LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1896. CONTENT 8.-N° 247. NOTES:—' Hudibras,' 229-Puritanism in Essex, 231-Forename and Surname Books - Discovery of Book, 232"Arles "Jolly"-Jews in Fulham - Guêpins-Discovery at Peterborough Cathedral, 233-Family Tradition -Relic of Ancient Shoreditch-"Ruled by the moon "Heautarit"-Indexes-"God save the King," 234. " eminent master. It certainly cannot be charged against Hogarth that he himself ever attempted in any way to justify his action in adapting the earlier series of cuts. It is most probable that he acted under direct instructions from the publishers who employed him, and, doubtless, in carrying out their wishes, he never for a moment considered that he QUERIES:—" Mandrill"; "Drill"- Memoirs of a Gentle- acted otherwise than in a legitimate and perfectly woman'-John Singer-Finger-holders-Joseph Jeakes-justifiable manner. This much is willingly conGopher-Cowdray An officer and a gentleman"-Rev. ceded; it is an open question, upon which every Samuel Sanderson, 235-St. Patrick's Purgatory-Mrs. Jameson-"From Adam's Fall to Huldy's Bonnet". student has a right to form an independent opinion, Thomas Cheeseman-William Smith-Knights Templars the point at issue being purely a question of fact. Thomas Llywelyn - Kimpton - Margery Moorpout "Gouge and Whistle "-"Auld Wife Hake"-Rectors of The discovery of a series of figures in the first Lee, 238-Weather Lore-Carlyle's Window-pane Verse-plate of the set issued in the edition of 1710 by Barons Stawell-Trilby-Archbishop Warham-Hungate, 241-"Vidonia"- Robin Adair': 'Bobbie Shafto'-FerrarCollett Relics-"Those who live in glass houses," &c., 242 -Victor Hugo's Désintéressement' Visiting Cards Pope's Villa at Twickenham, 243-Gibbet Hill-Tea as a Meal-"Marcella," 244-Tout Family-Pilgrim FathersSir John Gresham - Miraculous Statues, 245-St. Uncumber-Pye-house-Fauntleroy-London Topography: Pentonville, 246. THE FIRST ILLUSTRATIONS TO HUDIBRAS,' The remarkable similarity between the set of small designs to Butler's Hudibras,' by William Hogarth, published in 1726, and the anonymous series in the edition of 1710, published by John Baker, has upon more than one occasion been the subject of comment and controversy. It was not, however, until recently that any one had the courage to suggest as an explanation that the creator of the first series and the artist of the series of 1726 were one and the same; in short, that William Hogarth, when a lad of thirteen years, invented the series of illustrations published, it is generally supposed for the first time, in 1710, and simply redressed them for the edition of 1726. The only evidence in support of this suggested solution of what appears to be a serious piracy is quoted from the title-page of the 1726 edition, which states that the work is "Adorn'd with a new set of cuts Design'd and Engrav'd by Mr. Hogarth." But surely this simple statement cannot be fairly interpreted as a claim by Hogarth to the authorship of the earlier series; and, indeed, to advance such a claim on his behalf in the face of the accepted facts concerning the artist's early career, with which every student of his life is perfectly familiar, only tends to injure the reputation of the interesting designs seven years before Hogarth was born, i. e., in 1689-90; but it naturally at once raises the wider and more interesting ques tion, whether this edition of 1710 is actually the first illustrated edition of 'Hudibras,' as generally accepted, or whether, in fact, the same plates appeared in an edition published twenty years earlier. What are the accepted facts relative to the various editions of 'Hudibras'? The first part was published in 1663, the second part in 1664, and the third part not until 1678. Two years later, on 25 Sept., 1680, the gifted author, Samuel Butler, died. Between this date and 1710 at least six editions of 'Hudibras' were published by different booksellers, and in the year 1710 the first illustrated edition that can be traced in England was published by John Baker, at the Black Boy, in Paternoster Row. It seems evident that about the same time the associated booksellers Chiswell, Tonson, Horne, and Wellington had an illustrated edition already in the press, and the publication of an almost identical edition by Baker must, therefore, have come upon them with considerable surprise. In due course, however, their edition was also published, and on the same day the following advertisement appeared in the Tatler : 'Catalogue of Satirical Prints,' in which this edition is given the second place and the cuts stated to be copies of those in the edition announced in the above advertisement. figures in the centre of the foreground of the picture about half an inch from the bottom of the plate. To the best of my