for one year, amounting to $2,000 without service obligation, to enable him to complete an investigation of the interrelations of personalities and institutions. His problem centers around the competing claims of instincts and acquired habits as factors in the development of personality and of institutional organization, together with a study of the method by which environmental pressures direct habit formation.

Mr. Charles E. Lively, instructor in the department of sociology, will spend the summer in a community study of the relationship between types of agriculture and the social life of the community. This study is expected to extend over two summers and is being made under the joint supervision of Professor Galpin of the United States Department of Agriculture and Professor Bernard of the department of sociology.

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI

Professor Carl C. Taylor has resigned as associate professor of sociology at this university to become head of the department of agricultural economics in the North Carolina College of Agricultural and Mechanical Arts at Raleigh, N. C.

Professor Ellwood's book, The Social Problem, will be translated into Chinese by Professor Kenneth Duncan, professor of economics in Canton Christian College, Canton.

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA

Readers of the Journal will recall the spring announcement from the university of the enlargement of the department of rural social science under the direction of Dr. E. C. Branson, to include Assistant Professor Hobbes, with Miss Noa and Miss Smeades assisting in the work of the rural social science laboratory. The publications of this department have made a very definite contribution to the literature of the subject, and the efforts of Dr. Branson have contributed largely to the development of the new School of Public Welfare.

Then came the announcement that the Board of Trustees had authorized the establishment of a School of Public Welfare. Dr. Howard W. Odum was elected director of this school and Kenan Professor of Sociology, and with Dr. Branson, and other colleagues, began to work out plans for a very definite and enlarged program of university work and state service. This program will include a fourfold plan of

emphasizing the teaching of sociology and the social sciences in the regular university curriculum; a training school for social work; efforts toward adequate service to communities through social engineering; and university and social research and publication.

In the pursuance of the second purpose, namely, the training of social workers, the university will place the emphasis upon rural, town, and village workers. The American Red Cross has co-operated and will continue for a time a program of co-operation. In the selection of instructors the university has again been fortunate in obtaining Professor A. H. Burnett for community organization and Mary A. Burnett as supervisor of field work and lecturer on family case work.

Another announcement of importance from the University of North Carolina is the selection of Dr. J. F. Steiner as professor of social technology in their new School of Public Welfare. Dr. Steiner will begin. his work in the winter quarter of the university, and becomes one of the outstanding additions to that university's original program of public welfare and social research. To his adequate university training and experience, Dr. Steiner brings an unusually valuable experience in the practical fields of social work, education for professional social work, and administrative work as National Educational Director of the American Red Cross.

The first special effort of the School of Public Welfare resulted in the summer institutes for public welfare in which more than fifty full-time students enrolled. Among these were some twenty-five county superintendents of public welfare in North Carolina, twenty of whom remained through the entire Institute prepared for them. An outstanding feature of the institutes was the participation by the state commissioner of public welfare and his staff, thus co-ordinating university and state department closely.

In its unusual and large program President Chase has followed up his initiative in getting the school established with continuous support and foresight; State Commissioner Beasley of Raleigh has shown a remarkable and well-guided enthusiasm, remaining the entire time of the institutes with his force and helping direct its work; the allied departments of community music, folk-drama, economics, commerce, government, and others offer strong courses; and the state at large seems willing to enter into an expanding program of public welfare, making possible for the university a place of its own in the teaching of the social sciences and the promotion of public welfare work.

OBERLIN COLLEGE

Professor Herbert A. Miller sailed for Europe in January to study conditions in the new Mid-European republics. In Czecho-Slovakia he was the guest of President Masaryk, with whom he was associated in the work of the Mid-European Union. In Vienna, Professor Miller had a conference with Professor Sigmund Freud, who expressed interest in the application of his principles of psychoanalysis in sociological thinking in the United States. After a tour of Hungary, Roumania, and Serbia, Professor Miller will return to this country to resume his college work.

OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

Dr. F. E. Lumley, of Butler College, has accepted the position of assistant professor of sociology. Mr. W. E. Gettys has resigned to go to Tulane University.

SPOKANE UNIVERSITY

Mr. James G. Patrick has been appointed to take charge of the department of social science which will be reorganized and include courses in sociology, political science, and economics.

WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY

Dr. Walter B. Bodenhafer, assistant professor of sociology in the University of Kansas, has been appointed associate professor in this institution and will have charge of the work in sociology.

TULANE UNIVERSITY

Announcement is made of the organization of a department of sociology and school of social science. Dr. E. B. Reuter, formerly of Goucher College, has accepted the chair of sociology and has been appointed director of the school of social science. Professor R. J. Colbert, director of Educational Service of the Gulf Division of the American Red Cross, was elected to the chair of social technology. Mr. Warren E. Gettys, of Ohio State University, was appointed instructor in social technology. Dr. A. W. Hayes, who completed the work for his doctor's degree at the University of Wisconsin, has been selected instructor in rural sociology and rural organization.

One of the interesting features of this staff and the development of the work here is the understanding with which these men have been selected. Each will give half-time to the teaching, and the remainder

of his time will be devoted to the building up of teaching material and research work. Through experience it was found necessary to make provision for the collecting and organizing of teaching material related directly to the situation and the condition of the South. The findings of this research work will be made available to sociologists throughout the country who have had little opportunity in the past to obtain sociological data and teaching material upon the southern situation.

The development of this department of sociology, together with the creation of a chair in economics, marks the development of a new epoch in the southern universities. Social science has been practically undeveloped in southern schools, and as a result the southern opportunities which require sociological and economic training are usually awarded to students who come from the North and East. The development of this work will open a larger opportunity to southern young men and women, and at the same time will stimulate interest in the South in sociological and economic problems.

UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN

Professor E. A. Ross has been granted leave of absence for the first semester of 1920-21. Associate Professor William H. Kiekhofer has been promoted to a full professorship.

UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON

Professor R. D. McKenzie, of the University of West Virginia, has accepted the position of associate professor of sociology in the department here. Professor McKenzie will develop the work in the applied field. During the summer he gave courses in community organization.

UNIVERSITY OF WEST VIRGINIA

Mr. George E. Hartman, of the University of Chicago, has been appointed assistant professor of sociology to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Professor Roderick D. McKenzie, who goes to the University of Washington.

DOCTORAL DISSERTATION

Elizabeth Pinney Hunt, A.B., A.M., Bryn Mawr, has selected the subject, "Prenatal and Maternity Care in Relation to the State," for her doctor's thesis in sociology. In pursuit of this investigation, Mrs. Hunt will study the situation in Europe in 1920-21, and during the year will be in residence at the University of Stockholm.

REVIEWS

By BORIS SIDIS. Boston: $1.50.

The Source and Aim of Human Progress. Richard G. Badger, 1919. Pp. 63. The main thesis of Professor Sidis' work is, in his own words, that "the source and aim of true human progress are the cultivation and development of man's self-ruling, rational, free individuality." The corollary to this thesis is stated in his answer on how to overcome all of the great obstacles to human progress, "human sufferings, virulent mental epidemics, and other severe social maladies." His reply is that there is only one possible scientific answer based upon biology, sociology, and social psychology, namely: "Fortify the resistance of the individual by freedom of individuality and by the full development of personality. Immunize the individual against social, mental plagues by the full development of his rational reflective self, controlling the suggestible, automatic subconscious with its reflex consciousness. Put no barriers to man's self-expression, lay no chains on man, put no taboos on the human spirit."

The whole spirit of this interesting work fraternizes strikingly with the spirit of such a book as Brooks Adams' Theory of Social Revolutions. In one sense it is distinctly pessimistic-in its emphasis upon mob suggestibility, the prevalence of fear taboos, the hysteria of war, the reversion of society to primitive types, the crushing influence of institutionalizing, fear of over-legislation and government. While Professor Sidis ascribes the impetus to this book to his master, William James, he might well have added also a more or less unconscious inspiration and impetus from Herbert Spencer, for although Spencer's name is kept in the background his spirit is certainly present throughout the book.

While the author's emphasis is constantly upon the function of the individual in his contrasting of mass and class, and in his depreciation of mere bigness and boosting, yet it is not an apology of the crasser sort for the superman, à la Nietzsche. It is primarily a demand for members of a social order who have learned to inhibit their lower emotional and suggestible selves in order to give freer play to the selective, critical "voice and will" centers, an individualism that is not stifled by social suppression, an individualism that can hold fast its faith against the