The Harvest of a Century: Discoveries of Modern Physics in 100 EpisodesOUP Oxford, 06.11.2008 - 520 Seiten Physics was the leading science of the twentieth century and the book retraces important discoveries, made between 1895 and 2001, in 100 self-contained episodes. Each is a short story of the scientists involved, their time, and their work. Together they form a mosaic of modern physics: formulating relativity and quantum mechanics, finding the constituents of matter and unravelling the forces between them, understanding the working of conductors and semiconductors, discovering and explaining macroscopic quantum effects (superconductivity, superfluidity, quantum Hall effect), developing novel experimental techniques like the Geiger counter and particle accelerators, building revolutionary applications like the transistor and the laser, and observing astonishing features of our cosmos (expanding universe, cosmic background radiation). The text is intended for easy reading. Occasionally, a more thorough discussion of experimental set-ups and theoretical concepts is presented in special boxes for readers interested in more detail. Episodes contain extensive references to biographies and original scientific literature. The book is richly illustrated by about 600 portraits, photographs, and figures. |
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... Physical Society. [2] Pais, A., 'Subtle is the Lord ... ' – The Science and Life of Albert Millikan, as well as many ... Review, 7 chemist Lewis6 introduced the term photon, which has essentially replaced the (1916) 18. Millikan, R. A., ...
... Physical Society. [2] Pais, A., 'Subtle is the Lord ... ' – The Science and Life of Albert Millikan, as well as many ... Review, 7 chemist Lewis6 introduced the term photon, which has essentially replaced the (1916) 18. Millikan, R. A., ...
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Inhalt
1 | |
6 | |
10 | |
13 | |
16 | |
20 | |
24 | |
28 | |
53 Fermis Theory of Beta Rays 1933 | 231 |
54 Irène and Frédéric JoliotCurie Artificial Radioactivity 1934 | 234 |
55 Fermi Produces Radioactivity with Neutrons 1934 | 239 |
56 Cherenkov Radiation Discovered 1934 and Explained 1937 | 244 |
57 Prediction of the Meson 1934 Discovery of the Muon 1937 | 249 |
Superfluid Helium 1937 | 254 |
59 Why the Stars Shine 1938 | 258 |
60 Nuclear Fission 1938 | 263 |
34 | |
37 | |
40 | |
44 | |
50 | |
13 Observing a Single Particle The RutherfordGeiger Counter and Later Electronic Detectors 1908 | 54 |
14 Jean Perrin and Molecular Reality 1909 | 58 |
15 Millikans OilDrop Experiment 1910 | 62 |
16 The Atomic Nucleus 1911 | 66 |
17 Tracks of Single Particles in Wilsons Cloud Chamber 1911 | 70 |
18 Kamerlingh Onnes Liquid Helium and Superconductivity 1911 | 73 |
19 Hess Finds Cosmic Radiation 1912 | 77 |
20 Max von Laue X Rays and Crystals 1912 | 80 |
21 Bragg Scattering 1912 | 84 |
22 J J Thomson Identifies Isotopes 1912 | 88 |
23 Bohrs Model of the Atom 1913 | 93 |
24 Moseley and the Periodic Table of Elements 1913 | 97 |
25 The FranckHertz Experiment 1914 | 102 |
26 Einstein Completes the General Theory of Relativity 1915 | 105 |
27 Sommerfeld Spatial Quantization and Fine Structure 1916 | 110 |
28 Nitrogen is Turned into Oxygen 1919 | 115 |
29 Astronomers Verify General Relativity 1919 | 119 |
30 Stern and Gerlach Observe Spatial Quantization 1922 | 123 |
31 The Compton Effect The Light Quantum Gains Momentum 1923 | 127 |
32 Matter Waves Proposed by de Broglie 1923 | 132 |
33 Bose and Einstein A New Way of Counting 1924 | 136 |
