Defacing monuments of conquered France, Car. Nephew, what means this passionate discourse, For France, 'tis ours; and we will keep it still. Suffolk, the new-made duke that rules the roast, 107-110. Suffolk . ... 102. Nephew. . . discourse] 82. Why how now cosin Gloster, what needs this? 103, 104. This peroration . . . keep it still] omitted Q. 105, 106. Ay, uncle we should] omitted Q. purse] (transfer to Gloucester's last speech) 76-78. For Suffolke he, the new made.. roast, Hath given away for our King Henries Queene, The Dutches of Anioy and Mayne unto her father. III, 112. Sal. Now by keys of Normandy] omitted Q. 113. valiant son?] (transferred to Salisbury's next speech, last line, 130 But. noble sonne. But... ... ... Sonnet 25: "Is from the book of honour razed quite." Not in Q. 103. peroration] Not again in Shakespeare. The earliest example in New Eng. Dict. in the untechnical sense. Not in Q. 107. new-made duke] See note, 1. 62. 107. rules the roast] domineers, takes the lead-as if presiding over the head of the table. Not again in Shakespeare. An attempt to translate this phrase into "rule the roost" is against the history of the expression and entirely false. A few early references may be given, but it is needless to quote so common a phrase which is in all the collections. It occurs in Debate of the Carpenter's Tools (Hazlitt, Early Popular Poetry, i. 85), circa 1500 in Skelton, Colin Clout (1518), and his Why Come Ye not to Courte (1522); in Heywood, The Four PP. (Hazlitt's Dodsley, i. 361), circa 1540; in Udall's Erasmus (Robert's reprint, p. 294), 1542; in North's Plutarch, Solon (Tudor Trans. i. 223), 1579; in Lyly's Euphues (Arber, p. 134), 1580; in Watson's Poems (Arber, p. 82), ante 1590, and abundantly later. It is possible some writers capriciously gave it the roosting sense. Here, however, we are concerned with Greene's interpretation, which is undoubted. Com pare Mamillia (Grosart, ii. 285), 1583: as the common prouerbe saith, to rule the rost after her owne diet." Greene repeats these words in The Carde of Fancie (Grosart, iv. 133), 1587. The expression is appropriate here, since it occurs in Hall and Grafton, of Queen Margaret: "Which then ruled the rost and bare the whole rule" (The XXXIIJ Yere). 109. large style] grandiose title. The closing words of this speech are undoubtedly Shakespeare's. Grafton has: "For King Reyner, her father, for all his long style, had to short a pursse, to send his daughter honorably to the king her spouse" (p. 625). III. by Him... all] Compare Kyd, Spanish Tragedy: "I sweare to both by him that made us all” (11. i. 89) (Boas). And Peele's Jack Straw (Hazlitt's Dodsley, v. 406): "By him that died for me I will not dine Till I," etc. See Part III. II. ii. 124. 112. keys of Normandy] See note at line 214 below. The expression occurs in a different connection in Grafton (and Hall). The XXVJ Yere: "Pountlarche taken and surprised, which towne was the key and passage over the Riuer of Some, from Fraunce to Normandie" (p. 633). War. For grief that they are past recovery: For, were there hope to conquer them again, York. For Suffolk's duke, may he be suffocate, 115 I 20 That dims the honour of this warlike isle! 125 130 That Suffolk should demand a whole fifteenth 114-121. War. For grief... Mort Dieu !] 131-134. War. For griefe that all is lost that Warwick won. Sonnes, Anjoy, and Maine, both giuen away at once, Why, Warwick did win them & must that then which we wonne with our swords be giuen away with wordes. 122-125. For Suffolk's duke . . . this league] omitted Q. 126-128. I never read his own] 135-137. As I have read, our Kinges of England were woont to have large dowries with their wives, but our... his owne. 129. To match .. vantages] omitted Q. 130-135. Glou. A proper jest ・・・ grow too hot] omitted Q. 118. these arms of mine] Occurs again Part III. 11. v. 114: "These arms of mine shall be thy winding sheet." The construction is frequent in Shakespeare. See note at the latter line for reference to Marlowe. "Of thine" occurs several times, but only, I think, in the earliest work. See Part I. II. iii. 39: "I will chain these legs and arms of thine." And Marlowe, Tamburlaine, Part II. iv. iii. (65, a): "This unconquered arm of mine," and elsewhere. 119, 120. got with wounds, Delivered with words] "Won with swords" and "given with words," in Q, is neater; and it is not forgotten. See Merry Wives of Windsor, III. i. 44, and note in Arden edition, p. 113. And in 2 Henry IV. IV. ii. 10. It is in Gosson, School of Abuse (Arber, p. 52), 1579: "Let ... the word and the sword be knit togither." 121. Mort Dieu !] This expletive is not again in Shakespeare. It is used by Marlowe, Massacre at Paris (237, a):"Mort Dieu ! were not the fruit This wrathful hand should strike thee to the heart." 