13. Kwei-tih mun:-reckoning from the west, this is the first gate in the wall which separates the old from the new city.

14. Tae-nan mun:-"the great southern gate,” is the second.

15. Wan-ming mun is the third and

16. Ting-hae mun is the fourth, and last gate. Of these sixteen gates, the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 13th, as we have numbered them above, belong to the Nanhae, and the cther eight belong to the Pwanyu district. A few soldiers are stationed at each of the gates, to watch them by day, and to close and guard them by night. They are shut at an early hour in the evening and opened at dawn of day. Except on special occasions no one is allowed to pass in or out during the nightwatches;—but a small fee will usually open the way, yet always exposes the keepers to punishment.

We must now extend our description so as to include the suburbs ;-the streets and buildings of which differ very little, if at all, from those within the walls. On the west they spread out nearly in the form of an isosceles right-angled triangle, opening to the northwest, having the river on the south, and the western wall of the city, for its two equal sides. On the south they occupy the whole space between the wall and the river. On the east they are much less extensive than on the west. There are no buildings on the north except a few small huts near the principal gate. Taken collectively, the suburbs are scarcely less extensive or less populous than the city within the walls.

The streets of Canton are numerous,-we have before us a catalogue containing the names of more than six hundred, among which we find the "dragon street;" the "flying dragon street;" the "martial dragon street;" the "flower street;" "the golden streets" the "golden flower street;" and among

many more of a similar kind, we meet with a few which we should not care to translate. There are several long streets, but most of them are short and crooked; they vary in width from two to sixteen feet, but generally they are about six or eight feet wide, and they are everywhere flagged with large stones,-chiefly granite. The motley crowd that often throngs these streets is very great indeed. At a busy hour of the day, the stout, half naked, vociferating porters, carrying every description of merchandise, and the nimble sedan bearers, in noise and bustle make up for the deficiency of carts and carriages; these together with the numerous travelers, various kinds of retailers, pedlers, beggars, &c., present before the spectator a scene which we shall not attempt to describe.

Be

Not a few of the visitors, and not a little of the merchandise, brought together here, are conveyed into the city by means of canals, or ditches. There are several of these; one of the largest of them extends along the whole length of the wall on the east of the city, and another one on the west side. tween these two, and communicating with them, there is a third canal which runs along near the wall on the north side of the new city, so that boats can enter on the west, pass through the city, and out at the eastern side; and vice versâ. There are other canals in the eastern and western suburbs; and one in the southern. Into these larger channels a great number of smaller ones flow: these the Chinese call the "veins of the city." There are also several reservoirs; but none of them are of great extent. Much of the water for the use of the inhabitants is supplied from the river and canals; wells are frequent; rain water is employed also; and for tea, &c., fine wholesome water is plentifully furnished from several springs, which break out on the north of the city, both within and without the walls.-There are several bridges, some built of stone, thrown over these canals.

A map of the city and suburbs of Canton.

In the absence of an accurate map of Canton, the accompanying one, executed by a native hand-we dare not say artist, will afford a tolerable idea of the general plan and outline of the city. It is a facsimile of one of the best na. tive maps, except only in the lettering, in which the Chinese character has been wholly omitted, and a few Roman letters, fer convenience in reference, placed in their stead.

a a. These letters mark the situation of the Choo keäng, or Pearl river. A small fort, called the French folly, stands in the river a short distance from the southeast corner of the city; another fort, called the Dutch folly, stands further up the river a little higher up are ledges of rocks, which at low water are seen above the surface. Beyond the foreign. factories westward, several small canals branch off into the suburbs; but for a mile or two the river itself is nearly straight.

b. This letter points out on the map the situation of the foreign factories on the north bank of the river.

C. This letter marks the locality of the Mohammedan mosque, in the old city near the western gate; it stands erect, and not inclined as represented on the map.

d. A native pagoda. This stands north of the mosque, or Mohammedan pagoda, as it has often been called.

e. A lofty and conspicuous building called the five-storied pagoda; it stands on the north side of the city.

f. The governor's house; it stands in the new city not far from the Yew-lan gate.

g.