34 Bothe and Geiger Coincidence Experiments 1925 | 140 |
35 Paulis Exclusion Principle 1925 | 144 |
36 Spin 1925 | 148 |
37 Heisenberg and the Creation of Quantum Mechanics 1925 | 152 |
38 Diracs Mechanics of q Numbers 1925 | 158 |
39 Schrödinger Creates Wave Mechanics 1926 | 161 |
40 Borns Probability Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics 1926 | 167 |
41 FermiDirac Statistics Yet Another Way of Counting 1926 | 173 |
42 Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle and Bohrs Complementarity 1927 | 178 |
43 Quantum Mechanics and Relativity The Dirac Equation 1928 | 183 |
44 The Band Model of Conductors and Semiconductors 192831 | 189 |
45 Hubble Finds that the Universe is Expanding 1929 | 195 |
46 Pauli Presents His Neutrino Hypothesis 1930 | 200 |
47 Lawrence and the Cyclotron 1931 | 205 |
48 Chadwick Discovers the Neutron 1932 | 210 |
49 Anderson Discovers the Positron 1932 | 214 |
50 Nuclear Reaction Brought About by Machine 1932 | 218 |
Isospin 1932 | 223 |
52 The Proton Displays an Anomalous Magnetic Moment 1933 | 227 |
61 Two Transuranium Elements Finally Found Neptunium and Plutonium 194041 | 268 |
62 Landau Explains Superfluidity 1941 | 273 |
63 Fermi Builds a Nuclear Reactor 1942 | 277 |
Phase Stability 1945 and Strong Focussing 1952 | 284 |
65 Magnetic Resonance 1945 | 292 |
66 The Pi Meson Discovered by the Photographic Method 1947 | 299 |
67 The Lamb Shift 1947 | 303 |
68 Strange Particles 1947 | 307 |
69 The Transistor 1947 | 312 |
70 The Shell Model A Periodic Table for Nuclei 1949 | 317 |
71 Quantum Electrodynamics and Feynman Diagrams 1949 | 322 |
72 Glasers Bubble Chamber 1953 | 329 |
73 The Maser 1954 | 335 |
74 Strangeness A New Quantum Number 1955 | 340 |
75 Antimatter 1955 | 345 |
76 The Neutrino Finally Observed 1956 | 350 |
77 Parity A Symmetry Broken 1957 | 355 |
78 Superconductivity Explained by Bardeen Cooper and Schrieffer 1957 | 362 |
79 Weak Interaction Better Understood The V A Theory 1957 | 366 |
80 Keeping Ions in a Trap 1958 | 371 |
81 The Mössbauer Effect 1958 | 377 |
82 The Laser 1960 | 382 |
83 ParticleAntiparticle Colliders 1961 | 386 |
84 Nonlinear Optics 1961 | 390 |
85 There is More than One Kind of Neutrino 1962 | 396 |
86 Semiconductor Heterostructures Efficient Laser Diode Proposed 1963 and Built 1970 | 401 |
87 Three Quarks Order in the Wealth of New Particles 1964 | 407 |
The Peculiar System of the Neutral K Meson and Its Antiparticle 1964 | 413 |
89 Blackbody Radiation from the Early Universe 1965 | 418 |
90 Two Forces of Nature are Only One Electroweak Interaction 1967 | 425 |
91 Weak Neutral Currents A Glimmer of Heavy Light 1973 | 430 |
92 Quantum Chromodynamics QCD The New Theory of Strong Interaction 1973 | 434 |
93 A Fourth Quark Charm 1974 | 439 |
94 The Discovery of the Gluon 1979 | 446 |
95 The Quantum Hall Effect 1980 | 451 |
96 W and Z Boson Discovered 1983 | 458 |
97 Cooling and Trapping Neutral Atoms 1985 | 465 |
98 There are Just Three Generations 1989 | 470 |
99 BoseEinstein Condensation of Atoms 1995 | 474 |
100 Neutrinos Have Mass 1998 2001 | 479 |
Epilogue What Have We Learnt? What is to Come? | 484 |
Photo Credits | 486 |
Name Index | 489 |
Subject Index | 495 |
Andere Ausgaben - Alle anzeigen
The Harvest of a Century: Discoveries in Modern Physics in 100 Episodes Siegmund Brandt Eingeschränkte Leseprobe - 2009 |
The Harvest of a Century: Discoveries in Modern Physics in 100 Episodes Siegmund Brandt Keine Leseprobe verfügbar - 2008 |
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
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