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tions of Virginia and Kentucky on the Alien and Sedition Laws. Un-
just Censure of the late Envoys to France. Question concerning the
Common Law of England. Concerted operations of the Republican
Party. Meeting of Congress. Death of Washington. Letter to Mr.
Monroe. Proceedings of Congress. Letter to Gideon Granger.
Aspersions on Mr. Jefferson. Letter to Dr. Rush. Moral influence
of Cities considered. Presidential Election. Letter to Burr. The
election of President devolves upon Congress. Proceedings in that
body. Public anxiety during the Election. Thomas Jefferson finally
elected. His letter to Mr. Monroe.
55
CHAPTER IV.
1801.
Party hopes and fears. Foreign relations of the United States. The
President's Inaugural Address. Its character. Letter to John Dick-
inson. Removals from Office. Arguments for and against them.
Messenger to France with the Treaty. Offers Thomas Paine a con-
veyance to America. His Justification. Letter to Dr. Priestley-to
Mr. Gerry. His Cabinet. Political changes in New England. Abro-
gation of Forms. Remonstrance from New Haven. The President's
Answer. Its effects on Public Opinion. R. Livingston sent Minister
to France. Instructions to him. A Squadron sent to Tripoli. Policy
on the appointment of Ministers. Sketch of Parties. Circular to the
Heads of Departments. He communicates with both Houses of Con-
gress through the Speakers. The Message-assailed by the Fede-
ralists. 83
CHAPTER V.
1801-1802.
Proposed reforms of the Administration Party. Recent Judiciary Law
-views of parties as to its repeal. Internal Taxes. The Public
Debts-mistaken views of both parties concerning it. The President's
Financial Views. Convention with England. Cession of Louisiana
to France. Lively interest excited by it in the United States. Mr.
Jefferson's instructions to Mr. Livingston. Views of the effect of the
Cession at Louisiana. Callender's Libels. Piers in the Delaware.
Forbearance towards his opponents. The right of deposit at New
Orleans interdicted by Spain. Meeting of Congress. Annual Mes-
sage. Dry Docks. Resolution on the conduct of Spain. Mr. Monroe's
mission to France-motives for the appointment.
110
CHAPTER VI.
1803.
Mr. Jefferson recommends an Exploring Expedition across the Conti-
nent. Meriwether Lewis. Amendments to the Constitution. Error
of its Framers. Ohio admitted into the Union. Proposed Retroces-
sion of the District of Columbia. Repeal of Discriminating Duties,
and Discontinuance of the Mint proposed. Dry Docks. Yazoo Pur-
chase. Purchase of Louisiana-Its supposed tendency to a Separation
of the Western States falsified by time. Constitutionality of admitting
Louisiana into the Union. Objections finally waived. Difficulties
created by Spain. Meeting of Congress. President's Annual Mes-
sage. Treaty with France ratified, and possession taken of Louisiana.
Professorship of Agriculture.
129
CHAPTER VII.
1804-1805.
The President recommends a repeal of the Bankrupt Law. Bank of the
United States. Statistics of Louisiana. Amendment to the Constitu-
tion. Naturalization Law. Judge Pickering impeached and removed.
Yazoo claims. Loss of the Frigate Philadelphia. His increasing
popularity. Views of the Federal Party. Death of Mrs. Eppes. Cor-
respondence with Mrs. Adams. Mr. Jefferson vindicates his course.
Letter to Mazzei. Various speculations to which the acquisition of
Louisiana gave rise. Mr. Jefferson's view of the consequences of a
separation. Expedition against Tripoli. Presidential Election. Meet-
ing of Congress. President's Message. Gun Boats. Impeachment
of Judge Chase-his trial and acquittal.
CHAPTER VIII.
1805-1806.
157
The President's Inaugural Address. Discontent of Spain. Eaton's
success against Tripoli. Mr. Jefferson's account of the Climate of
America. Complaints of the Trade with St. Domingo. Schisms in
the Republican Party. Message to Congress. John Randolph. Re-
lations with Spain. Views of Parties. Appropriation for the pur-
chase of Florida. The course pursued by the Administration assailed
and defended. Interruptions to American Commerce by Great Bri-
tain. Impressment. Non-intercourse, and other plans of retaliation.
Non-importation Act. Trade with St. Domingo prohibited. Cum-
berland Road. Importation of Slaves. Removal of Judges. Expedi-
tion under Lewis and Clark. State of Parties.
181
CHAPTER IX.
1806-1807.
Efforts to make the purchase of Florida. Embassy to France. Letter
to Wilson C. Nicholas. Disposition of parties towards England and
France. Policy of the Administration. Letter to William Duane-
To the Emperor of Russia. Rival Candidates for the Presidency.
Letter to Mr. Monroe. Negotiation with England. The appropria-
tion of two millions. Letter to Mr. Gallatin. Annual Message. Pro-
poses amendments to the Constitution. Repeal of non-importation
law. Burr's Projects. Measures of the Administration to defeat
them. Bill for suspending the Habeas Corpus passes the Senate-
Rejected by the House. System of National Defence. Suppression
of African Slave Trade. Letter to John Dickinson-To Wilson C.
