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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

Mr. Warner E. Gettys, instructor in sociology, resigned in July 1920 to accept a position in sociology in Tulane University. Dr. F. E. Lumley of Butler College, Indianapolis, Indiana, was appointed assistant professor in sociology for the current year. He received his Ph.D. at Yale. Miss Carrie Wright, A.M. from the University of Chicago, was appointed an assistant in sociology. Mr. H. M. Scott was also appointed an assistant in the department of sociology.

ROCKFORD COLLEGE

The social science department has increased its staff by the addition of Miss Florence E. Janson, A.M., who takes the courses in government and introductory economics. Professor Seba Eldridge, head of the department, is giving an extension course in social legislation which has special reference to the forthcoming session of the state legislature. Labor conditions, public health, education, housing, child welfare and care of the feeble-minded are the principal topics dealt with. It is expected that the results of the investigations undertaken in connection with this course will be made available, in printed form, to legislators, social workers, editors, and others who are interested in the problems considered.

SMITH COLLEGE

The Macmillan Company announces the publication of a book entitled Democracy and Assimilation: the Blending of Immigrant Heritages in America by Assistant Professor Julius Drachsler.

UNIVERSITY Of Southern CALIFORNIA

Dr. William C. Smith is offering new courses this semester in the field of ethnology, race psychology, and eugenics. Mr. M. J. Vincent has been appointed instructor in sociology. The total enrolment in the sociology classes this semester, inclusive of duplicate enrolments, is 850.

SOUTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

Professor John C. Granbery has terminated three years of war work in Europe and the Near East (France, Germany, Old and New Greece) under the auspices of the Y.M.C.A. He has resumed his duties in Southwestern University, Georgetown, Texas, where he has the chair of sociology and economics.

WASHBURN COLLEGE

The department of sociology in Washburn College is in its twentieth year. It has a department library of slightly over 4,000 volumes, and nearly 4,000 lantern slides, as illustrative material, including a new accession of 250 in the field of social pathology, just purchased, or taken from life, in New York City. Dr. D. M. Fisk has been head of the department for twenty years. He printed three of his texts the past year-Sociology I., The Sociology of Jesus, and The Rise of Democracy.

UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON

The department of sociology has been reorganized along three lines: (1) anthropology and ethnology, offering fourteen hours per quarter, under Dr. Leslie Spier; (2) social problems and methods of reconstruction, offering fourteen hours per quarter under Associate Professor McKenzie; and two courses of field work under Miss Olive McCabe; (3) social theory and methods of investigation, offering the general introductory course and eight hours of advanced work under Professor Woolston, assisted by Mr. Herbert Sturges.

WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY

Assistant Professor C. E. Gehlke was on leave for a year serving as educational director of the Southwestern Division of the American Red Cross. Recently he was made Director of the Division of Statistics of the Cleveland Foundation. He continues his work in the department of sociology, but will give half of his time to the supervision of the statistical work of the Foundation.

Professor J. E. Cutler and Assistant Professor C. W. Coulter gave courses in the summer session of the Cleveland School of Education this year. Professor Cutler was also the Director of the Institute of School Hygiene which was conducted by the Cleveland School of Education during the summer session.

Dr. M. R. Davie was engaged in research work for the Cleveland Foundation during the past summer.

Every course offered by the department of sociology is being given this year. The number of students who have elected some of the more general courses is so large that less effective methods of instruction are likely to be necessary. In common with the experience of teachers of the social sciences in other American universities a more extensive use of the lecture method seems unavoidable.

UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN

W. Russell Tylor, fellow in sociology last year in the University of Wisconsin, has been appointed as assistant in sociology to assist Professor J. L. Gillin in his course in criminology.

Dr. J. O. Hertzler, who received his Doctor's degree in sociology in the University at the close of the summer session, has been appointed instructor in economics and sociology and is assisting Professor Gillin in his course in social origins. The number in both these courses has become so large that it is impossible for one man to handle the work properly.

Professor J. L. Gillin is to give a course of lectures to the Officers of the Wisconsin State Industrial School for Boys at Waukesha during the coming winter. He is also supervising a series of institutes for the training of volunteers in connection with local Associated Charities at a number of places in Wisconsin. The course will occupy a month at each place and will be in direct charge of a teacher employed by the University Extension Division.

