Pragmatics and Natural Language UnderstandingPsychology Press, 1996 - 186 Seiten This book differs from other introductions to pragmatics in approaching the problems of interpreting language use in terms of interpersonal modelling of beliefs and intentions. It is intended to make issues involved in language understanding, such as speech, text, and discourse, accessible to the widest group possible -- not just specialists in linguistics or communication theorists -- but all scholars and researchers whose enterprises depend on having a useful model of how communicative agents understand utterances and expect their own utterances to be understood. Based on feedback from readers over the past seven years, explanations in every chapter have been improved and updated in this thoroughly revised version of the original text published in 1989. The most extensive revisions concern the relevance of technical notions of mutual and normal belief, and the futility of using the notion 'null context' to describe meaning. In addition, the discussion of implicature now includes an extended explication of "Grice's Cooperative Principle" which attempts to put it in the context of his theory of meaning and rationality, and to preclude misinterpretations which it has suffered over the past 20 years. The revised chapter exploits the notion of normal belief to improve the account of conversational implicature. |
Inhalt
1 What Is Pragmatics and Why Do I Need to Know Anyway? | 1 |
2 Indexicals and Anaphora Contextually Identifiable Indeterminacies of Reference | 17 |
3 Reference and Indeterminacy of Sense | 37 |
Interpreting the Packaging of Propositional Content | 65 |
5 Implicature | 89 |
6 Pragmatics and Syntax | 133 |
7 Conversational Interaction | 147 |
8 Perspective | 165 |
References | 167 |
181 | |
184 | |
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addressee addressee's Aitchberg ambiguous analysis anaphoric assertion assumed assumption behavior chapter clause conform constructions context conventional conversational implicature convey Cooperative Principle coreference damned Dana deictic described discourse discussion entity example expect fact factive goals Green Grice hearer illocutionary acts illocutionary force implies indexical expressions indicates individual infer intended referent interpretation involves kinds Lakoff lexical linguistic expression logic maxim of Quantity means metaphor Morgan natural language natural language understanding normal beliefs noun phrase Nunberg particular Performative Hypothesis perlocutionary act person pronouns phenomena politeness polysemous pragmatic predicate presupposed presupposition properties proposition psense question rational referential referring expressions referring function relation relative clauses relevant represents rigid designator Sadock Sandy semantics sense sentence someone sort speaker and addressee speaker believes speaker intends speaking speech acts strategy syntactic syntax tense theory things topic truth-conditional truth-conditional semantics understand utterance verb violate words writing