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Rev. de métaphys. et de morale 27: 471-94, Oct. '20. Wilson, Woodrow. James Monroe, président des Etats-Unis d'Amérique. Rev. internl. sociol. 28:1-22, Jan. '20. Yves-Guyot. Les rapports de la Chine et des étrangers. Rev. écon. internl. 3:27-57, Aug. '20. Sir John Seeley once remarked about the word "liberty" that a political speaker must use it at least once in each address, because otherwise the audience would not know when to applaud. A different stimulant for the lethargic listener is now employed. A different talisman serves the purpose of platform conjuring. "Democracy" bids fair to succeed to the almost vacant place of "liberty" as the most hackneyed, the most ill-defined, and hence the most meaningless term of public debate. The less familiar watchwords at least commit one to something. But an election candidate in search of an elastic label beneath which any attitude under the sun may find shelter had best ring the changes upon "democratic." One reason why this epithet has come to mean so little is that we have struggled to make it mean so much. The Greeks, who invented it, were not bothered with its present ambiguities, for they knew what they had chosen it to stand for, and they adhered to this. But we of the modern age, in our zeal to have a single word as the most convenient weapon to brandish, have forced into this word every aim which our own side has promoted and the other side has opposed in the great conflict of ideals. To prove a thing evil we assume as sufficient that we should prove it undemocratic. In defending what has been so stigmatized we feel that the case is |