12. Sangreal, Holy Grail. 16. to-fore, before. 20. paynims, pagans. 24. Hector, son of Priam, and champion of the Trojans. 26. Alexander the Great (356-323 B. C.), the fa mous king of Macedon. b (col. 2). 1. Julius Cæsar (100-44 B. C.), the famous Roman general, statesman, and writer. 6. Joshua, the successor of Moses as leader of the Israelites. See the Book of Joshua. 7. behest, promise. 8. David, the second king of Israel, 1055-1015 B. C. 9. Judas Maccabæus (d. 160 B. C.), a famous Jewish patriot and warrior. 13. stalled, installed, placed. 18. Charlemagne, king of the Franks and emperor of the Romans. Crowned emperor, 800 A. D. 21. Godfrey of Boloine, Godefroy de Bouillon (1061-1100), a leader of the first Crusade. 24. King Edward the Fourth, king of England 1461-83. 25. instantly, insistently, earnestly. 20. a. 21. aretted, reckoned. 25. Glastonbury, a town in Somerset, England, seat of an abbey. 26. Polichronicon. Ranulf Higden (died c. 1363), a monk of Chester, wrote Polychronicon, a general history, in Latin. b. 1. Camelot, a legendary spot in England where Arthur was said to have had his court. 23. conning, knowledge, skill. 25. emprised, undertaken. 21. a. 28. gat, begot. 36. assotted, infatuated, besotted. b. 43. did do make, had made. 47. made a parliament, called a council. 57. prefixed, set, decided upon. 22. a. 6. longed, belonged. 12. garnished, furnished, supplied. 14. wist, heard, learned. 21. prevail, avail. 29. sithen, afterward. 37. book and bell and candle, a reference to for mal ecclesiastical curses. 49. orgulist, most arrogant, insolent. b. 1. sonds, messages. 12. made write, had written. 18. depraved, calumniated, vilified. 34. term, length of time. 46. new-fangle, fickle. 58. carracks, large, round-built vessels. 23. a. 1. let, prevent. 20. still, always. 39. read, tell. 28. a. 55. let, prevent. b. 10. hard bestead, hard pressed. 21. unhap, misfortune. 35. will my worship, wish my honor. 43. spered, asked, inquired. 29. a. 4. dole, alms. 14. Requiem, the mass for the dead, the first words of the Introit being Requiem aeternam dona eis. 19. dured, lasted. 29. sithen, since. 32. disease, trouble. 50. still, always, constantly. 53. boot, use, advantage. b. 30. wrack, ruin. 30. a. 4. perfection, the religious or monastic life. 21-2. gray or white, referring to the habit, or costume. 52. assoil, absolve. b. 10-11. overthwart and endlong, across and up and down. 28. still, continually. 30. lust, desire. 43. took no force, paid no heed. 50. by then, when. 53. purvey, provide. 53. horse bier, bier drawn by horses. 31. a. 12. yede, went. 35. Dirige. An antiphon in the office for the dead begins with the word Dirige ('direct'). 37. brenning, burning. 53. cered cloth of Raines, waxed cloth of Raines (in Brittany). b. 13. careful, troubled. 15. orgulity, arrogance, pride. 32. dwined, dwindled. 48. steven, voice. 49. longeth, belong. 50. need you, be necessary to you. 55-6. will into, wills to go into. 58. houseled, given the Eucharist. 32. a. 1. anealed, anointed. 30. dretching of swevens, tormenting of dreams. 53. quire, choir. 58. worship, honor, dignity. b. 45. rest, a loop or hook attached to the armor, to steady the spear in a charge. 33. a. 18. favor of makers, fabrication of poets. 22. quick, alive. ENGLISH AND SCOTTISH POPULAR ROBIN HOOD AND GUY OF GISBORNE Although tradition has peristently maintained that Robin Hood was actually a historical character of the early 14th century, the early historians seem to have had no information concerning him except what they found in the ballads themselves. In any case, whatever his origin, Robin Hood was the hero of ballads of outlawry as early as 1377. His generosity, fair-dealing, tenderness, and wit subsequently established him as a true English hero, 38. 1. shawes, groves. sheene, beautiful. shradds. coppices. 5. woodweele, woodlark. 6. a lyne, of linden. 7. wight, stout. 10. froe, from. 12. wrocken, avenged. towe, two. 13. Sweavens, dreams. 17. Buske, dress, prepare. bowne, prepare. 39. 29. capull-hyde, horse-hide. 36. farley, strange. 39. ken, know. 40. And, if. 43. bale, evil. 50. slade, valley. 52. stockes, wooden blocks, stumps. 27. ton, one. 29. red, advice, course. 33. departe, separate. 37. distrayne, distress. 35. 45. leve, stay, remain. 47. anoon, at once. 49. rede, advise. 56. Crist his, Christ's. mayne, strength. 59. veiwe, yew. 60. ffetteled, prepared. 63. Woe worth thee, woe be to thee. 66. boote, help. 77. tane, taken. 58. parte, share. 59. thoo, those. 64. lyeve, live. 65. than, then. 71. ony, any. 75. rescous, rescue. 82. greeve, grieve, hurt, wound. 88. rove, roof. 89. than, then. 91. Syth, since. 93. 00, one. 36. 94. perdé, French par dieu, less strong than 'by God.' 97. lust, desire, wish. 103. dere, animals. 104. vitayle, victuals, food. 88. lyne, linden. 95. wilfull, astray. 96. tyde, time. 161. awkwarde, back-handed. 41. 186. lowe, hill. 222. boote, help. 224. rawstye, rusty. 234. in twinn, in twain. ROBIN HOOD'S DEATH AND BURIAL 3. broom, a kind of shrub. 12. win, go. 42. 48. dree, endure, hold out. 53. boon, favor. THE BATTLE OF OTTERBURN During the reign of Richard II (1377-1399), the Scots frequently harried in the northern part of England. In 1388 an army of Scots, under James, Earl of Douglas, besieged Newcastle for three days. At this time Douglas met Harry Percy, Hotspur,' in single combat, captured his lance and banner, and boasted that he would raise the banner on the Scottish castle at Dalkeith. Percy collected a force, pursued the Scots, and attacked them at night in a hand to hand fight, at Otterburn, near the frontier. Although Douglas was killed, the English were defeated and Percy was taken prisoner. 1. Lamasse, Lammas, August 1st. ity.' 'And cross himself in the name of the Trin 181. perte, part, side. 183. lucettes, pikes (fish). 199. swapped, smote. whyll that the, until they. 200. collayne, Cologne steel. 45. 201. bassonnettes, steel caps, helmets. 202. roke, reek, steam. 210. rede, guessed. 215. thee, they. beette, beat. 218. stounde, hour, time. 225. eke a, every. 229. freke, man. 230. stowre, battle. 231. drye, endure. 238. Grysely, fearfully. 263. Seyng, seeing. 268. makes, mates, husband. fette, fetched. 276. borowed, ransomed. CAPTAIN CAR OR EDOM O GORDON Adam Gordon was deputy, in 1571, for Queen Mary in the north of Scotland, where he encoun tered the hostility of the Forbeses, who supported the king's party. On one occasion he sent his soldiers to take the castle of Towie in the queen's name. After the lady of the house had refused, the eager soldiers were commanded by their leader, Captain Ker, to set fire to the castle. Tradition has it that the lady and twenty-seven others were burned to death. 1. Martynmas, Nov. 11th. 4. holde, castle. 46. 5. Syck, sike, sick. to-towe, too-too. 9. wether, whither. 17. lend, leaned. |