mountain summits, and the comparative paucity of elevated valleys, deep chasms, and rocky precipices, will no doubt explain the numerical deficiency in its mountain flora. Up to 1000 ft. the vegetation of Cumberland is superior to that of the Scottish highlands. Above 2000 ft. the species are not only fewer, but, with all the advantage of a more southern latitude, they commonly fail much earlier as we ascend the hills. The average heights to which the species mentioned in the preceding lists were observed to attain in the highlands are, for the first (or those exceeding 3000 ft. in Cumberland), 3900 ft.; for the second, 3200 ft.; for the third, 2900 ft.; for the fourth, 2400 ft. By average height is meant the mean obtained by dividing the sum of the highest stations observed in Scotland by the number of species.

Mr. Winch, to whom we are indebted for the fullest and most accurate lists of species and botanical notices for the county of Cumberland, has very recently printed a thin quarto pamphlet of Contributions to the Flora of Cumberland, in which are enumerated all except the commoner species said to have been found in the county; but, from the author's remarks, it is pretty evident that many stations published on the authority of the late Mr. Hutton are errors, if not deserving of a harsher designation. Though I have verified many of the stations given by Winch, it is unnecessary to repeat them here; and I shall, therefore, confine myself to those not included in his Contributions, and mention only the mountain species; at least with a very few exceptions.

Circa a alpina. Between the Great Wood and Falcon Crag, &c. Gàlium boreale. In plenty on the east side of Derwentwater. Alchemilla alpina. Particularly plentiful about the Scawfell group of hills, as well as on the hills in crossing from the Vale of Newlands to Borrodale. Lobelia Dortmánna. Watendlath Tarn, and the small tarn among the hills above it. In most of the lakes. — Vìola lùtea. Between Castlerig and Armboth, and on the north side of Latrigg. - Ribes petræum. Hedges of the fields between Ullock Moss and Braithwaite.

Lysimachia vulgàris. I believe to have seen this between Swinside Hill and Braithwaite. "Paterdale and Keswick, Hutchinson [?]. I could not find it in either of these places." Winch's Contributions.-Rhámnus Frángula. Ullock Moss, side next to Swinside Hill.- Convallària multiflora. Castle Head Wood, near the entrance from Keswick. "Convallaria Polygónatum. Keswick, Mr. Hutton. Not in his Herbarium." Winch. Juncus filiformis. Near the foot of Derwentwater, between the lake and willows, and among the willows. The

station is flooded when the water is high. - Juncus triglùmis. About half way up Helvellyn, ascending obliquely from the north end of Thirlmere. -Oxýria reniformis. Black Rocks of Great End, abundantly; ascending from the Vale of Newlands towards Borrodale, &c. - Epilobium alsinifòlium. Ashnessgill and west side of Helvellyn. Not seen in flower, and the species not quite certain. - Vaccínium Oxycoccos. Rare about Keswick. Only seen in a moss on the west side of the highest point of the road over Whinlatter. — Arbutus Uva úrsi. Descending Grassmoor to Crummoch Water; rather on the Buttermere than the Scale Hill side. Saxí

fraga stellaris. Many hills from 1000 ft. to 3000 ft. S. aïzöìdes. Black Rocks of Great End abundantly, and other hills. S. oppositifòlia. Black rocks of Great End. The Black Rocks were so called by my guide. They are the walls of a deep ravine crossed in ascending direct to the summit of Scawfell Pikes from Styehead Tarn, keeping the Wastdale side of Great End, instead of the usual ascent by the upper tarn. They are near to, but not in, the Screes, where this species has been before found. - S. hypnöìdes. Helvellyn, Great End, Grange, &c. - Silène acaulis. Black Rocks of Great End. Not in Winch's list. — Rùbus saxátilis. Hills between Thirlmere and Derwentwater. Potentilla alpéstris. On the steep rocks in ascending from the Vale of Newlands, over Grange Fell to Borrodale. Not in Winch's list.Thalictrum alpinum. Ascending from Styehead Tarn to Sprinkling Tarn, but nearer to the latter; also ascending from the Black Rocks of Great End to Scawfell Pikes. I showed the former station to my guide, Moore, jun., of Keswick. Mr. Winch seems to doubt the species being found in the county, and probably this is the first authentic station. Habenària álbida. Hills to the south of Watendlath Tarn; between the latter and Borrodale, &c. - Càrex rígida. On various hills, near their summits, as Saddleback, Helvellyn, Great End, Scawfell Pikes, Grisedale Pike, Grassmoor. Mr. Winch only mentions Skiddaw. - Salix herbàcea. Summits of Helvellyn, Scawfell Pikes, Grisedale Pike, Grassmoor, &c. Rhodìola ròsea. Various rocks on Great End, Scawfell Pikes, Helvellyn, west side of Grange Fell, Grassmoor. Juniperus communis. Frequent on the hills. Within a few feet of the summit of Grisedale Pike, considered to be 2580 ft. high. Winch, in his essay on the distribution of plants in the northern counties, mentions it as if rising only to 1500 ft.; but I saw it in various places above 2000 ft. The summit of Grisedale Pike was the highest station observed. In Forfar

