20. Beaumont. Francis Beaumont (1584-1616), an English dramatist and lyrist.

163. 29. Lyly. John Lyly (1554?-1606), an English dramatist and lyrist.

30. Kyd. Thomas Kyd (1557?-1595?), an Eng lish dramatist who wrote tragedies of blood.' Marlowe's mighty line. Christopher Marlowe (1564?1593), an English poet and dramatist. Marlowe's plays are written in sonorous blank verse.

the

33. Eschylus, Euripides, and Sophocles, great Greek writers of tragedy, of the 5th century B. C.

35. Pacuvius, a Roman tragic poet (c. 220-C. 129 B. C.). Accius, a Roman tragic poet (born c. 170 B. C.). him of Cordova, Seneca (c. 4 B. C.-65 A. D.), a Roman Stoic philosopher and writer of tragedy.

36. buskin, the cothurnus, or high boot, anciently worn by actors in tragedy.

37. socks. The sock (Latin soccus) was a light shoe worn by the ancient actors of comedy. 45. Apollo. Apollo, the god of light, was also patron of music and poetry.

46. Mercury, the messenger of the gods, noted for his versatility and power of fascination.

51. Aristophanes, greatest of the Greek comic poets (c. 448-c. 380 B. C.).

52. Terence, a celebrated Roman writer of comedy (c. 185-c. 159 B. C.). Plautus, a Roman writer of comedy (died 184 B. C.).

71. Swan of Avon, a reference to Shakspere's birthplace, Stratford-upon-Avon.

74. Eliza, Queen Elizabeth. James, James I.

A PINDARIC ODE

Pindar (c. 522-433 B. C.), the greatest of the Greek lyric poets, was especially famous for his odes. Sir Lucius Cary (c. 1610-1643) was a politician and a man of letters. He married the sister of Sir Henry Morison.

1. infant of Saguntum. Saguntum was a town in Spain besieged and taken by the great Carthaginian general, Hannibal, in 219 B. C. The story here recounted by Jonson was actually recorded by Pliny, the Roman historian.

9. summed, complete.

170. 8. Willy. In this song Browne is paying a tribute to William Ferrar, son of an eminent London merchant. The boy died young at sea. 171. 9. Thetis' train. Thetis was the mythical queen of the nereids, or sea-nymphs. 25. Arion-like. Arion, a Greek poet of Lesbos, flourished probably about 700 B. C. The story runs that while he was returning from a musical contest in Sicily, he was thrown into the sea by the sailors, but was saved and carried to shore by dolphins that had gathered about the ship to listen to his lyre.

DENHAM: ON MR. ABRAHAM COWLEY'S DEATH For selections from Cowley, see p. 183. 182. 7. Aurora, the dawn. Spenser. See above, pp. 104 ff.

10. Phabus, Apollo, god of poetry and music. 11. Jonson. See p. 161. Fletcher. See p. 168. 16. bays, wreaths.

35. Horace, Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65-8 B. C.), a famous Roman lyric and satirical poet. state, stateliness.

40. Jason. Jason with other Argonauts made an expedition to Colchis, in Asia, to obtain the Golden Fleece.

43. Flaccus, the Roman poet Horace.

44. The Theban Swan, Pindar (c. 522-443 B. C.), the greatest of the Greek lyric poets.

VIII. OF MARRIAGE AND SINGLE LIFE

51. impediments, hindrances, in the sense that they may deter a man from taking big risks. 190. a. 20. humorous, subject to humors, or moods. 29. churchmen, clergymen.

36. hortatives, exhortations.

44. exhaust, exhausted. The form Bacon uses is taken directly from the Latin past participle.

50. Ulysses refused to share immortality with the goddess Calypso, and returned home to his wife Penelope.

b. 4. a quarrel, a pretext or excuse.

5. one of the wise men. The saying quoted is ascribed by Plutarch and Montaigne to the Greek philosopher, Thales.

29. popular, democratic.

34. mountebanks, quacks who sell their medicines from public stages.

39. grounds, principles.

54. slight it over, make nothing of it.

192. a. 11. stale at chess, a drawn game which neither party wins.

XVII. OF SUPERSTITION

54. Augustus Casar, Emperor of Rome 31 B. C.14 A. D. civil, peaceful.

56. primum mobile, the origin or cause of motion, according to the old astronomy.

b. 5. Council of Trent, a great ecclesiastical council of the Roman Catholic Church held 15451563.

6. schoolmen. Mediæval philosophers.

XXIII.- OF WISDOM FOR A MAN'S SELF 50. shrewd, harmful. Bacon is wrong as to the fact.

52. waste, injure.

58. right earth, exactly like the earth. 193. a. 12. crooked, distorts, perverts.

13. essentric to, having a different center or motive from.

18. accessory, secondary.

29. bias, a weight inserted in a bowl to make it run in a curve.

38. and, if.

43. respect, consideration.

XXV. OF DISPATCH

b. 10. Affected, excessively desired.

24. false periods, apparent conclusions, which do not really end the matter.

31. a wise man. Sir Amyas Paulet.

32. byword, proverb.

55. moderator, presiding officer. 56. actor, speaker.

194. a. 4. curious, elaborate, highly wrought.

6. passages, transitions.

10. bravery, extravagance of dress, meant for show, not use.

