matter of conjecture. His biographers, 1559. Nov. 6(?). Bullingham accepted the see. Lowth and Moberly, in the pedigrees they 1559. Dec. 17. Parker consecration at Lambeth. constructed, have offered different solutions 1560. Jan. 12. Royal assent to election of Bullingham as Bishop. of the point, but, in the absence of further evidence, it must remain questionable whether either solution is correct. My suggestion, which is, I believe, a new one, that Agnes was the wife of Guy Heyno of Stenbury, may possibly lead to the discovery of her parentage.

the Lambeth Register can be considered an original and trustworthy record of the facts which it relates.

The words of the grant of 18 Jan., 1560, are "infra prædictum Archidiaconatum nunc certo et legittimo modo vacantem.” RICHARD H. THORNTON.

36, Upper Bedford Place, W.C. DODSLEY'S FAMOUS COLLECTION OF

POETRY.

(See 10 S. vi. 361, 402; vii. 3, 82, 284, 404,

442; viii. 124, 183, 384, 442; ix. 3, 184, 323, 463; x. 103, 243, 305, 403; xi. 62, 143, 323.)

information on

clerical son of the well-known Bishop Hoadly, sent his friend Dodsley several of his own productions, and suggested many others; but some of the pieces he proposed were not included. Shenstone asserts that the sixth volume was printed before the fifth, and that he was not able to make some of the corrections that he desired.

Isaac Reed was editor of the 1782 issue, which for the first time gave the authorship of most of the poems which had appeared anonymously, and furnished some brief particulars of the lives of the poets. No better person could have been found for such a duty, for the poetical history of the My preliminary article contained some preceding century was more familiar to him the construction of the than to any other living person, save perhaps volumes of Dodsley's collection; it is now Dr. Johnson. With these volumes the possible to give some further details. Most issues of the collection ceased, but most of the pieces composing the first three of their contents subsequently appeared volumes (January, 1748) were submitted to in John Bell's Classical Arrangement of the judgment of George, the first Lord Fugitive Poetry.' Many of the pieces were Lyttelton, before they were passed for also included in the New Foundling Hosprinting. Some of them were suggested by pital for Wit.' A short time after their cessaHorace Walpole. Among these are the six tion a brighter school of poetry arose. Many Town Eclogues of Lady Mary Wortley of the poems brought together by Dodsley Montagu, the poems of Gray, the monody will live in our national literature, but of their friend Richard West, and, I would the spirit of five-sixths of the volumes has add, Seward's 'Female Right to Literature.' evaporated. A very harsh estimate of the Dodsley did not himself know the authors set is given in the Portfolio of a Man of the of many of the poems which he had inserted. World-I do not think that he can be Two months after publication Dodsley Mitford-which appeared in The Gentledoubted whether there would be another man's Magazine for 1845, pt. ii. p. 344:volume of the collection, but he offered Shenstone to insert a single poem or so in lection of Poems to-day, and certainly a more "Aug. 1819. I was looking in Dodsley's Colthe second edition of those already pub-piteous farrago of flatness never was seen. There lished. By the middle of May a second edition had been arranged for. It was not until the autumn of 1753 that a fourth volume was in course of preparation and that Shenstone was asked for further contributions. They were forwarded by him to Dodsley in November, 1753, and January, 1754, and formed the concluding portion (pp. 293-361) of the fourth volume. Many pieces were inserted in this and the other volumes from members of New College, Oxford, who had passed through their school education at Winchester College, and these were, I would suggest, supplied through Spence, Dodsley's warm friend for many years, and a member of both these establishments.

In April, 1756, Dodsley set about the publication of the two concluding volumes, which came out early in 1758, and was again in communication with Shenstone for contributions. This time the pieces of Shenstone and his friends filled the opening pages of the fifth volume. John Hoadly, the

are some of the standard poems of the preceding generation which stand out on high among the rest, but the performances of the day are really shocking to behold. There is a littleness, an utter dulness, that would be most disheartening were it not so gloriously contrasted by our present race. If we turn from Dodsley's paltry page of dilettante rhymes to Scott, or Shelley, or Byron, what giants we appear in comparison to our fathers. The generation between the Rebellion of Forty-five and the French Revolution was one of the tamest in our history. The American War, so disastrous in its close, was first looked upon as a mere partisan warfare, a little outbreak among a set of impudent convicts, that would be put down in a month or two; and it was so far off, and the whole so vexatious! There was no national feeling excited; we were fighting against ourselves; it was a spiritless and melancholy struggle, and nothing great on our side was elicited. But after the French Revolution the ferment of the universe brought forth great spirits, great warriors, great statesmen, great poets. And now, when we look back at the namby-pamby rhyming in Mr. Dodsley, we wonder how there could have been so many men in England who could write such stuff, or that the women could have been contented with such an unmanly set as must have been the composers.