shire it attains 2750 ft. - Asplenium septentrionale. On the steep rocks in ascending from the Vale of Newlands over Grange Fell to Borrodale. Not in Winch's list. - Hymenophyllum Wilsoni. Black rocks of Great End, west side of Grange Fell, &c.

ART. VII. A brief Notice of several Species of Epiphyllous Fungi which have been observed in the Neighbourhood of Oxford, and have not been hitherto generally known to occur in Britain. By Mr. WILLIAM BAXTER, A.L.S., Curator of the Botanic Garden at Oxford.

AMONGST many epiphyllous fungi, which I have observed in the neighbourhood of Oxford, the following are, I believe, new to the British cryptogamic flora.

Dothídea Heraclèi, Fries Syst. Mycol. v. 2. pt. 2. p. 556. Parasitical on the under side of the leaves of Heraclèum Sphondýlium L.-D. Gerànii, Fries Syst. Mycol. v. 2. pt. 2. p. 558.; Loudon's Hort. Brit. p. 458. On the upper surface of the leaves of Gerànium rotundifolium L. Summer and autumn, common. -D. Fraxini, Fries Syst. Mycol. v. 2. pt. 2. p. 561. On the under surface of the leaves of Fráxinus excélsior L. In the autumn, not common. Shotover plantations. Oct. 2. 1826.-D. Potentillæ, Fries Syst. Mycol. v. 2. pt. 2. p. 563. On the leaves of Potentilla réptans L. Asteròma Prunella, Purton's MSS. Cryptogamæ Oxonienses, fasc. 2. n. 79.; Britannicus, p. 459. On the leaves and vulgàris L. in the spring and summer. places in Bagley Wood, and on Shotover Hill. This very distinct and beautiful species of Asteròma was first discovered by Mr. John Haines, of the Radcliffe Library, who pointed it out to me in February, 1824.

Baxter's Stirpes Loudon's Hortus stems of Prunella In damp shady

["My much lamented friend, the late Thomas Purton, Esq., of Alcester, Warwickshire, an excellent botanist, and author of the Midland Flora, so often referred to in this work, named it A. Prunella. It is by no means uncommon in Bagley Wood, principally upon such plants of the Prunella as grow in moist places, or on the margins of rills, &c.." (Mr. Baxter, in No. xvii., for December, 1833, of his Illustrations of British Flowering Plants, in the text appertaining to Prunella vulgaris L. See a communication on British plants by the late Mr. Purton in this Magazine (VI. 57.). J. D.]

Erysiphe (mildew) Epilòbii Link, in Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 6.

pt. 1. p. 102. On the leaves and stems of Epilobium hirsùtum L. Summer and autumn. - E. nítida, Grev. MSS. Baxt. Stirp. Cryp. Oxon. fasc. 2. n. 97. On the leaves and stems of Circa a lutetiàna L. In the autumn, Bagley Wood (1826 to 1833).

Eríneum Rùbi Link, in Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 6. pt. 1. p. 146. On the under surface of the leaves of Rùbus macrophýllus Weihe. Bagley Wood, summer and autumn, common (1832-33). Mr. E. Jenner of Brighton has found the same Eríneum about Windsor.-E. lanòsum, Grev. MSS.; Baxt. Stirp. Crypt. Oxon. fasc. 1. n. 49.; Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 464. On the upper surface of the leaves of the common crab tree (Pyrus Malus L.) in Magdalen College Water Walks, and between Cowley Marsh and Bullington Green; September 1822 to 1833. I believe these to be the only localities at present known for this new Eríneum.