122. Suffolk suffocate] This is paralleled by the Maine quibble below, I. 207. And see protector in Part I. (1. iii. 8, 9); and the nominal puns at 1. iv. 107 (Part I.). See too Pool and Pole at IV. i. 70. 129. match with] Compare Part I. v. v. 66. Match (verb), meaning "marry," is frequent in Shakespeare. Not in Q. 129. vantages] advantages. Common in Shakespeare. Not in Q. 130. A proper jest] Compare Much Ado About Nothing, 1. iii. 54: “A proper squire!"; and IV. i. 312: "A proper saying!" And Henry VIII. 1. i. 98: "A proper title!" 131. fifteenth] a tax of one-fifteenth levied on personal property. The term occurs often in the Chronicles. See note at Part I. v. v. 93. Grafton has (XIX Yere of Edward the Thirde): "And in the sayde Parliament was graunted unto the king toward the finishyng and ending of his warres with Fraunce, of the commons and of the Townes and Cities of the Realme of Eng For costs and charges in transporting her! She should have stayed in France, and starved in France, Before Car. My Lord of Gloucester, now ye grow too hot: It was the pleasure of my lord the king. 135 Glou. My lord of Winchester, I know your mind : Car. So, there goes our protector in a rage. And no great friend, I fear me, to the king. 140 [Exit. 145 135, 136. Car. My Lord... the king] 82-87. Card. Why how now cosin Gloster, what needs this? As if our king were bound unto your will, And might not do his will without your leave, Proud Protector envy in thine eyes I see, The big swolne venome of thy hatefull heart, That dares presume gainst that thy Soueraigne likes. 137-144. Glou. My lord. ere long] 88-92. Humphr. Nay my Lord tis not my words that troubles you, But my presence, proud Prelate as thou art: But ile begone and giue thee leave to speake. Farewell my Lords, and say when . would. .. ere long. 145, 146. So, there goes. mine enemy] 93, 94. There goes.. My Lords you know he is my great enemy. 147-155. Nay, more . . . be wise and circumspect] omitted Q. lande, foure fiftenes to be paide in two yeres next folowing. And likewise ye Clergy graunted unto him three fiftenes to be paid in three yeres" (p. 358). In Arnold's Chronicle (1500), in "A Prouision to brynge Henry the VI. oute of the debt," the term is a quynzyme. 132. costs and charges] See note above, line 59. Frequent in Hall and Grafton. See the latter at p. 233 (King Iohn, The VIIJ Yere): "Of his awne costes and charges he sent his messengers vnto Rome"; and p. 379: "he hath suffered me to abide here so long, the which hath beene greatly to my costes and charges." It occurs in Grafton's earlier Continuation of Hardyng, p. 458 (1543). 135, 136. big-swolne] In the Cardinal's speech here Q has "big-swolne venom." See note at Part III. II. ii. III where this line occurs (almost) in True Tragedie and in the final text. One of the many proofs of continuity of authorship in these plays. "Big swolne phrases" occurs in Jeronymo, 1. i. 56 (1605). 140. proud prelate] A favourite formation of Greene's, especially when alliteration lent its artful aid. In The Contention "Proud Protector" occurs four lines higher up than "proud prelate," and a little lower down is "proud Lancaster." Shakespeare omits the first of these. See note at "lordly," line II. 142. bickerings] wranglings, contention. In this secondary sense Gabriel Harvey uses the word earlier (1573). 143. Lordings] An early form of address equivalent to "Sirs!" "Gentlemen!" amply illustrated in New Eng. Dict. back to 1200. The contemptuous sense of "little lord” (See Puttenham, 1589, Arber, p. 229) is not present here. Shakespeare uses the word again in Winter's Tale. Not in Q. Peele is very fond of it: "Lordings adieu" (Prol. to Arraignment); "Lordings behold" (Descensus Astrææ); and elsewhere. And Locrine, 1. i.: "And in you, lordings, doth the substance lie." Henry VI. 1. i. 50 (note). See 3 Consider, lords, he is the next of blood, 150 155 Calling him "Humphrey, the good Duke of Gloucester," Clapping their hands, and crying with loud voice With "God preserve the good Duke Humphrey !" 160 I fear me, lords, for all this flattering gloss, He will be found a dangerous protector. Buck. Why should he then protect our sovereign, 156-160. What though the common people . . . good Duke Humphrey] 97-100. For well you see, if he but walke the streets, The common people swarme about him straight, Crying, Iesus blesse your royall exellence, With . . Humphrey. 161, 162. I fear me . . . · protector] 95-96 and 101, 102. And though he be Protector of the land, And thereby covers his deceitfull thoughts, And many things besides that are not knowne, Which time will bring to light in smooth Duke Humphrey. 