Professor J. L. Gillin expects to have ready for the publishers about March 1, a textbook on Poverty and Poverism and Its Treatment.

THE AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Since the cost of printing the American Journal of Sociology and the Proceedings of the Society has risen to almost double that on which current arrangements were based, and since it was necessary to advise members in advance, in order that renewals might be made without interruption of subscriptions, the Advisory Council of the Society has taken the responsibility of assuming that the annual meeting would indorse an advance of the membership fee to four dollars a year.

REVIEWS

The Spirit of Russia. Studies in History, Literature, and Philosophy. By THOMAS GARRIGUE MASARYK. Translated by Eden and Cedar Paul. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1919. 2 vols. Pp. xxii+480; xix+585. $12.00 net.

This remarkable work by the president of Czecho-Slovakia deserves the attention of all sociologists. First published in German in 1913, it is one of the few books which the Great War rendered, not out-of-date, but prophetic. The title of the work is unfortunate, as it gives little idea of its sociological character. It is really a history of Russian social and political thought, though the first half of the first volume is taken up with a sketch of Russian political history. The development of Russian sociology receives especial attention, and the whole history of Russian social and political theories is sketched in a masterly way, with a wealth of learning and scholarship which astounds. As one reads, one is made to realize vividly the forces which lay behind the Russian Revolution. The book is undoubtedly, as one leading student of Russian affairs remarked to the writer of this notice, the best work yet produced, though written several years before the event, for the understanding of the Russian Revolution. It is much more, therefore, than a work of theoretical and historical interest. Its portrayal of the growth of that revolutionary philosophy, which finally culminated in bolshevism, and of the political and economic imbecilities which stimulated it, has a tragic interest for all peoples of Western civilization. If we would avoid Russia's fate, we surely need to learn from her mistakes.

The book is noteworthy also because Dr. Masaryk does not hesitate to discuss questions which are supposed to be of interest only to technical sociologists. As regards the controversy between subjectivists and objectivists, for example, he says, "My decision is in favor of a mitigated subjectivism," meaning by that, of course, that he holds that it is the social mind, the social tradition, the mores which immediately determine social behavior. In accordance with this position, though a critic of existing forms of organized religion, he finds that great importance must be attributed to religion in the social process as the sustainer of the mores. "Religion," he says, "constitutes the central and centralizing

mental force in the life of the individual and of society. The ethical ideals of mankind are formed by religion; religion gives rise to the mental trend, to the life-mood of human beings." (Vol. II, p. 557.)

This is only a slight indication of the sociological interest of this book. CHARLES A. ELLWOOD

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI

The Skilled Labourer, 1760–1832. By J. L. and BARBARA HAMMOND. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1919. Pp. ix+397. $4.50.

There is a tendency among the newer historians to look for a broader group of causations than is to be found in governments and politicians, and to listen to the half-articulate, confused, voices of the larger groups of the "lower orders" for an explanation of the dominant element in historical development. Of course the politician is no less really important than before, and so strangely is our world organized that a generation may show more modification from the quarrel of a duke with a party leader than from the fall of wages a shilling per week. Yet there is a growing conviction that if we are really to understand the life-story of a people through the course of a century, we must learn how things went with the great substratum upon which the more talkative part of society rests.

It is to this newer class of histories, which form the province almost equally of the historian, the sociologist, and the economist, that The Skilled Labourer belongs. It is the last of a trilogy of books dealing with the intimate history of the British laboring man in the time of the great flux caused by the Industrial Revolution. The first volume, The Village Labourer, appeared in 1911. The present volume has a general community of subject-matter with the second of the series, The Town Labourer, but the aim is here at telling more in detail the experiences of particular labor groups during the period whose general characteristics The Town Labourer attempts to treat. It is, in fact, a series of group case-studies selected where evidence was found fullest, and covering groups as diverse as pitmen in coal mines, and silk-stocking

weavers.

It has been the plan of the authors to trace the developments in each of these trades and subgroups as a unit of study. Such a plan involves obvious difficulties of presentation. Despite the unity of causes which makes the experience of the different groups very similar,

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