Puccinia Scillàrum, Grev. MSS.; Baxt. Stirp. Crypt. Oxon. fasc. 1. n. 40. On the leaves of Scilla campanulata H. K., and Scilla nutans Sm., in the Botanic Garden, May (1823 to 1833.), common. On S. nutans Sm., on Shotover Hill.

Ecídium Bèhenis, Decand. Fl. Fr. v. 6. p. 94.; Baxt. Stirp. Crypt. Oxon. fasc. 2. n. 90. Cæòma Lychnideàrum Link, in Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 6. pt. 2. p. 59. On the leaves and stems of Silène inflàta Sm., in corn fields between Bullington Green and Cheyney Lane, plentiful. Aug. 1827.-. quadrífidum, Decand. Fl. Fr. v. 6. p. 90. Cæòma quadrífidum Link, in Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 6. pt. 2. p. 55. On the leaves and leafstalks of Anemone coronària, L. in gardens; not uncommon. See Loud. Gard. Mag. vol. iii. p. 490. — Æ. A`ri, Grev. MSS. On the leaves of Arum maculàtum L., Bagley Wood, rare. Mr. G. Gulliver has found the same species

in the neighbourhood of Banbury.

Urèdo Hypericòrum, Decand. Fl. Fr. v. 6. p. 81.; Baxt. Stirp. Crypt. Oxon. fasc. 1. n. 42. Cæòma Hypericòrum Link, in Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 6. pt. 2. p. 24. On the under surface of the leaves of Hypéricum Androsa`mum L. Shotover Hill, and the Botanic Garden, plentiful. June to September, 1825 to 1833. I, in June, 1831, observed the same Urèdo on the leaves of Hypéricum púlchrum L., in the neighbourhood of Rugby in Warwickshire. U. Nicotianæ, Purton's MSS. On the under surface of the leaves of Nicotiana multiválvis Lindl., in the Botanic Garden, September, 1832 and 1833.U. Státices. Common on the leaves of Státice Armèria L., in the Botanic Garden. I am not aware that this Urèdo is noticed in any work on cryptogamous botany. It forms oblong rusty-coloured spots, surrounded by the ruptured

epidermis of the leaf. Sporidia globose.-U. Bèhenis Decand. Fl. Fr. v. 6. p. 63. Cæòma Behenis Link, in Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 6. p. 27. On the leaves of Silène inflàta Sm., in corn fields between Bullington Green and Cheyney Lane, Aug. 9. 1827, rare. U. pállida, Grev. MSS. On the under side of the leaves of Conyza squarròsa L., in the Botanic Garden. Dr. Greville informs me that this Urèdo grows also on Solidago lævigàta H. K. and Pyrethrum macrophyllum W. WILLIAM BAXTER.

Botanic Garden, Oxford, Sept. 28. 1833.

THAT true and elegant naturalist, Hurdis (an Oxonian), was he who said,

and the proverbiality his saying has attained proves that the truth of its sentiment is generally felt. Mr. Baxter contributes not a little to illustrate its truth, not only in the above communication, but in the cheap and excellent periodical now in the course of publication, entitled Figures and Descriptions of one Species in a Genus of the Flowering Plants of Britain. In that work, a plurality of associations are drawn together and connected with each of the plants figured, and among these associations, not rarely a notice, from Mr. Baxter, of the species of fungus which have been found to inhabit the plants' leaves and herbage, is supplied. — J. D.

The common Berberry (Bérberis vulgaris L.) is perfectly harmless to the Crops of Wheat which may grow near it. (VI. 367.) -To Mr. Babington's pertinent practical fact (VI. 367.), illustrative of this assertion, I would add, that the parasitic fungus which diseases the leaves of the berberry is Æcídium Berbéridis Persoon, and is in species and genus most distinct from the parasitic fungus, Puccínia Gráminis Persoon, which is frequently found infesting the herbage of crops of wheat. A figure of Ecídium Berbéridis is given in Loudon's Encyclopædia of Plants, p. 1045. No. 16676.; and one of Puccinia Gráminis in p. 1047. No. 16710. In hedgerows around corn fields in some neighbourhoods, plants of the berberry are not rare (by Shaker's Lane, near Bury St. Edmunds, as one instance); and it is probable that the charging on the berberry the diseasing of the wheat, or other corn, which has grown near it, has arisen from the likely case of the berberry being infested with its parasitic fungus, the Ecídium Berbéridis Pers., at the