163, 164. Why should . . of himself] omitted Q. 165-167. Cousin of his seat] 106-108. Cosen of Somerset be rulde by me, Weele watch Duke Humphrey and the Cardinall too, And put them from the marke they faine would hit. 163-166. Buck . . . join ... Suffolk] 109. Somerset. thanks cosin Buckingham, joyne thou with me, And both of us Suffolke. 154. Look to it] be on your guard, Characteristic of Shakespeare. 154. smoothing words] Occurs again in Richard III. 1. ii. 169. Not in Q. 155. circumspect] Shakespeare uses this word again only in Richard III. iv. ii. 31. Not in Q. It is in (Peele's) Jack Straw: "A little spark hath kindled all this fire Which must be quench'd with cir cumspect regard" (Hazlitt's Dodsley, v. 389). And Selimus (Grosart's Greene, xiv. 222): "be close and circumspect." It is not a Greene word. yet wanted he backbiters and privie envyers" (p. 630). This passage is neither in Hall nor Holinshed. Again, at p. 633: "that William de la Poole, late created Duke of Suffolke, and diuers other, were the occasion of the death of the sayd Duke of Gloucester, which was the very father of the countrie, and the shielde and defence of the poore Commonaltie." See note at III. i. 20: "Humphrey is no little man." 157. calling him "Humphrey "] See note below at III. i. 20. 161. gloss] A favourite term in Shakespeare, both literally and in transferred use. Not in Q. 162, 163. protector . . . protect our] See note at suffocate, above, 1. 122. Two lines in Q (101, 102) omitted here, appear below (with a little difference in the first) at 11. i. 64, 65, given to Buckingham. 163, 164. Why should he then . . being of age] Grafton says this of Queen Margaret (pp. 628, 629): "This woman perceyving that her husbande . . . did ... Cousin of Somerset, join you with me, 165 And all together, with the Duke of Suffolk, Car. This weighty business will not brook delay; I'll to the Duke of Suffolk presently. And greatness of his place be grief to us, Som. Cousin of Buckingham, though Humphrey's pride Yet let us watch the haughty cardinal : His insolence is more intolerable Than all the princes' in the land beside: [Exit. 170 175 [Exeunt Buckingham and Somerset. Sal. Pride went before, ambition follows him. ... 180 167. Buck. . . . We'll . . . seat] 112. Somerset. . . . Weele quickly heave Duke Humphrey from his seate. 168, 169. Car. This weighty presently] 103-104. (end of speech beginning 93) But I will after him, and if I can Ile laie a plot to heave him from his seate. Exet. Cardinall. 170-171. omitted Q. 172. Somerset. Yet let us watch this haughtie Cardinall] 105. Buck. But let us watch this haughtie Cardinall. 173-175. His insolence . protector] omitted Q. 176, 177. Buck. Or thou or I... Cardinal] 112, 113. Buck. Content, Come then let us about it straight, For either thou or I will be Protector. Exet. Buckingham and Somerset. 178-180. Pride . . . for the realm] 114-116. Pride... follows after. Whilst these do seeke their owne preferments thus, My Lords, let us seeke for our Countries good. . ... all thing by the aduise and counsayle of Humfrey, Duke of Gloucester. determined. . . to take uppon her the rule and regiment . . . least men should say and report that she had neyther wyt nor stomack, which would permit and suffer her husband, being of perfite age to be governed by the disposition of an other man." See below, iii. 45, 46. 167. hoise. from his seat] The process of rewriting is interesting here. The expression "hoise from his seat" is not again in Shakespeare. In the Contention it is "heave from his seat," which is repeated immediately afterwards. This would necessitate its elimination; but at v. i. 36 below, "heave proud Somerset from out the court" in the Contention is altered to "remove proud Somerset from the king," while at v. i. 61 "To heave the Duke of Somerset from hence " is hardly changed. In this speech the Quarto (Contention) has "the mark they fain would hit." This occurs below (in both) at 1. 241. Hence its omission here. Compare Greene, Orlando Furioso (xiii. 185): "To vaile thy plumes and heave thee from thy pompe.' The latter expression is also in Peele. See note at v. i. 61. And below, 1. 241. 172. haughty cardinal] See note at Part I. 1. iii. 23, 85. "Let us watch" in this line is repeated in the Quarto, next line but one. 175. displaced] See quotation at "defaced," below, IV. i. 42. 178. Pride went before, ambition follows him] A modification of an ancient proverb (in Ray, ed. 1742, p. 148): "Pride goes before, and shame follows after." See Skelton, Poems against Garnasche (Dyce, i. 131), circa 1500; Barclay, Ship of Fooles (Reprint, ii. 164), 1509; Heywood's Proverbs (ed. Sharman, p. 46), 1546; Nashe, Pierce Penilesse (Grosart, ii. 14), 1592; Jonson, Chapman and Marston, Eastward Ho! iv. 1 (1605); Taylor's Works, ii. 133 (1630). And in Camden's Remaines Halliwell gives a reference to Wyntoun's Chronicle (circa 1400). 180. Behoves it us] Compare Spanish |