month of September, or until the fermentation begins to burst them. The bottles requiring great strength, they are imported from Folembray, a town of Champagne in France: they are as much superior to our best American bottles as the best French plate-glass is superior to common American glass. The French bottle will stand a pressure of twenty-five to thirty atmospheres; while the American will rarely bear more than sixteen to eighteen, as shown by the manometer used here in testing them. The neck of the French bottle is likewise more uniform. No old nor second-hand bottles are used. The corks are also imported from Epernay.

This second fermentation having now progressed as stated, it is arrested in great measure by lowering the bottles into the vaults built for storage of sparkling wine, where they are stacked by scores of thousands, in long rows resembling cord-wood; each bottle being laid on its side, along which now collects the sediment generated by the fermentation. The development of gas may not, however, wholly cease, as the occasional bursting of bottles will show. hot August, some years ago, the gas evolved by a slight excess of the rock-candy caused the destruction of fifty thousand bottles. The wine thus spilled is, however, conducted by a contrivance of stone gutters to a reservoir, and is distilled into brandy; seven measures of wine making one of brandy.

In one

The bottled wine thus stacked in store may remain undisturbed for years. When wanted for market, the bottles, without disturbance of their sediment, are carefully placed in racks, their necks inclining downwards, and are gradually raised, day by day, towards a perpendicular and inverted position, each bottle being every day twirled about one-third round and back again by hand several times; which agitation causes the sediment to collect gradually in the neck. leaving the wine above perfectly clear. This operation requires two to three weeks.

The bottles are now carefully elevated from the cellar; and, as a very skilful workman removes each cork, the puff of gas expels all sediment, - a process known as "disgorging,”—and the bottle passes to the hand of another, who quickly adjusts its mouth to a tube, through which it receives by gauge a small quantity of the wine-solution of pure rock-candy,—just enough to make good the loss in disgorging; and the bottle is received by a third workman, and furnished, at a single blow of a mallet, with a new cork, which a fourth workman as quickly secures in its place by the use of an admirable machine. The wine is made.

The bottles are now removed to the packing-room, and there properly labelled, and packed in boxes of twelve quart bottles or twenty-four pint bottles each; and every box is secured against fraudulent opening by means of Bartlett's patent, a red tape tied round the centre of the box, fitting in a groove, and sealed with the seal of the wine-house; which patent has been adopted as the "trade-mark" for pure wines by the American Wine-growers' Association of

Ohio.

In the preparation of still wines, the proprietor avails himself of a valuable precaution which is of practical interest to the makers of wine.

The discovery made by L. Pasteur (to which was awarded a gold medal by the Emperor of France at the Paris Exposition), that wine heated to the tem

perature of sixty degrees centigrade will not turn, become diseased, nor deposit sediment, was immediately put into practice at this wine-house.

The Major constructed a heating chamber with capacity for two thousand bottles of wine; and the result exceeded anticipation. Wine heated in accordance with Pasteur's method, and afterwards exposed to the sun for four weeks, only gained a more perfect clearness; while wine so exposed, without such preparation, showed that trace of sediment which the most careful wine-makers have not hitherto been able to prevent. Dry wine in casks can be heated in the same manner. The history of this discovery in France thus far gives assurance that it will be of incalculable use in the preservation and even the restoration of wine.

Of still wines, there are seven kinds made at this house; namely, Catawba, Isabella, Concord, Virginia Seedling, Ives's Seedling, Rentz Seedling, and Taylor's Bullitt. Of sparkling wines, only Catawba and Isabella have hitherto been manufactured; but the list is increased the present season by adding the Delaware, Ives's Seedling, Virginia Seedling, Concord, and Rentz Seedling. They promise great excellence, and are now for the first time presented to the American public as sparkling wines.