judgment these figures are "89-1690," the "89" being exactly above the 90," and representing the actual date of the engraving of the series of plates reproduced in this edition. It may be said that these markings are merely accidental flourishes of the pen or graver; that they are similar to marks in other parts of the Part L. Canto I. Page 12. The remarkable feature of these two 1710" editions is that both are "Adorn'd with cuts" of identical design though reproduced by different engravers; a simple matter of course if, as it has been suggested, a friendly trade arrangement had Part L. Canto I. Page 12. The same Plate with a portion of the foreground cleared away to relieve the figures. same plate, and have, indeed, no value. Against any such contention one may reasonably argue that there is no necessity for the marks where they are placed; that there are distinct indications of six figures and the remains of a seventh, the latter being the lower portion of the figure "6" belonging to the upper row of figures; and that, whilst any one will readily admit that two, or even three, of the figures may reasonably be accidental flourishes, it is scarcely probable that six would be, and it is surely more than an accident that these marks appear so like figures that they can be read by the naked eye with little difficulty. Hitherto it has been supposed that the illustrations in the second of the 1710 editions were pirated" from the first; but this would scarcely seem to be the fact, as, apparently, the edition of the associated booksellers was already in preparation when Baker's edition appeared. After a careful review of all the circumstances and conditions under which the two 1710 editions were published, one is led to the conclusion that there must have been an illustrated edition already known in England, and that John Baker was fortunate enough to procure the original plates of this for his edition, whilst the associated booksellers had to reproduced theirs from the copies in circulation. There is a very considerable difference in the quality of the engravings of the two sets, and the figures referred to only appear in the plate belonging to Baker's series. As many English books were printed at Amsterdam and the Hague about this period, it is probable that the first illustrated edition of Hudibras' was published in Holland; but necessarily until further light is thrown upon the mystery, this must remain an open question. WOOD SMITH, P.S.-I give herewith a facsimile reproduction of the plates from Baker's edition of Hudibras,' 1710, part of the foreground in one being cleared away to relieve the figures constituting the supposed date. [See 4th S. x. 431; xi. 103, 205, 263, 332,] PURITANISM IN ESSEX IN THE TIME OF Much light is thrown on this subject by Strype's account, in his "Life of Archbishop Parker,' of what took place in Essex in the early years of Queen Elizabeth. It will be remembered that at that time the queen was dissatisfied that so limited a compliance was shown by the clergy with the regulations which had been established by law at the beginning of the reign for the performance of divine service in the parish churches. She took offence at the babits-the surplice, the cap, square or round, and the tippet-being so often laid aside, and at other variations from the established order being practised by so many of the parochical ministers. A list of such varieties found among Cecil's MSS., dated 1564, is given by Strype, showing unauthorized interpolations and changes in the services the holy table standing in different places; the sacrament administered in some cases with a chalice, in others with a communion cup, in a third set of instances with a common cup; the elements received by some kneeling, by others standing or sitting; some baptize in a basin, others in the font; and so on. The queen, thinking these divergences from the prescribed order dangerous to the stability of the Churcb, made known her will in a letter to Archbishop Parker, in which the archbishop is straitly charged to take measures for bringing about more uniformity. Upon this certain articles were devised for that purpose by the archbishop and the other bishops; but they found great difficulty in procuring the desired obedience to the queen's injunctions. An account is given by Strype of the conduct of the Puritans in Essex. The archbishop had appointed a Mr. Richard Kechyn to a benefice near Bocking, and upon his admission had charged him to follow the order established by law and to make no variation in the services. But there was a Puritan licensed preacher, a Mr. Holland, curate of Bocking, who came into the parish to preach-as he seems to have had a right, real or supposed, to do-on the Sunday following Rogation week. There in his sermon