'Nowhere,' and is applied to an imaginary island upon which ideal social conditions obtain.

145:11. reglement. Regulation.

145:16. tooth of usury. Compare note above on page 144, line 26.

145:23. will be to seek for.

Will be distressed for lack of.

146:4. shut itself out to take. Restrain itself from taking. Make attractive.

146:26. answered. Paid.

146: 11. edge.

147:14. A man, etc. Compare Bacon himself.

147:25. Julius Cæsar. See note on page 91, line 19. Septimius Severus. See note on page 6, line 2.

66

147:26. Juventutem," etc. 'He passed a youth full of errors, nay of wild excesses.'

148:1. And yet, etc. Compare Tennyson's In Memoriam, Lyric 53:

:

"How many a father have I seen,

A sober man, among his boys,

Whose youth was full of foolish noise,
Who wears his manhood hale and green;

"And dare we to this fancy give,

That had the wild oat not been sown,
The soil, left barren, scarce had grown
The grain by which a man may live ?
"Or, if we held the doctrine sound

For life outliving heats of youth,

Yet who would preach it as a truth

To those that eddy round and round?"

148:4. Augustus Cæsar. See note on page 5, line 24. CosSee note on page 13, line 20.

mus.

148:5. Gaston de Fois. Gaston de Foix, duc de Nemours (1489-1512), a son of Marie d'Orléans, sister of Louis XII. He was slain at Ravenna during a victorious campaign against the Spaniards and Italians.

148:7. composition. Mixture, as of age' and 'heat and vivacity.'

148: 12. abuseth them. Fails to grasp and govern "new things" adequately, as contrasted with young men, who are "fitter for new projects."

148:21. care not to. Inconsiderately; do not hesitate to.

148: 22. at first. Unseasonably; they do not fit the strength of the remedy to the progress of the disease.

148:24. unready. Intractable.

148:28. period. Conclusion; end.

149: 1. both. Old and young.

149: 3. succession. The future.

149:9. Rabbin. Rabbi; master. Wright names Abrabanel in his commentary upon Joel. "Your young men," etc. See Joel ii. 28.

149:12. nearer to God. Compare Henry Vaughan's The Retreat:

"Happy those early days, when I

Shined in my Angel-infancy !"

Thomas Hood's I Remember:

"But now 'tis little joy

To know I'm farther off from heaven

Than when I was a boy."

"Oh, could I feel as I have felt, or be what I have been!”
and Wordsworth's Ode on Intimations of Immortality:-
"Our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting;
The Soul that rises with us, our life's Star,
Hath had elsewhere its setting
And cometh from afar;

Not in entire forgetfulness,
And not in utter nakedness,
But trailing clouds of glory do we come
From God, who is our home;

Heaven lies about us in our infancy!
Shades of the prison-house begin to close
Upon the growing Boy,

But he beholds the light, and whence it flows,
He sees it in his joy ;

The Youth, who daily farther from the east
Must travel, still is Nature's priest,
And by the vision splendid

Is on his way attended;

At length the Man perceives it die away,
And fade into the light of common day."

149:20. Hermogenes. He lived in the second half of the second century, a famous Greek rhetorician, son of Calippus of Tarsus.

149:26. Tully. Cicero. See note on page 57, line 11. Hortensius. Quintus Hortensius (B.c. 114-50) was an eminent Roman orator, a contemporary of Cicero. "Idem manebat," etc. 'He remained the same, though so to remain was unbecoming.'

149:30. Scipio Africanus. Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major (B.C. 234-183) was a great Roman general, whose defeat of Hannibal at Zama, in 202, made him the dominaut

figure in Rome.

He became a popular hero and was created censor and consul. Losing favour, on account of the machinations of his enemies, he retired proudly and silently to Liternum, where he died. Livy. See note on page 141, line 1. "UItima," etc. His end did not harmonize with his beginning.'

6

XLIII. OF BEAUTY

(1612. Slightly enlarged, 1625)

Bacon uses the word 'Beauty' in a very limited sense, referring to personal comeliness. There is hardly a hint of that idea which sees in beauty the agent and expression of truth. Contrast Emerson's much ampler treatment.

1501. Virtue. Compare George Herbert's fine lines on Virtue, as attesting its sincerity and simplicity. Compare, also, from Emerson's Essay, Beauty: 66 Beauty rests on necessities. The line of beauty is the result of perfect economy."

150 5. almost. Generally.

1509. great spirit. High ideals of life and conduct. 150:10. Augustus Cæsar. See note on page 5, line 24.

150:11. Titus Vespasianus. See note on page 5, line 28. Philip le Bel of France. Philip IV. (1268-1314), as son of Philip III., became king of France in 1285. On account of his personal beauty he was surnamed 'The Fair.'

150:12. Edward IV. of England. Became king in 1461 and died in 1483. He, like Philip, was at once handsome and brave. Alcibiades of Athens. A great Athenian general and political leader (B.c. 450-404), who was noted for his beauty and power. Ismael the Sophy. He became master of Persia in 1478. colour. Complexion.

150 15. favour. Feature. :

:

150 21. Apelles. A mistake for Zeuxis, a Greek painter who lived at the close of the fifth century B.C. He applied the

'composite' principle to one of his most famous paintings, selecting five virgins. Apelles was another Greek painter of the time of Philip and Alexander. Albert Dürer. A German painter and engraver, 1471-1528. more. Greater.

150:22. would. Planned to; desired to.

1513. that. Understand such' preceding.

1515. the principal part. Compare from Emerson on Beauty: "For there are many beauties; as, of general nature, of the human face and form, of manners, of brain or method, moral beauty, or beauty of the soul."

151:7. many times. Frequently.

1518. beautiful.'

Pulchrorum," etc.

'Beautiful is the autumn of the

1519. but by pardon. Unless his youth be overlooked. 151:14. light well. Alight upon one worthy of it.

XLIV. OF DEFORMITY

(1612. Last sentence slightly changed, 1625)

It is sometimes said that in this essay Bacon has drawn the portrait of his cousin, Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury. The only evidence of this, however, is found in a letter written by Chamberlain Sir Dudley Carleton, December 17, 1612, shortly after the appearance of the second edition of the Essays: "Sir Francis Bacon hath set out new Essays,' where, in a chapter on Deformity, the world takes notice that he points out his little cousin to the life."

151:23 "Ubi peccat," etc. See preceding context. But because, etc. The meaning is: Because a man's attitude and character are determined by his own will, even though he has no control of his bodily appearance, the effect arising from the conjunction of planets at his birth may be overcome by