INDIANA HORTICULTURAL Society. This assembly of earnest and intelligent fruit-growers has just held its regular annual meeting at the capital of the Hoosier State. In previous years, these active pomologists have done a good work for their fellow-citizens, — first, in clearing away the fogs of a confused synonymy that has prevailed quite extensively; next, in giving the results of their experience with varieties, after thoroughly testing them in different soils and climates, that vary with their situation, from the Ohio-river hills, across the elevated plateau of the centre of the State, with its fertile valleys, and so on, to the drives and sandy stretches of the lake-shores. The greatest length of the State, from north to south, extends through nearly four degrees of latitude; and the rocks upon which it is based, and from which the soil derives in part its peculiarities, are from the old blue limestone of the lower Silurian age, through the Devonian and the sandstones of the coal-measures and the drift of the tertiary period, to the newer tertiary of the lake-region.

In all this diversified extent, we should expect to find a great variety of soil, climate, and other conditions, that must more or less seriously affect the character of the fruits planted, and require a choice in the selection of varieties: such selection has been the special object and design of these men, who have devoted their energies to the subject, and have given the results of their labors to their fellow-citizens in annual reports. Another important work has been performed by them in hunting up valuable new varieties that have been found in the seedling-orchards which were planted in the early times before the general introduction of grafted varieties. At these meetings also, the results of the year's observations by some of the best fruit-men of the State are brought together, and, after due consideration, are laid before the people.

On the 7th of January, these intelligent men assembled in the senate-chamber of the capitol, and spread out a magnificent display of winter fruits, such as was

said by a New-York nursery-man of travel and experience to exceed any similar exhibition he had ever witnessed at Rochester, which is the great centre of the fruit-growers of the Empire State, and the point selected for holding their meetings and exhibitions. This is no mean praise; but the exhibiters of these beautiful fruits of Indiana growth did not seem to feel that they had done any thing extraordinary, nor even that they had come up to some of their former efforts in this winter exhibition.

The president, Mr. I. D. G. Nelson, a well-known and successful fruit-grower of Fort Wayne, called the society to order in the forenoon, and appointed some committees to forward the business of the sessions. The society then adjourned for dinner.

On re-assembling in the afternoon, the Business Committee made their report of a programme, fixing as the first order an address upon the grape-vine, to be given by Dr. Warder of Ohio, who has been a regular visitor at these meetings, . and an acknowledged member of the society. In his address, the attention of the audience (which was greatly enlarged by the attendance of the State Agricultural Society) was called especially to the terminology of the vine; and the adoption of uniform expressions when speaking or writing about the vine, its treatment, training, and trimming, was urged upon his audience. To aid in this, a few well-selected and direct terms were proposed from the best authorities; and these were recommended for general adoption. The lecture was fully illustrated by portions of grape-vines brought from a neighboring vineyard; and, at its close, the address and the vines were taken up as the theme for an interesting discussion on trimming and training, which occupied the remainder of the after

noon.

In the evening session, the society considered the apple-list by catalogue, for the purpose of putting upon record the result of the year's experience and observations. In this society a great work has already been done, at the suggestion of the American Pomological Society, in the way of cataloguing the fruits with symbols and abbreviations descriptive of their characters and values. This is done in tabular form, and the result is of great value to orchard-planters throughout the State. It is a labor that requires long-continued observations and repeated consultations and amendments, but which has now reached a considerable degree of perfection, and may be taken as a safe guide in the different regions into which the State has been divided, — Northern, Central, and Southern. Wednesday, Jan. 8. Amid the confusion and excitement incident to this day of political action at the capital, our fruit-men, who are largely made up of substantial and quiet Quakers, resumed their peaceful labors for the promotion of the comfort of their fellow-citizens.

A communication on the subject of marketing fruits was read from Mr. Matthews of the neighboring State of Illinois; after which Mr. Dunlap of Champaign, in the same State, delivered a lecture upon the same subject, which was replete with valuable information. Both these papers touched important topics to the fruit-grower, and indicated the necessity of preparing their products for safe transportation to market, and of having them placed before the public in an attractive form. The subject, being one of great interest, elicited a full and free discussion among the members.