of Epistles in the manner of Ovid, from Monimia to Philocles,' or 'The Squire of Dames, in Spenser's style. Spenser's! And A song for Rane; lagh,' and Flowers by Anthony Whistler, esq.,' A prayer to Venus in her temple at Stowe,' On a message-card in verse,' and Verses under Mr. Poyntz' picture.' Besides Epistles to a Lady and Epistles to Camilla and Clarissa,' and inscriptions in grottoes, and lines on fans innumerable."

W. P. COURTNEY.

THE COMPLETE PEERAGE': CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS.-I append two or three

notes on G. E. C.'s valuable work.

66

to have been created Baron Loughmore by Nicholas Purcell is stated (vol. v. p. 155) James II. "when in exile.' I find, however, in the Act for the Settlement of Ireland, 12 Aug., 1652," in a list of lords and others and among the lords, one Pursel, Baron of Loghmo. It would appear, accordingly, that the title Loughmore was in existence as early at any rate as 1641, to the rebellion of which year the abovementioned Act has reference. 1 should be glad to know the Christian name of the above "baron."

Vol. i. p. 131, 1. 5, for 14 March, read 14 March, 1664/5.

1664,

stand for kahv-ve, which is unlikely. The change from a to o, in my opinion, is better accounted for as an imperfect appreciation. The exact sound of a in Arabic and other Oriental languages is that of the English short u, as in " cuff." This sound, so easy to us, is a great stumbling-block to other nations. A learned German professor once confided to me, with tears in his eyes, that after years of study and long residence in England he was still utterly unable to dis"colour and tinguish between the words

66

both with o, and most foreigners do the same. collar." In fact, he pronounced them vowel which the writers could not grasp. I judge that Dutch koffie and kindred forms are imperfect attempts at the notation of a It is clear that the French type is more correct. The Germans have corrected their koffee, which they may have got from the Dutch, into kaffee. The Scandinavian languages have adopted the French form.

Many must wonder how the hv of the original so persistently becomes ff in the European equivalents. Sir James Murray makes no attempt to solve this problem; indeed, so far as I know, it has never been discussed by any philologist. I would point out that in Turkish there is a disVol. i. p. 184. In a document dated position to substitute ƒ for h. An example 8 June, 1404, and printed in Rymer's is kergef, the Turkish form of Persian kārgeh, 'Fœdera,' Walter Stewart is styled "Earl a workshop. Another is zilifdār, Turkish of Athole," whereas Sir James Balfour Paul for Persian silahdār. (This, by the way, is Scots Peerage') and G. E. C. both give 1409 as the date of creation.

Vol. i. p. 200.-The statement about the wives of James Tuchet, 7th Lord Audley, requires further examination. See Calendar of Inquisitions post Mortem,' Hen. VII, Nos. 601 and 646. The dates present a difficulty. T. C.

66

the same word Byron spells selictar.) It

does not seem credulous to assume that

kahvé might readily become kafvé, then by
assimilation kaffé. Some of the lesser lan-
guages
retain
of Europe
the original
Turkish v-Finnish kahvi, Hungarian kávé,
Bohemian káva, Polish kawa. In Servian
and Croatian they say indifferently kafa or
kava. The odd-looking Roumanian cafeá
and Russian kophei are due to stress upon
the last syllable.
JAS. PLATT, Jun.