The fooyuen's house, which stands near the centre of the old city.

h. House of the tseangkeun or Tartar general; this is also in the old city, and not far from the two pagodas.

i. The house of the hoppo; it is situated on the south side of the new city, a few rods east of the Tsing-hae gate.

k. House of the heo-yuen, or literary chancellor of Canton; it is in the south part of the old city.

1. House of the pooching sze, or treasurer of the provincial revenue, near the centre of the old city

m

House of the gancha sze, or criminal judge of the province, near the house of the literary chancellor.

n. The house of the yen-yun sze, or superintendent of the salt department; it stands near the Kwei-tih gate.

0.

Kung-yuen; a hall for the reception of literary candidates at the regular examinations; it stands near the southeast cor. ner of the old city.

p. Yuh-ying-ting; a foundling hospital, on the east of the city, about half a mile from the walls.

q. Teën-tsze ma-taon; the execution ground; without the southern gates, near the river.

MISCELLANIES.

THE HUMANITY OF WOMANKIND.-Travelers among savages and semi-civilized nations have very frequently recorded their great obligations to the humane feelings of kind-hearted women, in relieving their distresses, and softening the hearts of their persecutors. There are some instances no doubt in history of the contrary case, in which proud, bigoted women have been cruel: but these are the exception, not the rule. A native correspondent has brought to our notice a case to illustrate the first of these remarks. We quote it as given in the Chinese language.

The woman seized by the police runners of

-, was born in Malacca, and married to an emigrant from Ta-poo district in Chaouchow. She bore to him five children, sons and daughters. The eldest daughter was sixteen, and the eldest boy, eight or nine. The husband's family name was Hwang, and his name Shing. At Malacca, he acted as a carpenter, and kept a shop for the sale of wooden utensils. Afterwards he went to Singapore, where he accumulated a little money, and opened a shop for piece-goods and other miscellaneous articles. But latterly trade becoming dull, his thoughts turned towards home, where his aged mother was still living. Besides, at Singapore the Sun-ho-hwuy is numerous, and he was frequently assailed by insult and violence from the members of that fraternity, who demanded loans of money and extorted credit. He therefore sold off the things in his shop, and had two thousand dollars or more remaining.

Ta-poo, his native district, is a place of industry and economy, where cottages and plats of ground

U

A

cau be bought. The women are acquainted with agriculture, weaving, and cutting wood for fuel. boy of only five or six years of age is able to take care of a buffalo, and a girl of five or six years of age can spin. Without spinning and weaving, not a creature "sits and eats," that is, sits still doing nothing but consuming food. All work. Three years' husbandry will leave one year's overplus, as a provision against famine or drought. And with the overplus they sometimes trade a little in the neighboring villages to gain a little money for marriages, and for times of sickness aud funerals. In that neighborhood somewhat of the custom of the ancients prevails. One or two thousand dollars can buy an estate on which a person may have a comfortable residence. I should like to live in such a place and grow old there; spending half my time in husbandry, and half in reading books; where also I might diffuse the knowledge of the true God, and not spend life in vain.

To this place Hwang wished to return, but he was seized by the police, with his wife and children, and all were subjected to torture as if they had been robbers or thieves. And there were people who told the magistrate that Hwang had twenty or thirty thousand dollars' worth of property; and wished him to extort two or three thousand in order to liberate him and his family. If he would not disgorge, he was to be sent through the district courts to the provincial city, with crimes alleged against him. Hwang was not rich, and he dreaded the expense of the several courts, as well as being finally criminated. But God appeared to protect him, contrary to the machinations of his enemies.

The wife of the magistrate, and her aged mother, hearing that there was a foreign woman in the court, desired to see her. The officers immediately brought her to the inner hall to see the lady. The prisoner prostrated herself and knocked head. Compassion arose in the lady's heart. The pris