In the afternoon, Mr. Dunlap addressed the society at some length upon the peculiarities of soil and climate and upon the fruit-prospects of this State and of Illinois; pointing out the necessity for study, in every region, of the effects produced upon varieties by such peculiarities, and the conclusion which was forced upon all careful observers, — that there was an adaptation of certain fruits to one region, that might be found less successful, or even a total failure, in another section of the country.

The fruits upon exhibition attracted much attention, and were good illustrations of these remarks. Among them were many of great merit, and not a few that seem to have found a most genial home in the fertile soils of Indiana, though coming from widely different and distant sources. There were also quite a number of fruits on exhibition that are peculiar to this State. The remarkable differences in the production of apples, caused by soil and climate, were well illustrated by some of the specimens produced in the extremes of this State. The Rome Beauty, the Janet, Ben Davis, Jonathan, and Winesap, produced on the coalmeasures of the southern portions, were much larger and finer than those grown on the limestone soils of the plains in the centre and eastern and northern parts of the State but the Greenings, Baldwins, Russets, and Spitzenbergs of the north were of superior quality to those of the south; and the White Pippin, Rambo, Vauderveres, and Bellflowers of the centre and eastern parts asserted their supremacy over those from other regions.

On the third day, the discussions were kept up with great interest; though, as usual, some of the members began to fall off. Grapes and some of the small fruits came in for a share of attention, and were fully discussed.

In the afternoon, a valuable paper was read by Allen Furnass, one of the vicepresidents. It was the result of his year's study of insects, verified by careful observation in the field, orchard, and garden; and included an account of some destructive little animals also. At the close of the reading, Dr. Warder was called upon to speak upon these depredators, which he did at some length in a practical way. He also stated that he had addressed the Agricultural Convention of Ohio on the previous day upon the same subject, with the intent to induce that body to appeal to the legislature for the appointment of a State entomologist, who should make annual report, through the Board of Agriculture, of the insects injurious and beneficial to the farm and garden, with suggestions, based upon a knowledge of their habits, that would enable the farmer to protect his crops from these insidious foes. Such reports, he thought, would be valuable to the farmers of Indiana, who are troubled with insects very similar to those of Ohio.

In this meeting of our society, we have been glad to welcome visitors from other States; and among them we have had delegates from New York, Ohio, and Illinois, who joined in the discussions very acceptably.

At the appointed hour, four, P.M., the society adjourned in the midst of the most happy feeling of interest in the cause of horticulture.

GOODYERA MACRANTHA. A hardy, variegated orchid is somewhat of a novelty however, we have it in this plant, of which we give a good illustration and description, taken from "The Florist: "

It has been introduced from Japan in a living state to the St. Petersburg Botanic Garden by M. Maximowicz; and the same or a very similar plant was brought to this country by Mr. J. G. Veitch, on his return from Japan.

The plant is a dwarf-herb, with short stems and approximate leaves, narrowing into the petiole, which is dilated, so as to sheathe the stem by its base. The form of the leaves is ovate, acute; the margin being of a clear pale-yellow, and the central part barred with bright-green reticulations on a deep olive-green ground. The flowers are upwards of an inch long; of a pale-pink color; hairy on the outside, with linear, erect sepals and petals, and a lip of the same form, but shorter and recurved. It is related to the Georchis biflora of Lindley; and M. Maximowicz regards it as forming with that plant a very natural section of the genus Goodyera.

For garden-purposes, it will be very welcome; because, with much of the beauty of the Anæctochils, it is far more manageable than they. Indeed, M. Regel states that it succeeds well in a cool house, if placed in a light situation, protected from the influence of the sun by means of shading.

In Japan it is only met with in cultivation, and brings a high price to the Japanese dealers. M. Regel suspects that this and another species, G. velutina, something in the way of G. discolor, both come from the southern islands of Japan. Their free growth, easy culture, and nicely-marked leaves, render them both desirable for general cultivation. It is recommended that they should be grown in flat pots, planted in freshly-gathered sphagnum, mixed with a little loamy earth and sand, and kept rather elevated above the edge of the pot.