he made remarks on the conduct and opinions of the minister of the parish. Mr. Kechyn, it appears, had perambulated the parish in Rogation week, and had been accompanied in walking the bounds by certain women belonging to the place, who said "Amen" (as they had been accustomed to do) to the prayers which were said at certain points and also to the curses, one of which, appointed by the injunctions to be said, was, "Cursed is he that translateth the bounds and dolls* of his neighbour." pretended to have the queen's authority for calling this an unlawful custom, and he laboured to confute what might be said in favour of it. Moreover, Mr. Kechyn had an opinion that it was not desirable to preach on predestination in ordinary assemblies, but held that such deep points had better be left to be dealt with by the learned; should and ought to be preached in every place whereas Mr. Holland, in his sermon, said that it and before all congregations, and that those who declined to handle it were enemies to God and the eternal predestination. Mr. Kechyn was obnoxious to the Puritans because he wore the surplice and turned his face to the high altar in saying the service. Mr. Holland was supported by the Dean of Bocking, who held the same views and claimed some jurisdiction over Kechyn and other ministers thereabouts. This man In these circumstances, Mr. Kechyn thought ft to draw up a letter, that the archbishop might be made acquainted with the irregularities practised by the Puritans in that neighbourhood; and he inquired particularly whether the archbishop permitted this minister by his license to preach out of his cure. It appears that these preachers called Mr. Kechyn had themselves English Doctors. strong reason, he said, to question Mr. Holland's claims to learning, though he quoted Latin in his *"Doles, dools, slips of pasture left between the furrows of ploughed lands."-N. Bailey. Bermons and would be thought to be a doctor. The title English Doctors was assumed by Puritan preachers in allusion to a passage in St. Paul's epistles, Eph. iv. 11. One would think many of them were unconscious of the original source whence the word doctors was derived in this passage, viz., the Vulgate. They required the aid of a learned professor, who, with his usual politeness, would have made no scruple in charging them with unconscious falsehood. Unconscious they may have been; but the charge of falsehood would hardly have been brought against them even in those days when there was so much laxity in the employment of objectionable expressions. We know the archbishop had information of a similar character with regard to what was going on in other counties, and he would feel that the queen had not acted without good reason for her personal intervention. Personal we know it was; and had the Puritans behaved with more moderation they would not have attracted her notice and certainly would not have been molested as they were, rather by royal than by episcopal intervention, though the bishops were the instruments by which the royal supremacy was exercised. K. P. N. FORENAME AND SURNAME BOOKS. (Bee 5th S. vii. 443, 488, 502; viii. 195, 379; 8th S. v. 443.) May I supplement the contributions of your correspondent MR. FRED. W. FOSTER with the following, some of which are from my own collection? Banffshire Year Book and County Directory. Banff, 1893. (Gives lists of Tee-names.) Bardsley (Charles W.), Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature. Chatto & Windus, Piccadilly, 1880, crown 8vo. Bardsley, M.A. (Charles W.), The Romance of the London Directory. London, 'Hand and Heart' Publishing Offices. Ferguson, M.P. (Robert), Surnames as a Science. London, George Routledge & Sons, 1883. Bannister, LL.D. (Rev. John), A Glossary of Cornish Names, Ancient and Modern, Local, Family, Personal, &c. 20.000 Celtic and other names, now or formerly in use in Cornwall. London and Edinburgh, Williams & Norgate; Truro, J. R. Netherton, 7, Lemon Street. Lordan (C. L.), Of Certain English Surnames and their occasional odd Phases when seen in Groups. London, Houlston & Sons. MS. Index of Names in Burke's 'Commoners,' compiled by Geo. Ormerod, 8vo., 1840. Lincolnshire and the Danes, by G. 8. Streatfield, medium 8vo., 1884. With Lists of Personal Names and Glossary. Dissertation on the Names of Persons, by J. H. Brady, post 8vo., 1822. Scottish Surnames, by Jas, Paterson, small 4to., 1866. Reflections on Names and Places in Devonshire, small 8vo., 1845. The Sinclairs of England. Trübner, 1887. Matheson (Robert E), Official. Varieties and Synonymes of Surnames and Christian Names in Ireland, for the guidance of Registration Officers and the Public in searching the Indexes of Births, Deaths, and Marriages. (Published by Authority of the