11. being too material, keeping too close to the point.

XXVI. OF SEEMING WISE

46. the Apostle. Paul, 2 Timothy iii, 5. 51. magno conatu nugas. Quoted from Terence, the Roman writer of comedies.

55. prospectives, stereoscopes.

b. 14. bear it, carry their point. 16. by admittance, for granted. 17. make good, prove.

20. curious, trifling.

22. difference, distinction.

24. blanch the matter, gloss over or shirk the issue.

46. opinion, credit.

48. you were better, it would be better for you.

XXVIII.- OF EXPENSE

58. worth, importance.

195. a. 2. kingdom of heaven. See Matthew xix,

24.

XLII. OF YOUTH AND AGE

53. Septimius Severus, Roman Emperor 193-211 A. D.

54. it is said. By Spartianus.

198. a. 3. Cosmos, usually called Cosimo de' Medici, made Grand Duke of Tuscany, 1570.

Gaston De Foix, a celebrated French general, made Duke of Nemours in 1505.

6. composition, disposition, temperament. Young men, &c. Suggested by an observation of Plutarch.

12. them, old men (implied in age).

13. abuseth, deceives.

17. manage, management.

23. absurdly qualifies pursue. care, hesitate.

32. period, conclusion.

40. extern, external.

8. all (doctrines).

11. in diameter, in diametrical opposition. 13. improperations, taunts, reproaches.

15. difference, show the difference of.

20. am not scrupulous, do not hesitate.

22. in defect of ours, where ours do not exist.

44. morosity, moroseness.

49. violate, injure.

b. 12. consorts, companions.

15. questionless, unquestionably.

34. mediocrity, moderation.

46. difference myself, distinguish my opinions.

202. a. 7. humor, mood.

10. disproving, disapproving.

11. disavouched, disavowed.

12. Council of Trent. See 192. b. 5, note.

13. Dort. In the Netherlands, where a great Protestant Synod was held in 1618-19.

18. Geneva. The center of Protestantism on the European Continent.

20. scandal, objection.

28. the state of Venice had a dispute with Pope Paul V in 1606.

41. reaction, recrimination.

b. 28. Edipus solved the riddle of the Sphinx. 203. a. 10. Diogenes, the Cynic, a Greek philosophier (412-323 B. C.). Timen, of Athens, a famous misanthrope, contemporary with Socrates.

22. pia mater, a membrane enveloping the brain. 23. impossibilities, apparent impossibilities, difficulties calling for the exercise of faith.

29. O altitudo. A height beyond human comprehension.

35. Tertullian of Carthage, one of the fathers of the Church (2nd and 3rd centuries).

b. 18. expansed, spread out.

23. admire, wonder at.

27. the other (people), i.e., the Israelites. 204. a. 37. the chaos, i.e., before the Creation.

b. 24. away with, put up with.

51. temper, constitution.

52. crows and daws, proverbially long-lived birds. 205. a. 1. revolution of Saturn. The year of Saturn is 10,759 days.

10. canicular days, dog days. Latin. dies cani culares, the hottest days of summer, ascribed in ancient astrology to the malignant influence of the dog star.

27.

13. pantalones and antics, pantaloons and clowns. 28. Methuselah lived 969 years. See Genesis v,

29. rectify, straighten, improve. 30. incurvate, deteriorate.

55. Cicero says in his treatise On Old Age: I am not sorry to have lived: since I have so lived that I do not think I was born in vain.

b. 10. Eson, an old man in classical mythology whom Medea restored to youth by a magical bath.

13. providence, fores ght.

15. able temper, sound constitution.

16. radical humor, vital juice.

24. glome or bottom, a ball of thread.

206. a. 32. climate, a space measured on the earth's surface; England was in the eighth.

10. dastards, intimidates.

28. epidemical, common to all people.

b. 1. the world, the macrocosm which man,

the microcosm, resembles.

21. grammarian, student of Latin grammar. 23. construction, construing.

30. Babel. See Genesis xi, 1-9.

35. chorography, description of countries. 46. pointers, the Dipper.

53. simpled, collected simples, or herbs. Cheapside, a famous London herb market.

208. a. 9. Euripus, a strait dividing Attica from Euboea, where the tide, according to classical tradition, ebbed and flowed seven times a day. The story that Aristotle drowned himself there because he could not discover the cause of the phenomenon is discussed by Browne, along with the fable as to the death of Homer because he could not guess the fisherman's riddle, in Pseudodoxia epidemica, Bk. VII, ch. 13.

HYDRIOTAPHIA, URNBURIAL

209. b. 1. ossuaries, receptacles for bones. In this essay Browne discourses about some urns containing bones, dug up in Norfolk and supposed to be of Roman origin.

10. tutelary observators, guardian spirits of the place.

15. pyramidally, by means of a tombstone. 25. Atropos, the Greek Fate who cut the thread of human life.

31. meridian, the noon of the world's lifetime. 39. Charles V (1500-1558), Emperor of Germany. 47. Janus, facing past and future.

210. a. 25. Gruter, Dutch philologist (1560-1627). 35. Cardan, a celebrated Italian (1501-1576). 38. Hippocrates, famous Greek physician (460-357 B. C.).

42. entelechia, actual being, a term in the philosophy of Aristotle.