xiv. a. 19. lady of the Scyldings, Wealtheow. 41. Hrethric and Hrothmund, see genealogical table.

56. carcanets, circlets of gold and jewels.

b. 3. necklace of the Brisings, originally the famous necklace of the goddess Freyja.

7. grandson of Swerting, see genealogical table. 11. feud with the Frisians. A reference to the raid of Hygelac into the territory of the Frisians about 512 A.D. Hygelac was killed in this expedition. See p. i.

24. Brook, use, enjoy, wear,

28. these boys, Wealhtheow's sons, Hrethric and Hrothmund.

IV. a. 28. beldam, hag.

29. troll-wife, giantess.

b. 24. blood-sprent, blood-sprinkled.

32. his chiefest thane, Eschere; see text, Section xx.

xvi. a. 13. quell, kill.

28. mark-stalkers, boundary-stalkers.

45. rimy, covered with hoar-frost.

b. 41. crull-maned, curly-maned.

45. weald, any open country.

47. warlock, monster.

52. scion of Ethelings, Beowulf.

xvii. a. 57. Hrothgar's orator, Unferth. b. 11. Ecglaf's son, Unferth.

37. Hild, personification of battle. 41. master of the Goths Hygelac.

.

Hrethel's son,

48. damasked, ornamented with patterns. xviii. a. 30. carline, old woman.

46. damascened, ornamented with patterns.
b. 34. eotenish, fit for an eoten, or giant.
41. Fetelhilt, 'chain-hilt,' i.e. the sword.
46. bill, sword,

xix. a. 34. gold-friend, Hrothgar.

IX. a. 42. Scania, used as the name of the Danish kingdom.

b. 17. Heremod, a Danish king, stock example of a bad ruler.

18. descendants of Ecgwela, the Danes. Nothing is known of Ecgwela.

54. carking, vexatious.

xxi. a. 43. eftsoons, very soon. 47. eld, old-age.

b. 12. settle, seat.

xxii. a. 23. whilom, formerly.

32. Hrethric, elder son of Hrothgar.

45. Hrethel, see genealogical table.

b. 5. gannet, a water bird.

31. gold-bedight, adorned with gold. 49. bachelors, young knights.

xxiii. a. 25. hithe-warden, guard of the harbor.

40. Consequently, etc. The passage omitted from the present text contains as its chief item Beowulf's account to Hygelac of his encounter with Grendel and with Grendel's mother. At the end of the omitted passage we are informed of the death of Hygelac.

46. ethel-warden, prince.

b. 54. intayled, engraved, cut in. xxiv. b. 19. fire-gleeds, fire-flames. XXV. a. 27. Beowulf uttered, etc.

The omitted passage contains an account of certain of Beowulf's former achievements.

b. 14. burn, streamlet.

18. prince of the Storm-Goths, Beowulf. 39. hoised, raised.

xxvi. a. 33. Scylfings, the reigning Swedish dynasty. 39. Wagmundings, the family to which Beowulf and Wiglaf belonged.

b. 15. mead, a strong fermented drink, containing honey.

30. our liege lord behooves, is needful to our liege lord.

37. Me thinketh it, it seems to me.

xxvii. a. 11. gleeds, flames.

xxviii. b. 25. brook, use, wear.

xxix. b. 12. escheat, revert to former owners.

51. Hugas, a name for the Franks.

53. Hetware, the tribe against whom Hygelac made the raid in which he was killed. See p. i, Introduction.

XXX. a. 3. the Merwing, i.e., the Frankish king.

8. Ongentheow slew Hathcyn, etc. 'Onela and Ohthere are sons of Ongentheow, and often raid Geatland [i.e. the land of Hygelac and Beowulf]; Hæthcyn replies with a raid on Swedish soil. He seizes Ongentheow's queen. But the old king follows the foe, defeats him, and kills Hæthcyn, whose men are in desperate case, surrounded by enemies in Ravenswood. But now comes Hygelac with another Geatish army defeats the Swedes, whose queen again is captured, and besieges Ongentheow in his citadel. Ongentheow is finally killed by Eofor, whose brother Wulf has been disabled in fierce fight with the desperate old hero. Eofer is then married to Hygelac's daughter.' (Gummere.) See genealogical tables above.

10. Scylfings, Swedes.

b. 25. Hygelac's valiant thane, Eofor.

53. bestowed upon Eofor his only daughter. See genealogical table above.

xxxii. a. 29. ruck, mess, clutter.

SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT

The translation is that of Miss Jessie L. Weston. xxxiv. a. 11. Romulus. According to Roman tradi tion, Romulus founded Rome in 753 B. C.

14. Ticius. The person intended cannot be identified with certainty.

568,

15. Langobard. The Germans who, in founded the kingdom of Lombardy in Northern Italy were called in Latin, Langobardi.

16. Felix Brutus, Brutus, the great-grandson of Eneas, the fabled founder of the kingdom of Britain. The name Felix may be the invention of the writer.

31. Camelot, a legendary spot in England where Arthur is said to have held his court.

b. 3. carols, dances accompanied by song. 33. Tars, a name of uncertain identification. This place is often mentioned in medival literature as famous for silks and tapestries.

XXXV. a. 28. Agravain à la dure main, Agravain of the hard hand.

xxxvi. a. 20, mustered, surveyed.

38. doubt, fear.

xxxvii. b. 3. redest, understandest or, perhaps, advisest.

xxxviii. b. 6. dossal, a hanging of rich, heavy cloth, against the wall.

xxxix. a. 8. Michaelmas, Sept. 29.

11. All Hallows Day, Nov. 1.

57. cuisses, armor for the thighs.
b. 1. byrnie, coat of mail.
7. surcoat, an outer garment.
9. bawdrick, a kind of belt.

32. ventail, a movable piece of armor extending downward from the front of the helmet.

xliv. a. 17. solace, pleasure.

27. waked, kept awake, sat up. xlv. a. 46. rede, advise.

xlvi. a. 49. tale, number, sum.

xlviii. b. 52. prime, probably about 9 o'clock. xlix. a. 29. spinney, a clump of trees or shrubs. 1. a. 24. marks. A mark was reckoned at approximately 13 shillings.

b. 37. assoiled, absolved, shrived.

li. b. 11. deal the doom of my weird, to suffer the judgment of my fate.

lii. a. 13. did on, put on.