Registrar-General.) Dublin, for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1890. Gomme (G. Laurence), Index of Municipal Offices, compiled from the Appendixes to the First Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the Municipal Corporations in England and Wales, 1835. London, published for the Index Society by Longmans, Green & Co., Wagner (L.), More about Names. London, Unwin, 8vo. 1879. Edinburgh Surnames (a Curious and Humorous Arrangement of, in Systematic and Scientific Order), containing the names of about 800 persons in Edinburgh and vicinity, with their professions, addresses, &c., post 8vo., 1825. Dictionaire des Noms, contenant la recherche Etymologique de 20,200 Noms, reléves sur les Annuaires de Paris, by Loredan Larchey, post 8vo., 1880. Collection of English Surnames, arranged under DerivaNomologia Anglicana. A very Extensive and Curious tives and Relatives; i. e., Names forming a Subject, Names derived from Meat, Fish, Colours, Spices. Towns, Gardening, Waters, &c., thick folio, eighteenth century. This is a most singular work, seemingly compiled from a careful study of some early London directory, and consisting of two hundred and twentyfive pages (written on one side only). Pamphlets and Newspaper Articles. Inman (Thomas), On the Antiquity of Certain Christian and other Names. Transactions of the Liverpool Literary and Philosophical Society. Picton, F.S.A. (J. A.), On the Use of Proper Names in Philological and Ethnological Inquiries. Transactions of the Liverpool Literary and Philosophical Society. Fishwick, F.S.A. (Henry), Rochdale Surnames. Transactions of the Rochdale Literary and Scientific Society, vol. iii., 1891-2. Welsh Surnames; being a paper read, in Welsh, before the Young Men's Literary Society of the Tabernacle Chapel, King's Cross, London, by T. E. Morris, 2, Brick Court, Temple, E. C. Printed in the Oswestry Advertiser, September, 1893. Wrexham. GEORGE FRater. DISCOVERY OF A UNIQUE BOOK.-The discovery of so rare a book should be of sufficient general interest to warrant an insertion in N. & Q': "Mr. William May, the Librarian of the Birkenhead Free Libraries, has just made, in a curious way, a discovery of a very rare and early printed book, of which only one other copy is known to exist. The matter is certain to cause considerable excitement in literary quarters and among both collectors and bibliographers. Mr. May was examining a collection of books belonging to a Birkenhead solicitor, with a view of casting aside those which were worthless, when he was gladdened by the sight of a black-letter book bound at the end of another early printed work. Upon careful and exhaustive examination he found the treasure-trove was & copy of Bonaventure's 'Speculum Vite Christi,' as it is spelt in the original. This was printed' by Wynkyn de Worde in 1494, the year when he returned to the use of Caxton's types, and it is the only book proper in which Caxton's No. 7 type was ever used, it having been confined to the printing of Indulgences, &c. Until Mr. May's discovery, the only copy known to collectors was that in the possession of the Earl of Leicester, at Holkham, where Williain Roscoe discovered so many valuable MSS. and early books. In the Lambeth Palace Archi episcopal Library four leaves of the book are amongst its rarest specimens, and it is from these precious leaves that Mr. Gordon Duff has had to take his example for his Facsimiles of Early English Printing,' which he has just published. "JOLLY" USED ADVERBIALLY.-In Annandale's Imperial Dictionary' it is stated that "Jolly, in popular slang, is now used in the sense of great; as a jolly muff; and, as an adverb, in the sense of very, very much, remarkably; as jolly green, jolly drunk. jolly big toadstool.'-Thackeray.” 'Oh, Miss P., look here! I've got such a -- and downe the dortor staires, and the water-tankard "O! it will make them jolly long-winded, to trot vp will keep vnder the insurrection of their shoulders.” F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. It is unlikely that the Earl of Leicester's copy has ever been exhibited or examined by competent bibliographere, as no collation seems to have appeared in print. The title of the work does appear in the catalogue of the Cax-I wish to point out that the adverbial use of jolly ton Exhibition held in London in 1877, but the lender's is not modern. The following passage is from name is not given, leaving little doubt that it was put in 'Pierce Pennilesse,' 1592, p. 51, ed. 1842:the catalogue simply to complete the list, but the lordly owner held the book too dear to lend it for exhibition. Mr. May's copy has remained in obscurity for so long that it was impossible it should escape damage, and as a matter of fact it has evidently been used for a children's scrap-book. To what base