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IT HAS AN INTERNATIONAL REPUTATION FOR ITS ILLUSTRATIONS OF PLANTS.

"The Gardeners' Chronicle has faithfully held to its promises. It is still, to-day, the best gardenit g journal, being indispensable equally to the practical gardener and the man of science, because each finds in it something useful. We wish the journal still further success."- Garten Flora, Berlin, Jan. 15.

"The Gardeners' Chronicle is the leading horticultural journal of the world, and an historical publication. It has always excited our respectful admiration. A country is honoured by the possession of such a publication, and the greatest honour we can aspire to is to furnish our own country with a journal as admirably conducted."-La Semaine Horticole, Feb. 13, 1897.

"The Gardeners' Chronicle is the most important horticultural journal in the world, and the most generally acknowledged authority."-Le Moniteur d'Horticulture, Sept., 1898.

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* A deposit of 28. 6d. on each Volume is required with all Monthly Subscriptions.

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1900

With Index, price 10d. Registered as a Newspaper. Entered at the N.Y.P.O. as second-Class Matter. Yearly Subscription, 208. 6d. post free

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With Introduction by JOSEPH KNIGHT, F.S.A. This Index is double the size of previous ones, as it contains, in addition to the usual Index of Subjects, the Names and Pseudonyms of Writers, with a list of their Contributions. The number of constant Contributors exceeds eleven hundred. The Publishers reserve the right The of increasing the price of the volume at any time. number printed is limited, and the type has been distributed.

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CELESTIAL MOTIONS: & Handy Book of

Eleventh Edition. With 5 Plates. By W. T. "Well known as one of our best introductions to astronomy."

London:

Guardian

SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, LIMITED, 15, Paternoster Row.

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Nothing better of its kind has ever appeared."—English Mechanic.

London

SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, LIMITED, 15, Paternoster Row

FOURTEENTH EDITION, price Sixpence net.

REMARKABLE COMETS: a Brief Survey of

the most interesting Facts in the History of Cometary Astro nomy. By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S. London:

SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, LIMITED, 15, Paternoster Row.

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LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 31, 1909.

CONTENTS.-No. 292.

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NOTES:-"Plains," Timber-denuded Lands, 81-Oxford
Civil War Leaders, 82-Illustrations of Shakespeare, 84-
Dr. Johnson and Strahan's Virgil,' 85-Happisburgh or
Haisborough-" Aviation "-Robin's Alive-Macaulay on
Olive Trees, 86 Monuments to American Indians
Carlyle on the Peneus-" Dynamometer," 87.
QUERIES:-"Pyrrhic_victory" Farnese Arms-"Bier-
Right": Ordeal by Touch, 87-T. L. Peacock: George
Meredith-Bridgewater Borough-"Coherer "The Oera
Linda Book'- Goethe on Ignorance in Motion".
Hollow Loaf foretelling Death-Authors of Quotations
Wanted-Poem on a Boy and his Curls-Black Notley
Parish Register-Kendal House, Isleworth, 88 Dor-
chester: Birrell's Engraving-Hôtel Moras or Biron-
Morlais Castle-Noah Hickey of Dublin-The Black-
heathen-Slip of the Tongue a Bad Omen-Walking in
Two Parishes, 89-Chaucer : "Strothir"-Portrait by
Lawrence-Essex fatal to Women-Charles II.'s Mock
Marriage-Pigott's 'Jockey Club '-Pilgrim Fathers, 90.
REPLIES:-Walt Whitman on Alamo, 90-Infanta Maria
of Spain-Bacon on Tasting-Paul Braddon-Butter.
worth, 91 Pig Grass-Holt Castle - Beezely, 92-
"Rollick"-"All the world and his wife""What the
Devil said to Noah "-Thimbles-Eel-Pie Shop-Welsh
Judges-Gainsborough, Architect, 93-"Seecatchie
"I had three sisters"-Hannah Lightfoot-"Hen and
Chickens"-J. Isaacson-John Hus-Col. Pestall, 94-
"Matthew, Mark," &c.-Nuns as Chaplains-De Quincey,
95-Births and Deaths-Mechanical Road Carriages-
Shoreditch Family-Arms of Married Women-Sneezing
Superstition, 97-Suffragan Bishops-Hamlet Healen
Penny-Clarionett, 98.

"

NOTES ON BOOKS:-Lord Broughton's Recollections 'The Faerie Queen'-'The Inns of Court.' Notices to Correspondents.

Notes.

"PLAINS "=TIMBER-DENUDED

LANDS.

ON the outskirts of Nottingham-partly within, but mainly without, the present city boundaries—is an ancient road traversing a narrow ridge of hill-top land, three or four miles in length, once a part of Sherwood Forest. This is called the Plains Road, and the adjacent land on either side is called the Plains-otherwise Mapperley Plains, from a suburb at the Nottingham end. The road, however, limits several parishes, the villages whereof lie in flanking valleys, whence arose the names Arnold Plains, Sneinton Plains, Gedling Plains, and Nottingham Plains. The strange thing is that this narrow hill-top tract-scarcely approachable by vehicular traffic before modern improvements-differs totally from plains the orthodox conception of what should be, and has consequently often given rise to puzzled inquiries that nobody could

answer.

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From the limited historical evidence available, while compiling a history of Mapperley in 1902, I directed some attention

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to the question of the signification of these particular plains," the earliest known allusions to which are little more than three centuries old. Historical evidence shows that, in medieval times, the same tracts of land were occupied by ancient parochial woodlands, and that the term 'plains only arose when and where the cleared. were Hence there woodlands seemed no escape from the conclusion that plain," in this case at least, signified land that was 'plain," in the sense of being bared of timber. I did not find this obsolete sense noted in any dictionary then accessible to me, and could only regret that the 'N.E.D.' had not in 1902 progressed so far as P-never doubting that the latter work would, in due time, fully illustrate the point. The greater, then, was my disappointment, on a recent examination, to find that this old-time signification of "plain" had not been recognized by the editors. This incidental reference, however, occurs: 1375, Barbour, 'Bruce,' vii. 613, "Thai in full gret hy agane out of the woud ran to the Moreover, illustrative extracts of plane.' the nineteenth century go to show that, plains "-chiefly in Colonial and U.S. use, plural-is a term applied to level treeless tracts of country," which looks like a survival.

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However, since 1902 I have found ample confirmation of the view then adopted, viz., that "plain" was a term once used in contradistinction from "woodland"; and hence it may fairly be presumed that the question whether the land agreed with the modern or whether it was hilly, was imsense, material. No doubt further illustrations could readily be found, but the following, taken (with one exception) from Notts literature, will probably suffice.

William Peveril's foundation charter to 66 the towns Lenton Priory, 1103-8, grants of Radford, Morton, and Keighton, with all their appurtenances, and whatsoever he had in Newthorpe and Papplewick, in wood, plain," &c.

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