WESTMINSTER ABBEY : THE WESTERN

'COFFEE : ITS ETYMOLOGY.-The history of this word involves several phonetic difficulties hitherto unsolved. Of course the 'N.E.D.' is right in stating that the European languages got the name about 1600 from the Arabic qahwah, not directly, TOWERS.-Dean Stanley wrote (Historical but through its Turkish form kahveh. The Turkish form might have been written kahvé, as its final h was never sounded at any time. Sir James Murray draws attention to the existence of two European types, one like the French café, Italian caffè, the other like the English coffee, Dutch koffie. He explains the vowel o in the second series as apparently representing au, from Turkish ahv. This seems unsupported by evidence, and the v is already represented by the ff, so on Sir James's assumption coffee must

Memorials of Westminster Abbey,' 1896, p. 476) that, according to the Chapter Book, the western towers were finished 1738/9 (17 February). He added in a foot-note that Wren restored the lower part of the towers and made a design for the whole, but that after his death in 1723 "the upper part was completed by Hawksmore, and after his death-1736-probably by James."

This is confirmed by Wyatt Papworth (Longman's History of the three Cathedrals

fo St. Paul,' 1873, p. 86), who says that London hotel was pointed out to me as they were finished by John James, Surveyor its successor. A letter written from at Westminster Abbey, 1725-46, and it in 1780, and describing the burning Wren's name should be disconnected of Newgate by the Gordon rioters, refers from them." This is clear enough, but to it as the most comfortable and commodious inn in the City of London." It flourished for some years after its rebuilding, but of late, owing to the demand for more up-to-date hotels, it had fallen on evil days. FREDERICK T. HIBGAME.

Mrs. E. T. Murray Smith (The Roll Call of Westminster Abbey,' 1903, p. 322) names Dickenson " as being finally responsible for their completion.

66

ENGLAND IN LONDON. I learn from Shelton's translations of Don Quixote 88 (Part II. chap. lvii.) that it was a popular error in Spain to believe that the lesser contained the greater. A note attached to some verses of the "witty and wanton Atisidora "

Yet another claimant for the honour is suggested in Nollekens and his Times' (1895, p. 166), where J. T. Smith quotes "Old Gayfere, the Abbey Mason,' having said to Nollekens: "I believe I told you that I carried the rods when Fleetcraft measured the last work at the North Tower when the Abbey was finished." For "North Tower," of course, read West Towers. The date of the work is beyond question.

Hollar's excellent engraving of the Western face (1654) clearly shows that the SouthWestern Tower was alone unfinished; for the others restoration only was necessary, and this is all Wren intended should be done. ALECK ABRAHAMS.

TRADE-MARKS : THEIR ANTIQUITY.-In the case of Southern v. How, in the King's Bench, Mr. Justice Doderidge said that

22 Eliz. an Action upon the Case was brought in the Common Pleas by a Clothier, that whereas he had gained great Reputation for the making of his Cloth, by reason whereof he had great Utterance to his great benefit and profit, and that he used to set his Mark to his Cloth, whereby it should be known to be his Cloth: And another Clothier, perceiving it, used the same Mark to his ill-made Cloth on purpose to deceive him, and it was resolved that the Action did well lie.'

66

Deceive " should be defraud. See Sir John Popham's Reports, Addition, 2nd ed., 1682, p. 144.

Hence it appears that a man's property in his own trade-mark was recognized as early as the year 1580, though I think the textbooks do not assign so early a date. RICHARD H. THORNTON.

36, Upper Bedford Place, W.C.

"THE SARACEN'S HEAD," SNOW HILL.— This old hotel, immortalized by Dickens in 'Nicholas Nickleby' and also by the fact that Lord Nelson slept there when on his way to join the Navy, finally closed its doors on Saturday the 3rd inst. The original building was pulled down some years ago, and the present building erected close to the site. Anything more unlike the inn as Dickens knew it could hardly have been built, and I well remember the keen disappointment I felt when this modern

COLERIDGE AND OPIUM.-The June number of The Canadian Magazine (Toronto) has an article by S. T. Wood on the tragedy of Coleridge's life, with facsimiles of letters from S. T. C. to the chemist in Tottenham Court Road from whom Coleridge obtained a supply of opium during his residence with the Gillmans at Highgate. These letters were preserved by Miss Dunn, daughter of the chemist. Miss Dunn became the wife of the Rev. W. H. Morris, a clergyman stationed near Toronto, and the notes which reveal the surreptitious purchase of drugs are at the present time in the possession of the family of one of the clergyman's daughters by a former marriage.