uses,' indeed! The binder has been almost as great a vandal as the child-amuser, for he has cut far into the side-notes in several places. The exact number of leaves in the complete book seems to be unknown, but the newly-found copy contains 108, and lacks leaves preceding the signature C iii. and all following R iii. What renders the work of such unique interest is the employment of Caxton's rare No. 7 type for the side-notes, which terminate at the signature H, the rest of the notes being in the same type as the text. The No. 7 type was discovered by the late Henry Bradshaw, who, on seeing a photograph of an Indulgence in Trinity College Library, Dublin, asserted that to quote Mr. Gordon Duff's work-It was printed in an unknown type of Caxton's, basing his opinion on its manifest similarity in appearance to types 3 and 5. This opinion he communicated at once to Blades (Mr. Blades was the authority on Caxton), who, however, for some reason refused to accept it without further corroboration. A short time afterwards Bradshaw produced further and almost absolutely conclusive evidence. He noticed that in the Lambeth leaves printed in Wynkyn de Worde's type the side-notes were printed in the type of the Indulgence. It has since been found that these leaves belong to an edition printed in 1494 by Wynkyn de Worde, of which the only known copy is in a private collection'-the Earl of Leicester's. "From the latest discovered copy many more important facts may be gleaned. For example, six Biblical woodcuts appearing throughout the work prove that De Worde used these blocks of Caxton's. There are in this copy fifteen large cuts of great beauty, measuring 3 by 24 inches, the pictures illustrating the Raising of Lazarus, Christ and the Elders, the Crucifixion, the Ascension, and other incidents. There are also four smaller cuts similar to those in Caxton's earlier Speculum.' The copy is Mr. May's property, and is now in his possession." Dublin. W. A. HENDERSON. "ARLES."-This is the name given to a sum bestowed on a servant in earnest of his wages. John Knox, in a letter to Mrs. Elizabeth Bowes, says: "Sumtyme He dois turne away his face apeirandlie evin frome his elect, and than ar thai in anguische and cair; but mercifulliere turnis He unto thame, and gevis gladnes and consolatioun; whilk, albeit it remane but the twinkling of ane eie, yit is it the arlis-penny of his eternall presence. Rejois, Sister, and continew."'Works of Knox,' ed. by Laing, vol. iii. p. 356. EARLY JEWS IN FULHAM.-It may interest MR. FERET to be informed that Jews resided in this locality a few years before the general expulsion in 1290. The records furnish the names of Cress de Fulham and Folham 1275–1277, Mendant de Fuleham 1277, and Moses de Fuleham 1286. The last-mentioned went into exile, and resided in the Rue Neuve of Paris in 1294-6. The document containing this name makes a rare bungle over this individual, and equally fails to understand that Mahy de Quirquelarde (sic) is none other than a certain Moses (Moey) of Cricklade, late an English Jew, then resident in the same spot in Paris. M. D. DAVIS. GUEPINS, AND JOAN OF ARC.-The following paragraph, from the Daily News of 4 Aug., is interesting, but it would be still more interesting to know if the blessed Jean d'Arc really did charm bees. Who but Mr. Andrew Lang can say ? M. Jules Lemaître, the French academician, dramatist, novelist, and dramatic critic, has been giving away the prizes at the Lycée of Orleans. During his speech he spoke of himself as a Guêpin, the nickname for the Orléanais. The word dates (our Paris correspondent says) from the siege of Orleans. Joan of Arc seems to have known how to charm bees. During a hot fight between French and English she was looking on from a point of vantage. The English were getting near enough to use scaling ladders. Joan saw beehives in a garden, and, rapidly seizing on them one by one, carried them to the outwork and threw them down on the heads of the English. They at once fled. Burgundians among them cried, Les Guêpes! les Guêpes!' taking them for wasps. The Orléanais were therefore nicknamed Guêpins, or little wasps. There does not, however, seem any authority save that of tradition for the story.' JAMES HOOPER. Norwich DISCOVERY AT PETERBOROUGH CATHEDRAL.The following is a cutting from the Peterborough news in the Stamford Mercury of 7 Aug. :— cathedral have made a curious discovery while under"The workmen engaged upon the west front of the pinning part of the west front. They came upon some large pieces of carved Alwalton marble, which had evidently been used for the purpose of strengthening the foundations by the mediaval builders. On being pieced together they were found to make a portion of an enor mous marble basin, between twenty and thirty feet in |