eye be very careful not to listen the artful instigations of evil men, enticing him until he fails of the object of the said nation s king in sending him so far. Uniting all, I issue the order to be enjoined. When the order reaches the said merchants, let them immediately act in obedience to it, and enjoin the order on the said barbarian eye, that he may know it thoroughly. Oppose it not! The said merchants have had intercourse with barbarians for many years Their know. ledge of their language and feelings must be good. The linguists and compradors are more closely allied to the barbarians. If they truly explain clearly, opening and guiding the understanding, the said barbarian eye assuredly can not but obey If there should be disobedience and opposition, it must be owing to the bad management of the said merchants, and to the instigation of the linguists. Assured. ly the said merchants shall be reported against, that they may be punished; and on the linguists the laws shall instantly be put in full force. (A phrase for capital punishment.) Make not repentance [necessary] These are the orders. Taoukwang, 14th year, 6th moon, 21st day [July 27th, 1834.]