Nicholas.
202
CHAPTER X.
1807.
Negotiations and Treaty with England. Character of the Treaty.
The President declines submitting it to the Senate. Further nego-
tiations. Burr's Conspiracy. His Arrest and Trial. The Presi-
dent's Correspondence with the Attorney of the United States. The
right to summon the President. Conduct of the Federalists. Burr's
Acquittal. The British ship Leopard attacks the Frigate Chesapeake.
Popular excitement-measures of the Administration.-Demand of
satisfaction.-Prudent course pursued. Impost on wines. Appoint-
ment to Offices. Abuses of the Press. Cabinet Consultations. Let-
ter to Governor Sullivan. Sends his grandson to Philadelphia. His
Opinions on the Medical Science.-On removals from Office. The
Emperor Alexander.
223
CHAPTER XI.
1807-1808.
The President's Message to Congress. The attack on the Chesapeake,
and measures of the Administration. Proceedings of Congress. The
President sends a confidential Message to Congress, and recommends
an Embargo-adopted by Congress. Communicates proceedings in
Burr's trial. John Smith, Senator from Ohio. Correspondence be-
tween Mr. Monroe and Mr. Canning on the affair of the Chesapeake.
Arrival of Mr. Rose from England. Correspondence between him
and the Secretary of State. Party views. British Orders in Council.
Milan Decree. Mr. Madison and Mr. Monroe rival candidates for the
Presidency. Mr. Jefferson's course. His correspondence with Mr.
Monroe. British Orders in Council and French Decrees. Report of
Committee of Congress. Effects of the Embargo. Its policy consi-
dered. Policy of the Administration.
CHAPTER XII.
1808-1809.
246
The President's Message to Congress. The Foreign Relations of the
United States. Correspondence between the American Minister at
Paris and the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Mr. Madison's Corres-
pondence with Mr. Pinkney. Proceedings of Congress. The Em-
bargo. Inquiry as to the two millions appropriated for the purchase
of Florida. Effects of the Embargo. Measures of Defence. Embargo
taken off. Communication from Mr. J. Q. Adams. State of public
affairs. Review of Mr. Jefferson's Administration.
CHAPTER XIII.
1809-1810.
271
Mr. Jefferson returns to Monticello. Friendship between the President
and Ex-President. Complimentary Addresses. Schemes of passing
his time-how far successful. Pecuniary difficulties, and their cause.
His studies. Address from the Legislature of New York. Orders
the dismission of a prosecution for a libel against him. Mr. Erskine's
arrangement-its disavowal-his letter to the President. Vocabula-
ries of Indian Languages. Letter to the Spanish Minister. To Mr.
Gallatin. To Mr. Rodney. Kosciusko. His workshop. To Dr.
Jones on Cabinet consultations. His views of Napoleon's successes
-on the English Constitution-on British Policy. To J. B. Col-
vin. 296
CHAPTER XIV.
1813.
Poplar Forest. Mr. Jefferson's sentiments towards Great Britain. Let-
ter to Mr. Law. National Debt of England. Letter to Dr. Rush.
Renewal of Intercourse with Mr. Adams. Letter to Destutt Tracy.
Thoughts on the Federal and State Governments. Separation. Cor-
respondence with Mr. Adams. Letter to Mr. Maury-to the Presi-
dent. Common Law of England. On his return to public life.
Thoughts on Manufactures. On the party divisions of the United
States. General Washington. Letter to Madame de Stael. On a
Navy. Publication of his Letters to Dr. Priestley. Explanation to
Mr. Adams.
316
CHAPTER XV.
1813-1815.
Correspondence with Mr. Adams. On party divisions. On the true
principles of Christianity. On Aristocracy. His frank disclosure of
his opinions. His opinion of Napoleon. Letter to Dr. W. Jones.
Character of General Washington. To Mr. Cabell on the qualifica-
tions of Members of Congress. On the importance of Education, and
the division of the country into Wards. The latter policy examined.
Napoleon. Plato. Letter to Mr. Monroe. Capture of Washington.
Public Finances. To La Fayette. Political condition of France. His
feeling towards the English government and nation. Resigns the
office of President of the American Philosophical Society.
CHAPTER XVI.
1815-1816.
340
Letter to the President. To Mr. Adams. Napoleon's return to Paris.
Manufactures of the United States. Letter to Benjamin Austin. To
John Adams-the good and evil of life-the benefits of grief. To John
Tyler. Republican Government.. Instructions to Representatives.
Independence of the Judiciary. County Courts of Virginia. Exten-
sion of the Right of Suffrage. Federal Executive and Senate. Let-
ter to Mr. Crawford. The Drawback System-Regulation of the
Militia-Paper Money-Means of National Defence.
CHAPTER XVII.
364
1815-1817.
Mr. Jefferson's views of the Constitution of Virginia. Letter to Mr.
Kercheval. Distribution of power. Supposed wisdom of ancestors.
Periodical revisions of the Constitution. The subsequent Constitution
of Virginia compared with his views.
County Courts. Amendments of the
The right of representation for Slaves.
Independence of the Judiciary.
Constitution. Public Debts.
Letter to Mr. Adams. Sys-