Electric Smelting and Refining: The Extraction and Treatment of Metals by Means of the Electric Current

alkali metals alkaline earth metals alloys alumina aluminium fluoride amperes per sq anode antimony apparatus arrangement bath bismuth Borchers bottom calcium carbide carbon carbon rod carnallite cathode cell cent cerium charge chemical chloride chromium compartment compounds conductor containing copper crucible cryolite current density decomposed decomposition deposited described dissolved dynamo electric current electric furnace electrical connections electrode electrolyte electromotive force employed English Patent experiments extraction fluoride of aluminium fused salt fusible gases German Patent gold grms haloid salts heat hydrogen impurities ions iron latter lead liquid lithium magnesium material melting vessel mercury method metre mixture negative electrode nickel obtained oxide oxidised oxygen placed plant plates porcelain potassium production proportion pure quantity reduced refining reverberatory furnace separated shown in Fig Siemens silver smelting sodium solution specific gravity substance sufficient suitable sulphate sulphide sulphuric acid surface tank temperature tion tube vats volts whilst wire zinc