ARITHMETIC. ARITHMETIC is the art of computing by numbersIts whole fuperftructure is founded on the first five rules: namely, Numeration, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Divifion. Numeration. NUMERATION teaches to read or write any number, there are ten figures called digits, viz:-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and o, which of itself fignifies nothing more than the abfence of other figures, when alone of no value. Figures valued from the right hand to the left, increase in a tenfold proportion, and are divided into periods and half periods. The period contains fix, and the half period three figures, which are marked thus-Period (.) half pe iod (,)— Obferve the following tables. Although the foregoing Tables may fuffice for common ufe, yet it may be neceffary to fhew that the power of numbers may be extended much further than nine numerical figures or characters. In order to do this, extend your period of millions to fix figures, then add Billions, Trillions, Quatrillions, &c. in the fame manner, which will appear more plain from a view of the following table. B Units Thousands C Thousands 6 65 672 5,678 56, 789 564, 876 4. 864, 872 II. 346, 678 348. 648, 648 4, 863.818, 161 12, 346. 567, 890 264, 864, 521, 213 1.348, 648. 348, 645 48. 648, 764. 265, 212 548.684, 253.486, 555 4, 144.684, 134. 145, 645 14, 865. 864, 586.418, 618 648, 618. 186, 458. 121, 642 I. 245, 678. 912, 164. 186, 134 21. 458, 645. 186, 458. 642, 161 748. 654, 164. 518, 648. 512, 121 4, 864. 186, 518. 237, 645. 123, 224 74, 846. 586, 486. 416, 182. 186, 671 864, 581. 237, 865. 848, 612. 347, 561 Examples in Numeration. Set down feventeen in figures, Forty-five, One hundred and two, Seven hundred and eleven,. Thirty-fix thoufand one hundred, Eight hundred thousand, Six hundred and forty-five thousand, One million and ten, Three million and seventy-fever. Seven million feven thoufand and fix, Ninety-nine million and feventy thousand It is indifpenfable that the pupil fhould practise in exam ples of the above nature, until he can fet them down at plea fure. Simple Addition. SIMPLE ADDITION fhews the method of finding the fum total of feveral numbers bearing the fame denomination. The different fums being fet down, units under units, tens under tens, &c. &c. begin with your right hand figure in the units line, add that line, confider how many tens are contained in it, and how many over; fet down what is over, and carry one for every ten to the next line, and fo with each of the reft, and you will have the fum total. PROOF. Cut off the top line, add the fum as before, fetting down the product in the fame manner under the former line, then add this fum and the top line together; when the work is right, they will produce the first sum total. Practical questions in Simple Addition. 1. Add 1676, 1384, 1260, 262, and three thousand fix hundred and thirty-fix together. 2. 6 Answer-8218. A man was born in the year 1794, when will he be 75 years of age? Anfwer-in 1869. From Richmond to Orfborne's it is diftant 15 miles, from thence to Petersburg 10, how far diftant is Petersburg from Richmond? Anfwer-25 miles. Your horfe is worth two hundred dollars, your chaise 450, and the harness 60 dollars, how much are they all worth? 4. Anfwer-710 dols. 5. If you have one hundred and 40 cows, 28 oxen, and 72 calves, how many cattle have you? Anfwer-240. 6. Suppose you have two fields in corn, one has 45000 hills, and the other 36118; what number have you in all? Answer-81118. 7. I have 6 hhds of tobacco weighing as follows, viz :No. 1, 1676, No. 2, 1501, No. 3, 1284, No. 4, 1167, No. 5, 1763 and No. 6, 900 lbs. what do they all weigh? Anfwer-8291 lbs. 8. If you have land valued at 7500 dollars, property in town valued at 1205 dols. and 1800 dols. in the Virginia Bank, what is your eftate worth? Anfwer-10505 dols. 9. In the city of Mofcow, in Ruffia, is a bell weighing 443.772 pounds, in Pekin, in China, another that weighs 120,000 pounds, and another in the fame country, at the city of Nankin that weighs 50,000 pounds; how much do they all weigh? Anfwer-613772 lbs. 10. If a merchant have owing to him on bond 1671. in book accounts 3467. in bills and notes 40. and have in cah 367. what is the amount? Anfwer-5545£• II. If you have 1676 eagles in one purfe, 167 in another, 17 in a third, and feventeen hundred and feventy-nine in a fourth; what number is there in them all? Anfwer-3639, 12. If from the creation of the world to the flood be 1650 years, from that to the calling of Abraham 427, from that to the building of the temple 909, thence to the founding of Rome 266, from that to the birth of our Saviour (Chrift) 752, and fince to the prefent year 1810; How many years fince the creation? Answer 5814. |